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Abbak N, Nemutlu E, Reçber T, Gul ASD, Akkoyun HT, Akkoyun MB, Yilmaz G, Ekin S, Bakir A, Arihan O. Behavior, antioxidant, and metabolomics effects of Allium tuncelianum. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3538-3551. [PMID: 38726412 PMCID: PMC11077190 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Allium species are consumed extensively as folkloric medicine and dietary elements, but limited studies have been conducted on them. In this study, the effects of an ethanol-water extract obtained from the underground bulb of Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B. Mathew & Şiraneci (AT) on the behavioral, antioxidant, and metabolite parameters in rats were evaluated. AT was administered orally once a day at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg to male Wistar albino rats for 10 consecutive days. The elevated plus maze, rotarod, and hotplate tests were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activities, and pain perception in the rats, respectively. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on plasma samples and AT extracts using two orthogonal analytical platforms. The phenolic components, mainly fumaric acid, malic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin-3-arabinoside, hydrocinnamic acid, and gallocatechin, were determined in the extract. In addition, arbutin, salicylic acid, trehalose, and nicotinic acid were analyzed in the extract for the first time. The AT extract did not decrease the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase levels; however, diazepam decreased some of those parameters significantly in the brain, liver, and kidney. Although both the AT and diazepam treatments resulted in an increase in anxiolytic-like effects compared to the control group, no significant differences were observed (p > .05). In the metabolomic analysis, significant changes were observed in the rats treated with AT and diazepam, and they caused significant changes in some metabolic pathways, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Abbak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Asli San Dagli Gul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - H. Turan Akkoyun
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary FacultySiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | | | - Gulderen Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Suat Ekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceVan Yuzuncu Yil UniversityVanTurkey
| | - Ahmet Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceVan Yuzuncu Yil UniversityVanTurkey
| | - Okan Arihan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Monte AA, Vest A, Reisz JA, Berninzoni D, Hart C, Dylla L, D'Alessandro A, Heard KJ, Wood C, Pattee J. A Multi-Omic Mosaic Model of Acetaminophen Induced Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation. J Med Toxicol 2023; 19:255-261. [PMID: 37231244 PMCID: PMC10212224 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common cause liver injury following alcohol in US patients. Predicting liver injury and subsequent hepatic regeneration in patients taking therapeutic doses of APAP may be possible using new 'omic methods such as metabolomics and genomics. Multi'omic techniques increase our ability to find new mechanisms of injury and regeneration. METHODS We used metabolomic and genomic data from a randomized controlled trial of patients administered 4 g of APAP per day for 14 days or longer with blood samples obtained at 0 (baseline), 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 days. We used the highest ALT as the clinical outcome to be predicted in our integrated analysis. We used penalized regression to model the relationship between genetic variants and day 0 metabolite level, and then performed a metabolite-wide colocalization scan to associate the genetically regulated component of metabolite expression with ALT elevation. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses were conducted for ALT elevation and metabolite level using linear regression, with age, sex, and the first five principal components included as covariates. Colocalization was tested via a weighted sum test. RESULTS Out of the 164 metabolites modeled, 120 met the criteria for predictive accuracy and were retained for genetic analyses. After genomic examination, eight metabolites were found to be under genetic control and predictive of ALT elevation due to therapeutic acetaminophen. The metabolites were: 3-oxalomalate, allantoate, diphosphate, L-carnitine, L-proline, maltose, and ornithine. These genes are important in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), urea breakdown pathway, glutathione production, mitochondrial energy production, and maltose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This multi'omic approach can be used to integrate metabolomic and genomic data allowing identification of genes that control downstream metabolites. These findings confirm prior work that have identified mitochondrial energy production as critical to APAP induced liver injury and have confirmed our prior work that demonstrate the importance of the urea cycle in therapeutic APAP liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Alexis Vest
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Metabolomics Core, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Danielle Berninzoni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Claire Hart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Metabolomics Core, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kennon J Heard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jack Pattee
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Monte AA, Mackenzie IA, Pattee J, Kaiser S, Willems E, Rumack B, Reynolds KM, Dart RC, Heard KJ. Genetic variants associated with ALT elevation from therapeutic acetaminophen. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:1198-1204. [PMID: 36102175 PMCID: PMC9701448 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2117053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested genetic variants associated with acetaminophen induced liver injury (DILI) following overdose. Genetic variation associated with acetaminophen-induced alanine aminotransferase elevation during therapeutic dosing has not been examined. METHODS We performed genetic analyses on patients that ingested therapeutic doses of 4 grams of acetaminophen for up to 16 days. We examined 20 genes previously implicated in the metabolism of acetaminophen or the development of immune-mediated DILI using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Global Array 2. Autosomes were aligned and imputed using TOPMed. A candidate gene region analysis was performed by testing each gene individually using linkage disequilibrium (LD) pruned variants with the adaptive sum of powered scores (aSPU) test from the aSPU R package. The highest measured ALT during therapy, the maximum ALT, was used as the outcome. RESULTS 192 subjects taking therapeutic APAP were included in the genetic analysis. 136 (70.8%) were female, 133 (69.2%) were Caucasian race, and the median age was 34 years (IQR: 26, 46). Age > 50 years was the only clinical factor associated with maximum ALT increase. Variants in SULT1E1, the gene responsible for Sulfotransferase Family 1E Member 1 enzyme production, were associated with maximum ALT. No single variant drove this association, but rather the association was due to the additive effects of numerous variants within the gene. No other genes were associated with maximum ALT increase in this cohort. CONCLUSION Acetaminophen induced ALT elevation at therapeutic doses was not associated with variation in most genes associated with acetaminophen metabolism or immune-induced DILI in this cohort. The role of SULT1E1 polymorphism in acetaminophen-induced elevated ALT needs further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Monte
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Center for Bioinformatics & Personalized Medicine, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
| | - Ian Arriaga Mackenzie
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jack Pattee
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sasha Kaiser
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
| | - Emileigh Willems
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Barry Rumack
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
| | - Kate M. Reynolds
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
| | - Richard C. Dart
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
| | - Kennon J. Heard
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
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Arnold CG, Dylla L, Monte AA, Heard K, Heard S, D'Alessandro A, Reynolds K, Dart R, Rumack B, Sonn B. Metabolomic Evaluation of N-Acetyl-p-Benzoquinone Imine Protein Adduct Formation with Therapeutic Acetaminophen Administration: Sex-based Physiologic Differences. J Med Toxicol 2022; 18:297-310. [PMID: 35751009 PMCID: PMC9492831 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-022-00903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP)-associated transaminase elevation, induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adduction, remains an area of research interest. Distinct from known genetic, physiologic, and dosage associations dictating severity of hepatic injury, no known factors predict an absence of protein adduct formation at therapeutic APAP dosing. HYPOTHESIS Sex-based physiology is predictive of APAP-induced protein adduct formation and differential metabolite expression at therapeutic doses. METHODS This retrospective study interrogated serum samples collected for a prior study investigating fluctuations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) over time with 4G daily APAP dosing for ≥ 16 days in subjects from Denver, Colorado. Subjects were grouped by adduct formation (n = 184) vs no adducts (n = 20). Samples were run on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry from study days 0, 7, 16, and 31. Significant metabolite expressions were identified using t-tests with false discovery rate correction (FDR), partial least squares discriminant, and ANOVA simultaneous comparison analyses. Demographic and clinical data were explored using t-tests with FDR (age, weight, BMI, ALT) and Chi-square (sex, ethnicity, race) analyses. RESULTS In pre-treatment samples, relative quantitation caprylic acid was expressed ninefold higher and 6-carboxyhexanoate was expressed threefold lower in subjects who did not develop adducts. Lactate had greater expression in the no adducts group (p = 0.001). Using absolute quantitation, glutathione was expressed 2.6-fold greater among no adduct subjects. Odds of males developing NAPQI protein adducts at therapeutic APAP dosing were 5.91 times lower than females (95% CI = 2.3-14.9; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Multiple metabolites were differentially expressed based on adduct group and sex. Metabolites were identified unique to adduct development independent of sex. At therapeutic APAP dosing, males were less likely to develop APAP protein adducts. Further research into lipid biosynthesis and metabolism may provide further insight into physiology associated with adduct production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosby G Arnold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop B-215, 12401 East 17thAvenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop B-215, 12401 East 17thAvenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew A Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop B-215, 12401 East 17thAvenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 1391 Speer Blvd Unit 600, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Kennon Heard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop B-215, 12401 East 17thAvenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 1391 Speer Blvd Unit 600, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Susan Heard
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 1391 Speer Blvd Unit 600, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Division of Bioinformatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Place, Fitzimons Building, 5th floor, #563, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kate Reynolds
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 1391 Speer Blvd Unit 600, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Richard Dart
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 1391 Speer Blvd Unit 600, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Barry Rumack
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 1391 Speer Blvd Unit 600, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brandon Sonn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop B-215, 12401 East 17thAvenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Moreno-Torres M, Quintás G, Castell JV. The Potential Role of Metabolomics in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Assessment. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060564. [PMID: 35736496 PMCID: PMC9227129 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most frequent adverse clinical reactions and a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality. Hepatotoxicity is among the major reasons for drug withdrawal during post-market and late development stages, representing a major concern to the pharmaceutical industry. The current biochemical parameters for the detection of DILI are based on enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and bilirubin serum levels that are not specific of DILI and therefore there is an increasing interest on novel, specific, DILI biomarkers discovery. Metabolomics has emerged as a tool with a great potential for biomarker discovery, especially in disease diagnosis, and assessment of drug toxicity or efficacy. This review summarizes the multistep approaches in DILI biomarker research and discovery based on metabolomics and the principal outcomes from the research performed in this field. For that purpose, we have reviewed the recent scientific literature from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PubTator using the terms “metabolomics”, “DILI”, and “humans”. Despite the undoubted contribution of metabolomics to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of DILI and the identification of promising novel metabolite biomarkers, there are still some inconsistencies and limitations that hinder the translation of these research findings into general clinical practice, probably due to the variability of the methods used as well to the different mechanisms elicited by the DILI causing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Torres
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-T.); (J.V.C.)
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Unidad Analítica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Health and Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Center, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José V. Castell
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-T.); (J.V.C.)
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