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Kaltsas A, Zikopoulos A, Moustakli E, Zachariou A, Tsirka G, Tsiampali C, Palapela N, Sofikitis N, Dimitriadis F. The Silent Threat to Women's Fertility: Uncovering the Devastating Effects of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1490. [PMID: 37627485 PMCID: PMC10451552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), which arises through an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of female infertility, with the latter constituting just one of a number of diseases linked to OS as a potential cause. The aim of the present article is to review the literature regarding the association between OS and female infertility. Among the reproductive diseases considered are endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while environmental pollutants, lifestyle variables, and underlying medical conditions possibly resulting in OS are additionally examined. Current evidence points to OS likely contributing to the pathophysiology of the above reproductive disorders, with the amount of damage done by OS being influenced by such variables as duration and severity of exposure and the individual's age and genetic predisposition. Also discussed are the processes via which OS may affect female fertility, these including DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the last section of the manuscript contains an evaluation of treatment options, including antioxidants and lifestyle modification, capable of minimizing OS in infertile women. The prime message underlined by this review is the importance of considering OS in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. Further studies are, nevertheless required to identify the best treatment regimen and its ideal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Kaltsas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Georgia Tsirka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Natalia Palapela
- Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Impellizzeri P, Nascimben F, Di Fabrizio D, Antonuccio P, Antonelli E, Peri FM, Calabrese U, Arena S, Romeo C. Pathogenesis of Congenital Malformations: Possible Role of Oxidative Stress. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:816-823. [PMID: 33167041 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital anomalies are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the physiopathology of pregnancy-related congenital malformations. This review summarizes the role of OS in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations; in particular, its purpose is to describe how OS influences the development of heart congenital malformations, oesophageal atresia, biliary atresia, diaphragmatic hernia, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of previous studies about the role of OS in pregnancy and its possible effects in developing of congenital malformations. One electronic database (PubMed) was searched and reference lists were checked. RESULTS An imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense can occur early in pregnancy and continue in the postnatal life, producing OS. It may destroy the signaling pathways needed for a correct embryogenesis leading to birth defects. In fact, cell functions, especially during embryogenesis, needs specific signaling pathways to regulate the development. These pathways are sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous factors; therefore, they can produce structural alterations of the developing fetus. CONCLUSION Because OS plays a significant role in pathogenesis of congenital malformations, studies should be developed in order to better define their OS mechanisms and the beneficial effects of supplemental therapeutic strategies. KEY POINTS · Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations.. · Heart malformations, oesophageal atresia, biliary atresia, diaphragmatic hernia, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney are analyzed.. · A knowledge of pathomechanism of OS-related congenital malformations could be useful to prevent them..
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Impellizzeri
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Nascimben
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Di Fabrizio
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrica Antonelli
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Flora Maria Peri
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ugo Calabrese
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Arena
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Silva MS, De Souza DV, Alpire MES, Malinverni ACDM, Da Silva RCB, Viana MDB, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Dimethoate induces genotoxicity as a result of oxidative stress: in vivo and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43274-43286. [PMID: 34189686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate ([O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate]) is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide widely used for agricultural purposes. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical agent interact directly to DNA or act indirectly leading to DNA damage by affecting spindle apparatus or enzymes involved in DNA replication, thereby causing mutations. Taking into consideration the importance of genotoxicity induced by dimethoate, the purpose of this manuscript was to provide a mini review regarding genotoxicity induced by dimethoate as a result of oxidative stress. The present study was conducted on studies available in MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and Google scholar for all kind of articles (all publications published until May, 2020) using the following key words: dimethoate, omethoate, DNA damage, genetic damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mutation, and mutagenicity. The results showed that many studies were published in the scientific literature; the approach was clearly demonstrated in multiple tissues and organs, but few papers were designed in humans. In summary, new studies within the field are important for better understanding the pathobiological events of genotoxicity on human cells, particularly to explain what cells and/or tissues are more sensitive to genotoxic insult induced by dimethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Souza Silva
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor De Souza
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cristina De Moraes Malinverni
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Regina Claudia Barbosa Da Silva
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Milena De Barros Viana
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Valério Prates K, Ribeiro TA, Pavanello A, Jacinto Saavedra LP, Moreira VM, da Silva Silveira S, Martins IP, Francisco FA, Ferreira Junior MD, Alves VS, Tófolo LP, Previate C, da Silva Franco CC, Gomes RM, Palma-Rigo K, Malta A, de Freitas Mathias PC. Potential attenuation of early-life overfeeding-induced metabolic dysfunction by chronic maternal acetylcholinesterase inhibitor exposure. Toxicology 2019; 425:152250. [PMID: 31326399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that low concentration perinatal exposure to environmental contaminants, such as organophosphate (OP) is associated with later life insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this work was to investigate whether chronic maternal OP exposure exacerbates metabolic dysfunctions in early-overfed rats. During pregnancy and lactational periods, dams received OP by gavage. To induce neonatal overnutrition at postnatal day 3, pups were standardized to 9 or 3 per nest. At 90-days-old, glucose-insulin homeostasis and insulin release from pancreatic islets were analyzed. While both OP exposure and overfeeding alone did induce diabetogenic phenotypes in adulthood, there was no exacerbation in rats that experienced both. Unexpectedly, the group that experienced both had improved adiposity, metabolic parameters, attenuated insulin release from isolated islets in the presence of glucose and low function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, as well as an attenuation of beta cell mass hyperplasia. High levels of butyrylcholinesterase and low levels of insulin in milk may contribute to the OP-induced developmental programming. Our study showed that maternal OP exposure may program insulin release as well as endocrine pancreas structure, thus affecting metabolism in adulthood. Our data suggest that while perinatal OP exposure alone increases the risk for later life T2D, it actually reverses many of the programmed metabolic dysfunction that is induced by postnatal overfeeding. These surprising results may suggest that low-dose administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors could be of utility in preventing detrimental developmental programming that is caused by early-life overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Vander Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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Madan EM, Haas JD, Menon P, Gillespie S. Seasonal variation in the proximal determinants of undernutrition during the first 1000 days of life in rural South Asia: A comprehensive review. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Adedara IA, Klimaczewski CV, Barbosa NBV, Farombi EO, Souza DO, Rocha JBT. Influence of diphenyl diselenide on chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:52-9. [PMID: 26302912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) poses several harmful effects to human and animal health. The present study investigated the influence of diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) on CPF-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Firstly, the time course lethality response of virgin flies (2- to 3-day-old) to CPF (0.075-0.6μg/g) and DPDP (5-40μmol/kg) in the diet for 28 consecutive days were investigated. Subsequently, the protective effect of DPDS (10, 20 and 40μmol/kg) on CPF (0.15μg/g)-induced mortality, locomotor deficits, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress was assessed in a co-exposure paradigm for 7 days. Results showed that CPF exposure significantly decreased the percent live flies in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas the percent live flies with DPDS treatment was not statistically different from control following 28 days of treatment. In the co-exposure study, CPF significantly increased flies mortality while the survivors exhibited significant locomotor deficits with decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Dietary supplementation with DPDS was associated with marked decrease in mortality, improvement in locomotor activity and restoration of AChE activity in CPF-exposed flies. Moreover, CPF exposure significantly decreased catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, total thiol level with concomitant significant elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the head and body regions of the treated flies. Dietary supplementation with DPDS significantly improved the antioxidant status and prevented CPF-induced oxidative stress, thus demonstrating the protective effect of DPDS in CPF-treated flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Claudia V Klimaczewski
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilda B V Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pizzurro DM, Dao K, Costa LG. Diazinon and diazoxon impair the ability of astrocytes to foster neurite outgrowth in primary hippocampal neurons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:372-82. [PMID: 24342266 PMCID: PMC3916905 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from in vivo and epidemiological studies suggests that organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are developmental neurotoxicants, but possible underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Astrocytes are increasingly recognized for their active role in normal neuronal development. This study sought to investigate whether the widely-used OP diazinon (DZ), and its oxygen metabolite diazoxon (DZO), would affect glial-neuronal interactions as a potential mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity. Specifically, we investigated the effects of DZ and DZO on the ability of astrocytes to foster neurite outgrowth in primary hippocampal neurons. The results show that both DZ and DZO adversely affect astrocyte function, resulting in inhibited neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. This effect appears to be mediated by oxidative stress, as indicated by OP-induced increased reactive oxygen species production in astrocytes and prevention of neurite outgrowth inhibition by antioxidants. The concentrations of OPs were devoid of cytotoxicity, and cause limited acetylcholinesterase inhibition in astrocytes (18 and 25% for DZ and DZO, respectively). Among astrocytic neuritogenic factors, the most important one is the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. DZ and DZO decreased levels of fibronectin in astrocytes, and this effect was also attenuated by antioxidants. Underscoring the importance of fibronectin in this context, adding exogenous fibronectin to the co-culture system successfully prevented inhibition of neurite outgrowth caused by DZ and DZO. These results indicate that DZ and DZO increase oxidative stress in astrocytes, and this in turn modulates astrocytic fibronectin, leading to impaired neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M. Pizzurro
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucio G. Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Sankhwar ML, Yadav RS, Shukla RK, Singh D, Ansari RW, Pant AB, Parmar D, Khanna VK. Monocrotophos induced oxidative stress and alterations in brain dopamine and serotonin receptors in young rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:422-36. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713500834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide, could occur due to its high use in agriculture to protect crops. Recently, we found that postlactational exposure to monocrotophos impaired cholinergic mechanisms in young rats and such changes persisted even after withdrawal of monocrotophos exposure. In continuation to this, the effect of monocrotophos on noncholinergic targets and role of oxidative stress in its neurotoxicity has been studied. Exposure of rats from postnatal day (PD)22 to PD49 to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg kg−1 body weight, perorally) significantly impaired motor activity and motor coordination on PD50 as compared to controls. A significant decrease in the binding of 3H-spiperone to striatal membrane (26%, p < 0.01; 30%, p < 0.05) in rats exposed to monocrotophos at both the doses and increase in the binding of 3H-ketanserin to frontocortical membrane (14%, p > 0.05; 37%, p < 0.05) in those exposed at a higher dose, respectively, was observed on PD50 compared with the controls. Alterations in the binding persisted even after withdrawal of monocrotophos exposure on PD65. Increased oxidative stress in brain regions following exposure of rats to monocrotophos was also observed on PD50 that persisted 15 days after withdrawal of exposure on PD65. The results suggest that monocrotophos exerts its neurobehavioral toxicity by affecting noncholinergic functions involving dopaminergic and serotonergic systems associated with enhanced oxidative stress. The results also exhibit vulnerability of developing brain to monocrotophos as most of the changes persisted even after withdrawal of its exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu L Sankhwar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh S Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reyaz W Ansari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya B Pant
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Wickremasinghe AR, Peiris-John R, Nandasena S, Delzell E, Tipre M, Sathiakumar N. Capacity building in environmental and occupational health in Sri Lanka. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:1-10. [PMID: 22213343 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although environmental and occupational health (EOH) research and services in Sri Lanka have a long history, policies related to EOH are outdated. METHODS We review the International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (ITREOH) program in Sri Lanka that commenced in 2006 as a collaboration between the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. RESULTS The program has trained over 20 scientists in conducting EOH research. New pioneering research in EOH was initiated. The program was instrumental in furthering the training and research in EOH by initiating a MPH degree program, the first in the country. CONCLUSIONS The program has established North-South, South-South and in-country collaborations between institutions and scientists, increasing the visibility of EOH in the future.
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Huen K, Bradman A, Harley K, Yousefi P, Barr DB, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Organophosphate pesticide levels in blood and urine of women and newborns living in an agricultural community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 117:8-16. [PMID: 22683313 PMCID: PMC4309544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are widely used and recent studies suggest associations of in utero exposures with adverse birth outcomes and neurodevelopment. Few studies have characterized organophosphate pesticides in human plasma or established how these levels correlate to urinary measurements. We measured organophosphate pesticide metabolites in maternal urine and chlorpyrifos and diazinon in maternal and cord plasma of subjects living in an agricultural area to compare levels in two different biological matrices. We also determined paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genotypes (PON1(192) and PON1(-108)) and PON1 substrate-specific activities in mothers and their newborns to examine whether PON1 may affect organophosphate pesticide measurements in blood and urine. Chlorpyrifos levels in plasma ranged from 0-1,726 ng/mL and non-zero levels were measured in 70.5% and 87.5% of maternal and cord samples, respectively. Diazinon levels were lower (0-0.5 ng/mL); non-zero levels were found in 33.3% of maternal plasma and 47.3% of cord plasma. Significant associations between organophosphate pesticide levels in blood and metabolite levels in urine were limited to models adjusting for PON1 levels. Increased maternal PON1 levels were associated with decreased odds of chlorpyrifos and diazinon detection (odds ratio(OR): 0.56 and 0.75, respectively). Blood organophosphate pesticide levels of study participants were similar in mothers and newborns and slightly higher than those reported in other populations. However, compared to their mothers, newborns have much lower quantities of the detoxifying PON1 enzyme suggesting that infants may be especially vulnerable to organophosphate pesticide exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kim Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul Yousefi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Claudia Nance Rollins Bldg, Room 2007, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Agarwal A, Aponte-Mellado A, Premkumar BJ, Shaman A, Gupta S. The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:49. [PMID: 22748101 PMCID: PMC3527168 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 864] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), a state characterized by an imbalance between pro-oxidant molecules including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antioxidant defenses, has been identified to play a key role in the pathogenesis of subfertility in both males and females. The adverse effects of OS on sperm quality and functions have been well documented. In females, on the other hand, the impact of OS on oocytes and reproductive functions remains unclear. This imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can lead to a number of reproductive diseases such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preeclampsia, can also develop in response to OS. Studies have shown that extremes of body weight and lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and recreational drug use can promote excess free radical production, which could affect fertility. Exposures to environmental pollutants are of increasing concern, as they too have been found to trigger oxidative states, possibly contributing to female infertility. This article will review the currently available literature on the roles of reactive species and OS in both normal and abnormal reproductive physiological processes. Antioxidant supplementation may be effective in controlling the production of ROS and continues to be explored as a potential strategy to overcome reproductive disorders associated with infertility. However, investigations conducted to date have been through animal or in vitro studies, which have produced largely conflicting results. The impact of OS on assisted reproductive techniques (ART) will be addressed, in addition to the possible benefits of antioxidant supplementation of ART culture media to increase the likelihood for ART success. Future randomized controlled clinical trials on humans are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which OS affects female reproductive abilities, and will facilitate further explorations of the possible benefits of antioxidants to treat infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Beena J Premkumar
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amani Shaman
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sajal Gupta
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Buzanska L, Sypecka J, Nerini-Molteni S, Compagnoni A, Hogberg HT, del Torchio R, Domanska-Janik K, Zimmer J, Coecke S. A human stem cell-based model for identifying adverse effects of organic and inorganic chemicals on the developing nervous system. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2591-601. [PMID: 19609937 DOI: 10.1002/stem.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate whether a human neural stem cell line derived from umbilical cord blood (HUCB-NSC) can serve as a reliable test model for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). We assessed the sensitivity of HUCB-NSCs at different developmental stages to a panel of neurotoxic (sodium tellurite, methylmercury chloride, cadmium chloride, chlorpyrifos, and L-glutamate) and non-neurotoxic (acetaminophen, theophylline, and D-glutamate) compounds. In addition, we investigated the effect of some compounds on key neurodevelopmental processes like cell proliferation, apoptotic cell death, and neuronal and glial differentiation. Less differentiated HUCB-NSCs were generally more sensitive to neurotoxicants, with the notable exception of L-glutamate, which showed a higher toxicity to later stages. The relative potencies of the compounds were: cadmium chloride > methylmercury chloride >> chlorpyrifos >> L-glutamate. Fifty nanomolar methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in early-stage cells. At the differentiated stage, 1 muM MeHgCl induced selective loss of S100 beta-expressing astrocytic cells. One millimolar L-glutamate did not influence the early stages of HUCB-NSC development, but it affected late stages of neuronal differentiation. A valuable system for in vitro DNT assessment should be able to discriminate between neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic compounds and show different susceptibilities to chemicals according to developmental stage and cell lineage. Although not exhaustive, this work shows that the HUCB-NSC model fulfils these criteria and may serve as a human in vitro model for DNT priority setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Buzanska
- NeuroRepair Department, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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