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Peng X, Zhang J, Xiao P. Photopolymerization Approach to Advanced Polymer Composites: Integration of Surface-Modified Nanofillers for Enhanced Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400178. [PMID: 38843462 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of functionalized nanofillers into polymers via photopolymerization approach has gained significant attention in recent years due to the unique properties of the resulting composite materials. Surface modification of nanofillers plays a crucial role in their compatibility and polymerization behavior within the polymer matrix during photopolymerization. This review focuses on the recent developments in surface modification of various nanofillers, enabling their integration into polymer systems through photopolymerization. The review discusses the key aspects of surface modification of nanofillers, including the selection of suitable surface modifiers, such as photoinitiators and polymerizable groups, as well as the optimization of modification conditions to achieve desired surface properties. The influence of surface modification on the interfacial interactions between nanofillers and the polymer matrix is also explored, as it directly impacts the final properties of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the review highlights the applications of nanocomposites prepared by photopolymerization, such as sensors, gas separation membranes, purification systems, optical devices, and biomedical materials. By providing a comprehensive overview of the surface modification strategies and their impact on the photopolymerization process and the resulting nanocomposite properties, this review aims to inspire new research directions and innovative ideas in the development of high-performance polymer nanocomposites for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Peng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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2
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Zielinski D, Szpecht A, Kukawka R, Dzialkowska J, Pietrowski M, Zielinski M, Palacz M, Nadobna P, Smiglak M. Supported Ionic Liquid-Phase Materials (SILP) as a Multifunctional Group of Highly Stable Modifiers and Hardeners for Carbon and Flax Epoxy Composites. Chempluschem 2024:e202400193. [PMID: 38619388 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance epoxy resin formulations by using SILP materials as multifunctional hardeners and fillers in composite structures reinforced with carbon and flax fibers. This study explores the integration of ionic liquids (ILs) onto a silica support structure, presenting various permutations involving silica selection, ionic liquid choice, and concentration. The focus of this study was to elucidate the influence of SILP on resin curing ability and the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Detailed research was conducted, including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET) for SILP materials and curing characterization for epoxy resin formulations with different SILP materials. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the obtained composites were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis (SEM) (the force at break, the maximum elongation at break, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity). Through SILP incorporation, the mechanical properties of composites, including the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, are substantially improved, a phenomenon akin to traditional filler effects. The findings highlight SILP materials as prospective candidates for concurrent hardening and filling roles within composites (through a single-step procedure, with prolonged storage stability and controlled processing conditions), particularly pertinent as the composite industry veers toward epoxy bioresins necessitating liquefaction via temperature application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrea Szpecht
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafal Kukawka
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Dzialkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Zielinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Palacz
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Nadobna
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
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3
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Optimization of vanillin bis epoxy coating properties by changing resin composition and photocuring conditions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Ribas-Massonis A, Cicujano M, Duran J, Besalú E, Poater A. Free-Radical Photopolymerization for Curing Products for Refinish Coatings Market. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142856. [PMID: 35890631 PMCID: PMC9324147 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though there are many photocurable compositions that are cured by cationic photopolymerization mechanisms, UV curing generally consists of the formation of cross-linking covalent bonds between a resin and monomers via a photoinitiated free radical polymerization reaction, obtaining a three-dimensional polymer network. One of its many applications is in the refinish coatings market, where putties, primers and clear coats can be cured faster and more efficiently than with traditional curing. All these products contain the same essential components, which are resin, monomers and photoinitiators, the latter being the source of free radicals. They may also include additives used to achieve a certain consistency, but always taking into account the avoidance of damage to the UV curing—for example, by removing light from the innermost layers. Surface curing also has its challenges since it can be easily inhibited by oxygen, although this can be solved by adding scavengers such as amines or thiols, able to react with the otherwise inactive peroxy radicals and continue the propagation of the polymerization reaction. In this review article, we cover a broad analysis from the organic point of view to the industrial applications of this line of research, with a wide current and future range of uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Ribas-Massonis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Magalí Cicujano
- Roberlo S.A., Ctra. N-II, km 706,5, Riudellots de la Selva, 17457 Girona, Spain;
| | - Josep Duran
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Emili Besalú
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Albert Poater
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.D.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Calvez I, Szczepanski CR, Landry V. Hybrid Free-Radical/Cationic Phase-Separated UV-Curable System: Impact of Photoinitiator Content and Monomer Fraction on Surface Morphologies and Gloss Appearance. Macromolecules 2022; 55:3129-3139. [PMID: 35502195 PMCID: PMC9048687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous photopolymerization of radical and cationic systems is one strategy to generate polymer network architectures named interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). In these hybrid systems, phase separation and final polymer morphology are ultimately governed by thermodynamic incompatibility and polymerization kinetics. This behavior is quite complex, as numerous factors can affect polymerization kinetics including monomer/oligomer viscosity and structure, light intensity, photoinitiator content and absorbance, cross-linking, vitrification, etc. In this work, the impact of photoinitiator concentration and monomer fraction on surface morphologies in a hybrid radical/cationic phase-separated system was examined. Wrinkles formed on the surface of photopolymerized films depend on the polymerization rate and acrylate/epoxy ratio. This phenomenon is partially explained by the rapid polymerization rate associated with the development of an epoxy matrix and a smaller acrylate domain. The size and shape of the wrinkles can be controlled by varying formulation parameters (mainly, composition) and photoinitiator content. It was possible to create surface roughness and consequently decrease the gloss by controlling the polymerization kinetics and phase-separated morphology. This study demonstrates that the morphology, polymerization kinetics, and film properties (e.g., gloss, transparency) can be manipulated with the ratio of the acrylate/epoxy mixture and the photoinitiator content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Calvez
- NSERC−Canlak Industrial Research Chair in interior Wood-Products finishes, Department of Wood and Forest Science, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline R. Szczepanski
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Véronic Landry
- NSERC−Canlak Industrial Research Chair in interior Wood-Products finishes, Department of Wood and Forest Science, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Atif M, Naeem M, Karim RA, Ameen F, Mumtaaz MW. Surface modification and characterization of waste derived carbon particles to reinforce photo-cured shape memory composites. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5085-5093. [PMID: 35425586 PMCID: PMC8981409 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08331g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fillers have been a source of inspiration to accommodate a range of surface chemistries for different applications. In this study different surface chemistries have been compared for shape memory effect on polymeric composites. Sugar industry waste (fly ash) has been utilized to prepare carbon particles named FCB. Surface modification of FCB has been done in two steps, oxidation and thiolation, respectively. In the first step, different reagents have been used to anchor the surface of FCB with oxygenated functionalities. In the second step, oxygenated FCB has been treated with a thiolating agent to covalently link thio groups on its surface. Polymeric composites have been photo cured with both types of particles, separately. A thermal actuation study has been carried out to check the shape recovery behavior of the composites. A quick shape recovery has been observed for thiolated FCB composites, due to thio linkages in the polymeric network. Samples have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance (ATR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), pH, conductivity, acid content particle dispersion, and composite gel content. Carbon fillers have been a source of inspiration to accommodate a range of surface chemistries for different applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Faiza Ameen
- Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakarya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
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Fakhri LA, Ghanbarzadeh B, Dehghannya J, Dadashi S. Central composite design based statistical modeling for optimization of barrier and thermal properties of polystyrene based nanocomposite sheet for packaging application. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Malik MS, Schlögl S, Wolfahrt M, Sangermano M. Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092146. [PMID: 32962306 PMCID: PMC7570253 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Markus Wolfahrt
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Atif M, Kashif AUR, Khaliq Z, Mahmood A, Hussain MA, Bongiovanni R. Electrochemical evaluation of textile industry waste derived carbon particles for UV-cured epoxy composites. DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS 2020; 105:107804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Nguyen Q, Nguyen N, Rios de Anda A, Nguyen V, Versace D, Langlois V, Naili S, Renard E. Photocurable bulk epoxy resins based on resorcinol derivative through cationic polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc‐Bao Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, UMR 7182 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Thiais France
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi‐EchelleUMR 8208 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Cedex France
| | - Nhu‐Hai Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, UMR 7182 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Thiais France
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi‐EchelleUMR 8208 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Cedex France
| | - Agustín Rios de Anda
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, UMR 7182 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Thiais France
| | - Vu‐Hieu Nguyen
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi‐EchelleUMR 8208 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Cedex France
| | - Davy‐Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, UMR 7182 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Thiais France
| | - Valérie Langlois
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, UMR 7182 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Thiais France
| | - Salah Naili
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi‐EchelleUMR 8208 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Cedex France
| | - Estelle Renard
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, UMR 7182 CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Est Créteil Thiais France
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11
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Kim D, Jung B, Kim K, Cho KY, Jeong Y. Highly robust and transparent flexible cover window films based on UV‐curable polysilsesquioxane nano sol. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do‐Gwan Kim
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D DepartmentKITECH Sangnok‐gu Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang University Sangnok‐gu Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Kang‐Han Kim
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D DepartmentKITECH Sangnok‐gu Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang University Sangnok‐gu Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Young Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang University Sangnok‐gu Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Cheol Jeong
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D DepartmentKITECH Sangnok‐gu Republic of Korea
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12
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Shen W, Wang L, Cao Y, Zhang L, Yang Z, Yuan X, Yang H, Jiang T, Chen H. Cationic photopolymerization of liquid crystalline epoxide in mesogenic solvents and its application in polymer-stabilized liquid crystals. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Kwak MJ, Kim DH, You JB, Moon H, Joo M, Lee E, Im SG. A Sub-minute Curable Nanoadhesive with High Transparency, Strong Adhesion, and Excellent Flexibility. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moo Jin Kwak
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Do Heung Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Heeyeon Moon
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Munkyu Joo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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14
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Yang L, Yang J, Nie J, Zhu X. Temperature controlled cationic photo-curing of a thick, dark composite. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, temperature controlled cationic mechanism resolved the issues of light penetration in colored thick composites due to the sustained stability of the secondary oxonium ions species at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials
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