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Nasser R, Ibrahim E, Fouad H, Ahmad F, Li W, Zhou Q, Yu T, Chidwala N, Mo J. Termiticidal, biochemical, and morpho-histological effects of botanical based nanoemulsion against a subterranean termite, Odontotermes Formosanus Shiraki. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1292272. [PMID: 38259939 PMCID: PMC10800573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1292272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the use of nanopesticides has shown significant efficacy in the control of many pests. However, the effect of nanopesticides, especially nanoemulsions, on suppressing termites, Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki, 1909) (O. formosanus), has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to produce nanoemulsions of the essential oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill; E-EO) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt; N-EO) to suppress O. formosanus. The analysis of eucalyptus nanoemulsion (E-NE) and nutmeg nanoemulsion (N-NE) was confirmed by using UV-Vis, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In addition, chemical analysis by Gas Chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) exhibited the major constituents of E-NE and N-NE. The principal chemical components of E-NE included D-limonene, eucalyptol, 1,5-cyclooctadiene,3,4-dimethyl, benzene, and 1-methyl-3-(1 methylethyl)-, while the main constituents in N-NE were cyclohexane,1-methylene-4-(1 methylethenyl)-, eucalyptol, and L-. alpha. -terpineol. The mortality rates were 100% and 99.53%, respectively, after 24 hours of treatment with a concentration of 140 mg/mL, compared to 23.43% and 43.55%, respectively, from E-EO and N-EO treatment. These results refer to the essential oils' nanoemulsion as far more effective than the essential oils themselves. Furthermore, the effects of E-NE and N-NE on detoxification enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatase were investigated, as well as total protein concentrations, and the results have been found to be significantly increasing or decreasing in comparison with control. Besides, histological and morphological alterations found post exposure to E-NE and N-NE were shown. Overall, the results from this study clearly indicate that the nanopesticide-formulated nanoemulsions may have great potential to be used as novel, environmentally safe insecticides for controlling O. formosanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Nasser
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Ezzeldin Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Vegetable Diseases Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Fouad
- Department of Field Crop Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wuhan Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihuan Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nooney Chidwala
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianchu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Arokiyaraj C, Bhattacharyya K, Reddy SGE. Toxicity and synergistic activity of compounds from essential oils and their effect on detoxification enzymes against Planococcus lilacinus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1016737. [PMID: 36352862 PMCID: PMC9638053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1016737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mealybug, Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell, is a primary surface-feeding insect pest of fruit and flowering plants and also transmits plant viruses, resulting in economic crop loss. Inappropriate and recurrent use of pesticides for mealybug control results in resistance building and deleterious effects on humans and the environment. Essential oils are the most excellent choice for insecticides. Insecticidal activities of pure compounds of essential oils against P. lilacinus are not reported. The present study aims to study the insecticidal activities of some pure active compounds and their binary mixture's action by topical application against P. lilacinus. Results showed that the pure compounds of L-limonene, β-myrcene, and ocimene revealed toxicity (each at LD50 = 0.37 µg/insect) after 96 h. The binary mixtures of geraniol + L-menthol and L-limonene + geraniol exhibited synergistic effects (each at LD50 = 0.03 µg/insect) after 96 h. The monoterpenes of ocimene and β-myrcene at the higher concentration of 5,000 ppm substantially inhibited the detoxification enzyme activities of AChE (0.93 and 0.78 mU/mg, respectively) and GST (2.19 and 7.29 nmol/min/ml, respectively) in P. lilacinus after 48 h. SEM analysis reported the significant anomalies on the morphology of abdominal cuticle, setae, and thoracic leg after 96-h treatment with ocimene at 1,250 ppm against P. lilacinus. Based on the results, the tested pure compounds and their combinations can be suggested for the control of mealybugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Arokiyaraj
- Entomology Laboratory, Agro-Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Kangkanjyoti Bhattacharyya
- Entomology Laboratory, Agro-Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sajjalavarahalli G. Eswara Reddy
- Entomology Laboratory, Agro-Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Dolma SK, Singh PP, Reddy SGE. Insecticidal and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Leaf/Bark Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds from Triadica sebifera (L.) Small against Aphis craccivora Koch. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061967. [PMID: 35335330 PMCID: PMC8954943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major sap-sucking insect pest of leguminous crops and also transmits plant viruses, leading to economic yield loss. Indiscriminate and repeated use of insecticides for control of aphid leads to the development of resistance, and is harmful to the environment, non-target organisms, etc. Plant-based extracts/seed oils (SO) are the best alternatives to insecticides. Insecticidal activities of Triadica sebifera have not been reported against A. craccivora and other insect pests to date. In the current study, the main objective was to study the insecticidal activities of leaf/bark extracts/fractions, seed oil, isolated compounds, and their combinations against A. craccivora. Results showed that, among the extracts, ethanolic bark extract 80% (LC50 = 5115.98 mg/L) was more effective against A. craccivora. Among fractions, the n-hexane fraction of leaves (LC50 = 425.73 mg/L) and the ethyl acetate fraction of bark (LC50 = 813.45 mg/L) were promising. Among compounds, gallic acid was the most effective (LC50 = 1303.68 mg/L) compared to shikimic acid and quercetin. SO (LC50 = 850.94 mg/L) was superior compared to extracts/fractions/compounds. All the combinations showed toxicity and synergistic activity. Leaf/bark extracts and SO significantly inhibited the AChE and GST activity in A. craccivora. Based on field bio-efficacy, the leaf extract/SO or their combinations can be recommended for the control of aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudh Kirti Dolma
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India;
| | - Sajjalavarahalli G. Eswara Reddy
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: or
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