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Daba G, Daelemans R, Berecha G, Geerinck MWJ, Verreth C, Crauwels S, Lievens B, Honnay O. Genetic diversity and structure of the coffee leaf rust fungus Hemileia vastatrix across different coffee management systems in Ethiopia. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:525-534. [PMID: 37507629 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Although coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix, poses an increasing threat to coffee production in Ethiopia, little is known regarding its genetic diversity and structure and how these are affected by coffee management. Here, we used genetic fingerprinting based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to genotype H. vastatrix samples from different coffee shrubs, across 40 sites, covering four coffee production systems (forest coffee, semi plantation coffee, home garden coffee, and plantation coffee) and different altitudes in Ethiopia. In total, 96 H. vastatrix samples were successfully genotyped with three primer combinations, producing a total of 79 scorable bands. We found 35.44% of amplified bands to be polymorphic, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.45, suggesting high genetic diversity among our CLR isolates. We also found significant isolation-by-distance across the samples investigated and detected significant differences in fungal genetic composition among plantation coffee and home garden coffee and a marginally significant difference among plantation coffee and forest coffee. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of altitude on CLR genetic composition in the forest coffee and plantation systems. Our results suggest that both spore dispersal and different selection pressures in the different coffee management systems are likely responsible for the observed high genetic diversity and genetic structure of CLR isolates in Ethiopia. When selecting Ethiopian coffee genotypes for crop improvement, it is important that these genotypes carry some resistance against CLR. Because our study shows large variation in genetic composition across relatively short geographical distances, a broad selection of rust isolates must be used for coffee resistance screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerba Daba
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Robin Daelemans
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Gezahegn Berecha
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Margot W J Geerinck
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Christel Verreth
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sam Crauwels
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
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Rodrigues ASB, Silva DN, Várzea V, Paulo OS, Batista D. Worldwide Population Structure of the Coffee Rust Fungus Hemileia vastatrix Is Strongly Shaped by Local Adaptation and Breeding History. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1998-2011. [PMID: 35322716 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0376-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The devastating disease coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, has been a major constraint to worldwide coffee production. Recently, H. vastatrix populations were shown to be structured into three divergent genetic lineages with marked host specialization (C1, C2, and C3). However, there is yet no overall understanding of the population dynamics and adaptation of the most widespread and epidemiological relevant H. vastatrix group (C3). We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to generate 13,804 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a worldwide collection of 99 H. vastatrix isolates. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered a well-supported structuring within C3, with three main subgroups (SGs; SGI, SGII, and SGIII), which seem to reflect the historical distribution, breeding, and exchange of coffee cultivars. SGI shows a ladder-like diversification pattern and occurs across all four continents sampled, SGII is mainly restricted to Africa, and SGIII is observed only in Timor, revealing a higher genetic differentiation. Outlier and association tests globally identified 112 SNPs under putative positive selection, which impacted population structure. In particular, 29 overlapping SNPs per se seemed to have an extremely strong effect on H. vastatrix population divergence. We also found exclusive and fixed alleles associated with the SGs supporting local adaptation. Functional annotation revealed that transposable elements may play a role in host adaptation. Our study provides a higher-resolution perspective on the evolutionary history of H. vastatrix on cultivated coffee, showing its strong ability to adapt and the strength of the selective force imposed by coffee hosts, which should be taken into account when designing strategies for pathogen dissemination control and selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia B Rodrigues
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Nuno Silva
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC)/Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Várzea
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC)/Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC)/Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
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Ramírez-Camejo LA, Eamvijarn A, Díaz-Valderrama JR, Karlsen-Ayala E, Koch RA, Johnson E, Pruvot-Woehl S, Mejía LC, Montagnon C, Maldonado-Fuentes C, Aime MC. Global Analysis of Hemileia vastatrix Populations Shows Clonal Reproduction for the Coffee Leaf Rust Pathogen Throughout Most of Its Range. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:643-652. [PMID: 34428920 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0255-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemileia vastatrix is the most important fungal pathogen of coffee and the causal agent of recurrent disease epidemics that have invaded nearly every coffee growing region in the world. The development of coffee varieties resistant to H. vastatrix requires fundamental understanding of the biology of the fungus. However, the complete life cycle of H. vastatrix remains unknown, and conflicting studies and interpretations exist as to whether the fungus is undergoing sexual reproduction. Here we used population genetics of H. vastatrix to infer the reproductive mode of the fungus across most of its geographic range, including Central Africa, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and South and Central America. The population structure of H. vastatrix was determined via eight simple sequence repeat markers developed for this study. The analyses of the standardized index of association, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and clonal richness all strongly support asexual reproduction of H. vastatrix in all sampled areas. Similarly, a minimum spanning network tree reinforces the interpretation of clonal reproduction in the sampled H. vastatrix populations. These findings may have profound implications for resistance breeding and management programs against H. vastatrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ramírez-Camejo
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA AIP), City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Amnat Eamvijarn
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A
- Department of Agriculture, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jorge R Díaz-Valderrama
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A
| | - Elena Karlsen-Ayala
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Rachel A Koch
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Hope Gardens, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Luis C Mejía
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | | | | | - M Catherine Aime
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A
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Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) from the Recent Invasion into Hawaii Shares a Genotypic Relationship with Latin American Populations. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020189. [PMID: 35205944 PMCID: PMC8877902 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawaii has long been one of the last coffee-producing regions of the world free of coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease, which is caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix. However, CLR was detected in coffee farms and feral coffee on the island of Maui in February 2020 and subsequently on other islands of the Hawaiian archipelago. The source of the outbreak in Hawaii is not known, and CLR could have entered Hawaii from more than 50 coffee-producing nations that harbor the pathogen. To determine the source(s) of the Hawaii inoculum, we analyzed a set of eleven simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) generated from Hawaii isolates within a dataset of 434 CLR isolates collected from 17 countries spanning both old and new world populations, and then conducted a minimum spanning network (MSN) analysis to trace the most likely pathway that H. vastatrix could have taken to Hawaii. Forty-two multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of H. vastatrix were found in the global dataset, with all isolates from Hawaii assignable to MLG 10 or derived from it. MLG 10 is widespread in Central America and Jamaica, making this region the most probable source of inoculum for the outbreak in Hawaii. An examination of global weather patterns during the months preceding the introduction of CLR makes it unlikely that the pathogen was windborne to the islands. Likely scenarios for the introduction of CLR to Hawaii are the accidental introduction of spores or infected plant material by travelers or seasonal workers, or improperly fumigated coffee shipments originating from Central America or the Caribbean islands.
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Silva DN, Várzea V, Paulo OS, Batista D. Population genomic footprints of host adaptation, introgression and recombination in coffee leaf rust. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1742-1753. [PMID: 29328532 PMCID: PMC6638104 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), represents the biggest threat to coffee production worldwide and ranks amongst the most serious fungal diseases in history. Despite a recent series of outbreaks and emergence of hypervirulent strains, the population evolutionary history and potential of this pathogen remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to generate ∼19 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a worldwide collection of 37 Hv samples. Contrary to the long-standing idea that Hv represents a genetically unstructured and cosmopolitan species, our results reveal the existence of a cryptic species complex with marked host tropism. Using phylogenetic and pathological data, we show that one of these lineages (C3) infects almost exclusively the most economically valuable coffee species (tetraploids that include Coffea arabica and interspecific hybrids), whereas the other lineages (C1 and C2) are severely maladapted to these hosts, but successfully infect diploid coffee species. Population dynamic analyses suggest that the C3 group may be a recent 'domesticated' lineage that emerged via host shift from diploid coffee hosts. We also found evidence of recombination occurring within this group, which could explain the high pace of pathotype emergence despite the low genetic variation. Moreover, genomic footprints of introgression between the C3 and C2 groups were discovered and raise the possibility that virulence factors may be quickly exchanged between groups with different pathogenic abilities. This work advances our understanding of the evolutionary strategies used by plant pathogens in agro-ecosystems with direct and far-reaching implications for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Nuno Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG)Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaOeirasPortugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaOeirasPortugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Octávio Salgueiro Paulo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG)Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG)Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaOeirasPortugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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Talhinhas P, Batista D, Diniz I, Vieira A, Silva DN, Loureiro A, Tavares S, Pereira AP, Azinheira HG, Guerra‐Guimarães L, Várzea V, Silva MDC. The coffee leaf rust pathogen Hemileia vastatrix: one and a half centuries around the tropics. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1039-1051. [PMID: 27885775 PMCID: PMC6638270 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY AND HISTORY Hemileia vastatrix Berk. and Broome (Basidiomycota, Pucciniales) was described in 1869 in eastern Africa and Ceylon as the agent of coffee leaf rust and has spread to all coffee cultivation areas worldwide. Major disease outbreaks in Asia, Africa and America caused and continue to cause severe yield losses, making this the most important disease of Arabica coffee, a cash crop for many tropical and sub-tropical countries. LIFE CYCLE AND DISEASE SYMPTOMS Hemileia vastatrix is a hemicyclic fungus with the urediniosporic life cycle as its most important (if not only) source of inoculum. Chlorotic spots are the first macroscopic symptoms, preceding the differentiation of suprastomatal, bouquet-shaped, orange-coloured uredinia. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 35% and have a polyetic epidemiological impact on subsequent years. DISEASE CONTROL Although the use of fungicides is one of the preferred immediate control measures, the use of resistant cultivars is considered to be the most effective and durable disease control strategy. The discovery of 'Híbrido de Timor' provided sources of resistance that have been used in several breeding programmes and that have been proven to be effective and durable, as some have been in use for more than 30 years. GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MOLECULAR PATHOGENICITY Although exhibiting limited genetic polymorphism, the very large genome of H. vastatrix (c. 797 Mbp) conceals great pathological diversity, with more than 50 physiological races. Gene expression studies have revealed a very precocious activation of signalling pathways and production of putative effectors, suggesting that the plant-fungus dialogue starts as early as at the germ tube stage, and have provided clues for the identification of avr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Talhinhas
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Inês Diniz
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Diogo N. Silva
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Andreia Loureiro
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Sílvia Tavares
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pereira
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
| | - Helena G. Azinheira
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra‐Guimarães
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Vítor Várzea
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
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Gally M, Ramos AM, Dokmetzian D, Lopez SE. Genetic variability of Phytophthora sojae isolates from Argentina. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2007.11832519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gally
- Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Silvia Edith Lopez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ashu EE, Xu J. The roles of sexual and asexual reproduction in the origin and dissemination of strains causing fungal infectious disease outbreaks. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:199-209. [PMID: 26394109 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction commonly refers to the reproductive process in which genomes from two sources are combined into a single cell through mating and then the zygote genomes are partitioned to progeny cells through meiosis. Reproduction in the absence of mating and meiosis is referred to as asexual or clonal reproduction. One major advantage of sexual reproduction is that it generates genetic variation among progeny which may allow for faster adaptation of the population to novel and/or stressful environments. However, adaptation to stressful or new environments can still occur through mutation, in the absence of sex. In this review, we analyzed the relative contributions of sexual and asexual reproduction in the origin and spread of strains causing fungal infectious diseases outbreaks. The necessity of sex and the ability of asexual fungi to initiate outbreaks are discussed. We propose a framework that relates the modes of reproduction to the origin and propagation of fungal disease outbreaks. Our analyses suggest that both sexual and asexual reproduction can play critical roles in the origin of outbreak strains and that the rapid spread of outbreak strains is often accomplished through asexual expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eta Ebasi Ashu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Ravash R, Shiran B, Alavi AA, Bayat F, Rajaee S, Zervakis GI. Genetic variability and molecular phylogeny of Pleurotus eryngii species-complex isolates from Iran, and notes on the systematics of Asiatic populations. Mycol Prog 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-009-0624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Silva MDC, Várzea V, Guerra-Guimarães L, Azinheira HG, Fernandez D, Petitot AS, Bertrand B, Lashermes P, Nicole M. Coffee resistance to the main diseases: leaf rust and coffee berry disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202006000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considerable success has been obtained in the use of classical breeding to control economically important plant diseases, such as the coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry disease (CBD). There is a strong consensus that growing genetically resistant varieties is the most appropriate cost effective means of managing plant diseases and is one of the key components of crop improvement. It has also been recognized that a better knowledge of both, the pathogens and the plant defence mechanisms will allow the development of novel approaches to enhance the durability of resistance. After a brief description of concepts in the field of plant disease resistance, we attempt to give a view of the research progress on coffee leaf rust and CBD concerned with the pathogens infection and variability, coffee breeding for resistance and coffee resistance mechanisms.
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