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Lecca M, Mauri L, Gana S, Del Longo A, Morelli F, Nicotra R, Plumari M, Galli J, Sirchia F, Valente EM, Cavallari U, Mazza M, Signorini S, Errichiello E. Novel molecular, structural and clinical findings in an Italian cohort of congenital cataract. Clin Genet 2024; 106:403-412. [PMID: 38840272 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The current genetic diagnostic workup of congenital cataract (CC) is mainly based on NGS panels, whereas exome sequencing (ES) has occasionally been employed. In this multicentre study, we investigated by ES the detection yield, mutational spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in a CC cohort recruited between 2020 and mid-2022. The cohort consisted of 67 affected individuals from 51 unrelated families and included both non-syndromic (75%) and syndromic (25%) phenotypes, with extra-CC ocular/visual features present in both groups (48% and 76%, respectively). The functional effect of variants was predicted by 3D modelling and hydropathy properties changes. Variant clustering was used for the in-depth assessment of genotype-phenotype correlations. A diagnostic (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) variant was identified in 19 out of 51 probands/families (~37%). In a further 14 probands/families a candidate variant was identified: in 12 families a VUS was detected, of which 9 were considered plausibly pathogenic (i.e., 4 or 5 points according to ACMG criteria), while in 2 probands ES identified a single variant in an autosomal recessive gene associated with CC. Eighteen probands/families, manifesting primarily non-syndromic CC (15/18, 83%), remained unsolved. The identified variants (8 P, 12 LP, 10 VUS-PP, and 5 VUS), half of which were unreported in the literature, affected five functional categories of genes involved in transcription/splicing, lens formation/homeostasis (i.e., crystallin genes), membrane signalling, cell-cell interaction, and immune response. A phenotype-specific variant clustering was observed in four genes (KIF1A, MAF, PAX6, SPTAN1), whereas variable expressivity and potential phenotypic expansion in two (BCOR, NHS) and five genes (CWC27, KIF1A, IFIH1, PAX6, SPTAN1), respectively. Finally, ES allowed to detect variants in six genes not commonly included in commercial CC panels. These findings broaden the genotype-phenotype correlations in one of the largest CC cohorts tested by ES, providing novel insights into the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and emphasising the power of ES as first-tier test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lecca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Mauri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gana
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Longo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Nicotra
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Plumari
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo Cavallari
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mazza
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Errichiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Oncu S, Becit-Kizilkaya M, Bilir A, Saritas A, Arikan-Soylemez ES, Koca HB, Firat F, Ugur-Kaplan AB, Yilmaz MA. Anti-Cataract Effect of the Traditional Aqueous Extract of Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.): An In Ovo Perspective. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:994. [PMID: 39202736 PMCID: PMC11355064 DOI: 10.3390/life14080994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic effect of different doses of the traditional aqueous extract of dried leaves of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) was investigated in an experimental cataract model in chicken embryos. METHODS AND RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification and quantification of 53 metabolites. In the hydrocortisone-induced cataract model, lenses were examined morphologically after treatment and parameters related to oxidative stress (total antioxidant/oxidant status (TAS/TOS), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were evaluated. Antiproliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 H-scores were determined and crystallin alpha A (CRYAA) gene expression in the lenses was measured by RT-PCR. The degree of cataract decreased in all treatment groups. While there was no significant difference in TAS levels compared to the negative control, TOS, GSH, and MDA levels were dose-dependently regulated. Treatment groups other than the high-dose group regulated the decrease in PCNA and the increase in caspase-3. CRYAA gene expression increased significantly only at the lowest dose. CONCLUSION YM, which is becoming increasingly popular as a traditional tea, showed a therapeutic effect on hydrocortisone-induced cataracts in chicken embryos at relatively low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Oncu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Merve Becit-Kizilkaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Bilir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Alperen Saritas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Evrim Suna Arikan-Soylemez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Halit Bugra Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Fatma Firat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Afife Busra Ugur-Kaplan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
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Vurmaz A, Ertekin A, Sabaner MC, Atay E, Bozkurt E, Bilir A. Effects of vitamin E in a glucocorticoid induced cataract model in chicken embryos. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:431-438. [PMID: 32957855 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1818284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidant effects of vitamin E on a glucocorticoid (GC) induced model of cataracts in chick embryos. We used 70 fertilized eggs divided into seven groups as follows: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, olive oil treatment (OO) group, hydrocortisone treatment (HC) group, olive oil and hydrocortisone treatment (OO + HC) group, 50 mg/kg vitamin E and hydrocortisone treatment (HC + VE (50)) group, 25 mg/kg vitamin E and hydrocortisone treatment (HC + VE (25)) group and 15 mg/kg vitamin E and hydrocortisone treatment (HC + VE (15)) group. On day 17, chick embryos were removed from the eggs and lens and liver tissues were excised. Cataract formation was evaluated and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in lens and liver tissues; MDA was measured only in liver. The lenses in the HC + VE (50) group exhibited significantly higher levels of GPx and TAS, and lower levels of TOS than for HC and OO + HC groups. The livers of the HC + VE (50) group exhibited significantly higher levels of GPx and lower levels of MDA than for the HC and OO + HC groups. The HC + VE (50) group lenses were evaluated as grade 1, because the nuclei were completely free of cataracts, likely due to the antioxidative effect of high dose VE. VE is an effective antioxidant agent that exhibits a dose-response effect, for ameliorating the negative effects of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vurmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - A Ertekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - M Cem Sabaner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - E Atay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - E Bozkurt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - A Bilir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Yıldız A, Şehitoğlu MH, Karaboğa İ, Arıkan S. Ozone treatment for high-dose systemic Steroid-Induced retinal injury. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:274-280. [PMID: 32619116 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1790590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of high-dose systemic steroids on retinal tissues and the effectiveness of ozone (O3) therapy. METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups of eight. Group 1 was accepted as the control group, Group 2 received intramuscular 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate and Group 3 received 14 sessions of ozone treatment in addition to methylprednisolone acetate. The subjects were sacrificed on the 30th day. Retinal tissues were removed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were evaluated for tissue biochemistry and serum ischaemic modified albumin (IMA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were evaluated with the ELISA method. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL evaluation for apoptosis were evaluated as histopathological methods. RESULTS In the treatment group, antioxidant parameters of TAS, SOD and CAT were higher, oxidative and ischaemic parameters of MDA, TOS and IMA were lower, inflammatory parameters of IL-6 and TNF-α were lower, retinal thickness was better and apoptosis amount was lower. CONCLUSION Apoptosis increases in retinal tissues due to high dose systemic steroid administration and the retina becomes thinner. With biochemical examination, oxidation parameters increased while antioxidant parameters decreased. Both histopathological and biochemical parameters improved significantly with ozone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Yıldız
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Müşerref Hilal Şehitoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Health School, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Sedat Arıkan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Vurmaz A, Duman R, Sabaner MC, Ertekin T, Bilir A. Antioxidant effects of piperine in in-vivo chick embryo cataract model induced by steroids. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:182-189. [PMID: 30678496 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1570521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The etiopathogenesis of steroid-induced cataracts is unknown. One hypothesis is that the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including the evolution of cataracts. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of piperine in our steroid-induced chick embryo lens model. METHODS The study included 36 specific pathogen-free (SPF) fertilized eggs divided into six groups: phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4 Saline Solution (0.9%) isotonic) group (G1), hydrocortisone succinate sodium (HC)-treated group (G2), 100 mg/kg piperine and HC treated group (G3), 50 mg/kg piperine and HC treated group (G4), 25 mg/kg piperine and HC treated group (G5), and 10 mg/kg piperine and HC treated group (G6). On the 15th day of incubation, the SPF eggs in the six groups were removed from the incubator; all were injected using insulin injectors into the chorioallantoic membrane. On day 17, all of the chick embryos were removed from the eggs and all lenses were dissected from the embryos. Cataract formation was evaluated in all lenses, and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (MDA, malondialdehyde) levels were measured in all lens. RESULTS The lenses in the G1 group had higher levels of GSH and TAS (p < 0.01), and lower levels of MDA and TOS than the G2 group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Group 3 had higher levels of GSH and TAS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively), and lower levels of MDA and TOS than the G2 group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Steroid therapy causes a decrease in GSH and TAS levels and an increase in TOS and MDA levels in lens tissues, indicating increased oxidative stress. Piperine exerts its effects as an antioxidant substance, in increasing doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Vurmaz
- a The Department of the Biochemistry , Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Reşat Duman
- b The Department of the Ophthalmology , Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cem Sabaner
- b The Department of the Ophthalmology , Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Tolga Ertekin
- c The Department of the Anatomy , Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Abdülkadir Bilir
- c The Department of the Anatomy , Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
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