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Salminen L, Karjalainen E, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions. Front Chem 2021; 9:721656. [PMID: 34386483 PMCID: PMC8354582 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.721656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Scott PJ, Spiering GA, Wang Y, Seibers ZD, Moore RB, Kumar R, Lokitz BS, Long TE. Phosphonium-Based Polyzwitterions: Influence of Ionic Structure and Association on Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Glenn A. Spiering
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Zach D. Seibers
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing (BCSM3), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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3
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Vasil’ev VG, Buzin MI, Nikiforova GG, Belomoina NM, Bulycheva EG, Papkov VS. Ionomers Based on Sulfonated Polyphenylquinoxalines: Synthesis and Properties in Solution and Block. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090420060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cao K, Serrano JM, Liu T, Stovall BJ, Xu Z, Arrington CB, Long TE, Odle RR, Liu G. Impact of metal cations on the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of telechelic sulfonated polyetherimides. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00899c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature, and complex viscosity of metal sulfonated polyetherimides decrease with an increase in metal cation size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII)
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | | | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | | | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | | | - Timothy E. Long
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII)
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Guoliang Liu
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII)
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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Chen X, Talley SJ, Haag JV, Spiering GA, Liu B, Drummey KJ, Murayama M, Moore RB, Long TE. Doubly Charged ABA Triblock Copolymers: Thermomechanically Robust Physical Network and Hierarchical Microstructures. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xiang P, Ye Z. Hyperbranched Polyethylene Ionomers Containing Cationic Tetralkylammonium Ions Synthesized by Pd–Diimine-Catalyzed Direct Ethylene Copolymerization with Ionic Liquid Comonomers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Bharti
School of Engineering, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Bharti
School of Engineering, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
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Vasil’ev VG, Buzin MI, Nikiforova GG, Belomoina NM, Bulycheva EG, Papkov VS. Ionomers of a new type based on sulfonated polyphenylquinoxalines. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501614100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Ni Y, Becquart F, Taha M, Majeste JC, Chen J. Poly(butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) Copolymers with Calcium Carbonate Supramolecular Networks. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.854209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chen Q, Liang S, Shiau HS, Colby RH. Linear Viscoelastic and Dielectric Properties of Phosphonium Siloxane Ionomers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:970-974. [PMID: 35581862 DOI: 10.1021/mz400476w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The linear viscoelastic (LVE) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopic (DRS) properties of polysiloxanes with phosphonium (fraction f) and oligo(ethylene oxide) (fraction 1 - f) side groups with a fraction of ionic monomers f = 0-0.26 have been studied. LVE master curves of those ionomers have been constructed. The ionic dissociation has been witnessed as a delayed polymer relaxation in LVE with increasing ion content, as well as an α2 ionic segmental relaxation process in DRS. LVE exhibits glassy and delayed rubbery relaxation at low ionic fraction f ≤ 11%, where the ionic dissociation time detected in DRS enables description of LVE with a sticky Rouse model. In contrast, the glassy and rubbery stress relaxation moduli merge into one broad process at high f ≥ 22%, where the whole LVE response from glassy to terminal relaxation can be described phenomenologically by a single Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) equation with the lowest stretching exponent β = 0.10 ever seen for polymeric liquids, describing LVE over 15 decades of frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Siwei Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Huai-suen Shiau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Powell A, Kontopoulou M, Hojabr S. Ethylene Propylene Rubber Polyampholytes and their Blends with Polypropylene as an Alternative to Chemically Cross-Linked Thermoplastic Elastomers and Thermoplastic Vulcanizates. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Powell
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Marianna Kontopoulou
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Sassan Hojabr
- E.I. DuPont Canada Company; Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 5A5
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Colonna M, Berti C, Binassi E, Fiorini M, Sullalti S, Acquasanta F, Vannini M, Di Gioia D, Aloisio I, Karanam S, Brunelle DJ. Synthesis and characterization of imidazolium telechelic poly(butylene terephthalate) for antimicrobial applications. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Colonna M, Berti C, Binassi E, Fiorini M, Sullalti S, Acquasanta F, Karanam S, Brunelle DJ. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated telechelic bisphenol A polycarbonate ionomers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Telechelic ionomeric poly(butylene terephthalate): Synthesis, characterization and comparison with random ionomers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Deschanel S, Greviskes B, Bertoldi K, Sarva S, Chen W, Samuels S, Cohen R, Boyce M. Rate dependent finite deformation stress–strain behavior of an ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer and an ethylene methacrylic acid butyl acrylate copolymer. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Nishioka A, Koda T, Miyata K, Murasawa G, Koyama K. The Effects of Small Contents of Water on Melt Rheology for Ethylene-Methacrylic Zinc Ionomers. Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2007156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Ikeda Y, Murakami T, Kajiwara K. CASCADE MODEL FOR PHYSICALLY CROSS-LINKED ELASTOMER: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NONIONIC ELASTOMERS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE IONENE ELASTOMER. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-100001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikeda
- a Faculty of Engineering and Design , Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki , Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- b Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasyo , Uji, Kyoto, 601-0011, Japan
| | - Kanji Kajiwara
- a Faculty of Engineering and Design , Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki , Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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Nikiforova GG, Buzin MI, Vasil’ev VG, Il’ina MN, Ryabev AN, Shaposhnikova VV, Salazkin SN, Rogovina LZ, Papkov VS. Dynamic mechanical and thermal characteristics of homopolymers and copolymers containing arylene ether ketone units with carboxylic side groups and their salts. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x06010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The principle subject in the current paper is to summarize and characterize the ionomers based on polymers and copolymers such as polystyrene (PSt), polyisoprene (PIP), polybutadiene (PB), poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (PSt-PIB-PSt), poly(butadiene-styrene) (PB-PSt), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBSi), poly(dimethylcarbosiloxanes), polyurethane, etc. The self-assembly of ionomers, models concerning ionomer morphologies, physical and rheological properties of ionomer phase and percolation behavior of ionomers were discussed. The ionomer phase materials and dispersions have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray catering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. The wide range of compositions, molecular architectures, and morphologies present in ionomeric disperse systems are of great interest. The research is particularly devoted to the potential application of these materials and an understanding of the fundamental principles of the ionomers. They are extremely complex systems, sensitive to changes in structure and composition, and therefore not easily amenable to modeling and to the derivation of general patterns of behavior. The reviewed data indicate that a large number of parameters are important in influencing multiplet formation and clustering in random ionomers. Among these are the ion content, size of the polyion and counterion, dielectric constant of the host, T(g) of the polymer, rigidity or persistence length of the backbone, position of the ion pair relative to the backbone, steric constraints, amount and nature of added additive (plasticizer), thermal history, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignác Capek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ikeda Y, Yamato J, Murakami T, Kajiwara K. Aliphatic poly(oxytetramethylene) ionenes: effect of counter-anion on the properties and morphology. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Mohanty S, Vijavan K, Neelkantan NR, Nando GB. Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of zinc neutralized salts of poly(ethylene co-acrylic acid) and its blend with epoxidized natural rubber. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Wu Q, Weiss R. Synthesis and characterization of poly (styrene-co-vinyl phosphonate) ionomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dereszewska A, Olayo R, Cardoso J. Synthesis and thermal degradation of poly(n-butylisocyanate) modified by 1,3-propanesultone. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Guo XY, Gu LX, Feng XX. The glass transition, crystallization, and melting characteristics of a class of polyester ionomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Kang H, Lin Q, Armentrout RS, Long TE. Synthesis and Characterization of Telechelic Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Sodiosulfonate Ionomers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiying Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Adhesive and Sealant Science (CASS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Eastman Chemical Co., Kingsport, Tennessee 37662
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Adhesive and Sealant Science (CASS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Eastman Chemical Co., Kingsport, Tennessee 37662
| | - R. Scott Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Adhesive and Sealant Science (CASS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Eastman Chemical Co., Kingsport, Tennessee 37662
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Adhesive and Sealant Science (CASS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Eastman Chemical Co., Kingsport, Tennessee 37662
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Gauthier M, Carrozzella T, Snell G. Sulfobetaine zwitterionomers based onn-butyl acrylate and 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate: Physical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Nishioka A, Takahashi T, Masubuchi Y, Takimoto JI, Koyama K. Melt rheology of ethylene ionomers blended with a small-molecule acid. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Akay G, Tong L. Preparation of Colloidal Low-Density Polyethylene Latexes by Flow-Induced Phase Inversion Emulsification of Polymer Melt in Water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 239:342-357. [PMID: 11426998 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.7615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare colloidal polymeric latexes by using the flow-induced phase inversion emulsification method given by G. Akay [Chem. Eng. Sci. 53, 203 (1998)] of polymer melts followed by the solidification of polymer melt droplets. We also investigate the mechanism of emulsification and stabilization in polymeric dispersions which undergo a phase change after emulsification. The history of the emulsification and emulsion structure are monitored by using a process rheometer and off-line scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and particle size measurements. It is shown that the molecular structure of the surface-active material is the most important parameter in achieving phase inversion emulsificationin polymer melts. Molecular surfactants could not be used to provide surface activity in polymeric melts. Several experimental polymeric surfactants are used and their ability to form a [water-in-polymer melt] emulsion is tested. The successful polymeric surfactants are known as hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers. It is postulated that the surface-active materials should conform at the water/polymer melt interface and not be removed from the interface by surface deformations. The ability of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers to remain at the interface is reduced if the hydrophobic moeties which anchor into the polymer melt have chain length approaching 18 carbons or more. After the first phase inversion and subsequent dilution of the [polymer melt-in-water], if mixing is carried out while cooling, a second phase inversion takes place from [polymer melt-in-water] to [water-in-solid polymer] despite high water content of the polymer/water system. If the water content is high (25-40% investigated) the second phase inversion yields a powdered material with encapsulated water. A third phase inversion occurs if the powdered microcapsules from the second phase inversion is heated while mixing to yield a [(water-in-polymer)-in-water] multiple emulsion which can be inverted back to [polymer melt-in-water] emulsion by increasing the temperature and subjecting the emulsion to high deformation rate flows. However, if this last phase inversion is not allowed to proceed to completion, and the [(water-in-polymer)-in-water] multiple emulsion is cooled, microporous polymeric particles are obtained. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Akay
- Centre for Process Intensification and Innovation, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nomula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Stuart L. Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nomula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Stuart L. Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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32
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Litvinov VM, Braam AWM, van der Ploeg AFMJ. Telechelic Ionomers: Molecular Structure and Kinetics of Physical Gelation of Unsaturated Polyester as Studied by Solid State NMR and X-ray. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001478q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Litvinov
- DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - A. W. M. Braam
- DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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34
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Sauer BB, McLean RS. AFM and X-ray Studies of Crystal and Ionic Domain Morphology in Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) Ionomers. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001110t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan B. Sauer
- DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0356
| | - R. Scott McLean
- DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0356
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Karayianni E, Jérôme R, Cooper SL. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Low-Polarity Telechelic Ionomer Solutions. 3. Temperature Dependence of the Ionic Association. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991252r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karayianni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; DuPont de Nemours International, S.A., European Technical Center, 2, chemin du Pavillon, CH-1218 Geneva, Switzerland; and University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Sart-Tilman, B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Jérôme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; DuPont de Nemours International, S.A., European Technical Center, 2, chemin du Pavillon, CH-1218 Geneva, Switzerland; and University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Sart-Tilman, B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stuart L. Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; DuPont de Nemours International, S.A., European Technical Center, 2, chemin du Pavillon, CH-1218 Geneva, Switzerland; and University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Sart-Tilman, B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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36
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Nomula S, Cooper SL. Structural Studies of Polyurethane Ionomer Solutions. 2. Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nomula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Stuart L. Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nomula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Stuart L. Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Ghosh SK, De PP, Khastgir D, De SK. Ionic thermoplastic elastomer based on the zinc salt of sulfonated maleated EPDM rubber. I. Effect of zinc stearate on melt-flow behavior, and dynamic mechanical, dielectric, and physical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20001024)78:4<743::aid-app70>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Antony P, Bandyopadhyay S, De S. Synergism in properties of ionomeric polyblends based on zinc salts of carboxylated nitrile rubber and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid). POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thuresson K, Nilsson S, Kjøniksen AL, Walderhaug H, Lindman B, Nyström B. Dynamics and Rheology in Aqueous Solutions of Associating Diblock and Triblock Copolymers of the Same Type. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krister Thuresson
- Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Nilsson
- Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
- Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Walderhaug
- Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Lindman
- Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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Orler EB, Gummaraju RV, Calhoun BH, Moore RB. Effect of Preferential Plasticization on the Crystallization of Lightly Sulfonated Syndiotactic Polystyrene Ionomers. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bruce Orler
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, P.O. Box 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
| | - Raghuram V. Gummaraju
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, P.O. Box 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
| | - Bret H. Calhoun
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, P.O. Box 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, P.O. Box 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
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Young A, Brigault C, Heenan R, Higgins J, Peiffer D. Small angle neutron scattering from ionomer gels. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sobry R, Fontaine F, Ledent J, Foucart M, Jérôme R. Morphology of Ionic Aggregates in Carboxylato- and Sulfonato-Telechelic Polyisoprenes As Investigated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970065v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sobry
- Laboratory of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics B5, University of Liège, B−4000 Liège, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Fontaine
- Laboratory of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics B5, University of Liège, B−4000 Liège, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean Ledent
- Laboratory of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics B5, University of Liège, B−4000 Liège, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Foucart
- Laboratory of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics B5, University of Liège, B−4000 Liège, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Jérôme
- Laboratory of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics B5, University of Liège, B−4000 Liège, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Bandiera M, Manaresi P, Munari A, Borghini M, Mastragostino M. Effect of sodium sulfonate groups on the ionic conductivity of a copolyester of thiodipropionic acid. Eur Polym J 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Young A, Timbo A, Higgins J, Peiffer D, Lin M. Thermodynamics of aggregation in associating ionomer solutions. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)87631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Young A, Higgins J, Peiffer D, Rennie A. Effect of aggregation on the single-chain dimensions of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers in xylene. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)85857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Van Alsten JG. Ionic and Chain Interdiffusion and Interfacial Strength Development in Ionomers of Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma950431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Van Alsten
- Central Research & Development, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0356
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48
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Tsagaropoulos G, Kim JS, Eisenberg A. Chain Mobility Restrictions in Random Ionomers Studied by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9511053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Tsagaropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Joon-Seop Kim
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Adi Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
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Gnambodoe M, Hamaide T, Revillon A. Dilute solution behaviour of carboxylatobetaine end-capped polyisoprenes. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)83147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pitsikalis M, Hadjichristidis N, Mays JW. Model Mono-, Di-, and Tri-ω-Functionalized Three-Arm Star Polybutadienes. Association Behavior in Dilute Solution by Dynamic Light Scattering and Viscometry. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma951001s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Pitsikalis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece, and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece, and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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