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Hui San S, Ching Ngai S. E-cadherin re-expression: Its potential in combating TRAIL resistance and reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene 2024; 909:148293. [PMID: 38373660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The major limitation of conventional chemotherapy drugs is their lack of specificity for cancer cells. As a selective apoptosis-inducing agent, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive alternative. However, most of the cancer cells are found to be either intrinsically resistant to the TRAIL protein or may develop resistance after multiple treatments, and TRAIL resistance can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at a later stage, promoting cancer invasion and migration. Interestingly, E-cadherin loss has been linked to TRAIL resistance and initiation of EMT, making E-cadherin re-expression a potential target to overcome these obstacles. Recent research suggests that re-expressing E-cadherin may reduce TRAIL resistance by enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis and preventing EMT by modulating EMT signalling factors. This reversal of EMT, can also aid in improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, this review provides remarkable insights into the mechanisms underlying E-cadherin re-expression, clinical implications, and potentiation, as well as the research gaps of E-cadherin re-expression in the current cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Hui San
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Chakraborty M, Kaur J, Gunjan, Kathpalia M, Kaur N. Clinical relevance of glycosylation in triple negative breast cancer: a review. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:79-91. [PMID: 38634956 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation alterations in TNBC have significant implications for tumor behavior, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated glycosylation affects cell adhesion, signaling, immune recognition, and response to therapy in TNBC. Different types of glycosylation, including N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation, glycosphingolipid glycosylation, mucin-type glycosylation, and sialylation, play distinct roles in TNBC. The "barcoding" method based on glycosylation sites of the membrane type mannose receptor (MR) shows promise in accurately distinguishing breast cancer subtypes, including TNBC. Alpha-L-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1) and Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) have been identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for TNBC. The glycosylation status of PD-L1 impacts the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in TNBC. Inhibiting fucosylation of B7H3 enhances immune responses and improves anti-tumor effects. Targeting glycosylated B7H4 and modulating estrogen metabolism through glycosylation-related mechanisms are potential therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Understanding the role of glycosylation in TNBC provides insights into disease mechanisms, diagnosis, and potential therapeutic targets. Further research in this field may lead to personalized treatment approaches and improved outcomes for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P., 201313, India
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P., 201313, India
| | - Gunjan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P., 201313, India
| | - Meghavi Kathpalia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P., 201313, India
| | - Navkiran Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P., 201313, India.
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3
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Wang J, Yang Z, Bai H, Zhao L, Ji J, Bin Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hou H, Li Q. High-expressed ACAT2 predicted the poor prognosis of platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38178203 PMCID: PMC10768435 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is a lipid metabolism enzyme and rarely was researched in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS ACAT2 expressions were confirmed in two pairs of cell lines (A2780 and A2780/DDP, OVCAR8 and OVCAR8/DDP) from Gene Expression Omnibus database by bioinformatics analysis, and in A2780 and A2780/DDP cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Tissue samples were stained by immunohistochemistry and scored for ACAT2 expression. The relationships between ACAT2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed by χ2 test. The prognosis of ACAT2 was analyzed by the log-rank tests and Cox regression models. RESULTS ACAT2 was remarkably upregulated in the above drug-resistant cell lines by mRNA (all P < 0.05) and protein expression (P = 0.026) than those in sensitive ones. Patients were classified as ACAT2-high (n = 51) and ACAT2-low (n = 26) according to immunohistochemical score. ACAT2 expression had a significantly inverse correlation with FIGO stage (P = 0.030) and chemo-response (P = 0.041). A marginal statistical significance existed in ACAT2 expression and ascites volume (P = 0.092). Univariate analysis suggested that high-expressed ACAT2 was associated with decreased platinum-free interval (PFI) (8.57 vs. 14.13 months, P = 0.044), progression-free survival (PFS) (14.12 vs. 19.79 months, P = 0.039) and overall survival (OS) (36.89 vs. 52.40 months, P = 0.044). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ACAT2 expression (hazard ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.11, P = 0.017) affected OS independently, rather than PFI and PFS. CONCLUSION The expression of ACAT2 in A2780/DDP and OVCAR8/DDP was higher than the corresponding A2780 and OVCAR8. High-expressed ACAT2 was associated with advanced FIGO stage, chemo-resistance, and decreased PFI, PFS and OS. It was an independent prognostic factor of OS in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Han Bai
- The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Building 21, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Lanbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yadi Bin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huilian Hou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Qiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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4
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Jastrząb P, Narejko K, Car H, Wielgat P. Cell Membrane Sialome: Sialic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Regulators of Drug Resistance in Human Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5103. [PMID: 37894470 PMCID: PMC10604966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A cellular sialome is a physiologically active and dynamically changing component of the cell membrane. Sialylation plays a crucial role in tumor progression, and alterations in cellular sialylation patterns have been described as modulators of chemotherapy effectiveness. However, the precise mechanisms through which altered sialylation contributes to drug resistance in cancer are not yet fully understood. This review focuses on the intricate interplay between sialylation and cancer treatment. It presents the role of sialic acids in modulating cell-cell interactions, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the immunosuppressive processes within the context of cancer. The issue of drug resistance is also discussed, and the mechanisms that involve transporters, the tumor microenvironment, and metabolism are analyzed. The review explores drugs and therapeutic approaches that may induce modifications in sialylation processes with a primary focus on their impact on sialyltransferases or sialidases. Despite advancements in cellular glycobiology and glycoengineering, an interdisciplinary effort is required to decipher and comprehend the biological characteristics and consequences of altered sialylation. Additionally, understanding the modulatory role of sialoglycans in drug sensitivity is crucial to applying this knowledge in clinical practice for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jastrząb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Karolina Narejko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
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5
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Chen M, Assis DM, Benet M, McClung CM, Gordon EA, Ghose S, Dupard SJ, Willetts M, Taron CH, Samuelson JC. Comparative site-specific N-glycoproteome analysis reveals aberrant N-glycosylation and gives insights into mannose-6-phosphate pathway in cancer. Commun Biol 2023; 6:48. [PMID: 36639722 PMCID: PMC9839730 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is implicated in cancers and aberrant N-glycosylation is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Here, we mapped and compared the site-specific N-glycoproteomes of colon cancer HCT116 cells and isogenic non-tumorigenic DNMT1/3b double knockout (DKO1) cells using Fbs1-GYR N-glycopeptide enrichment technology and trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Many significant changes in site-specific N-glycosylation were revealed, providing a molecular basis for further elucidation of the role of N-glycosylation in protein function. HCT116 cells display hypersialylation especially in cell surface membrane proteins. Both HCT116 and DKO1 show an abundance of paucimannose and 80% of paucimannose-rich proteins are annotated to reside in exosomes. The most striking N-glycosylation alteration was the degree of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification. N-glycoproteomic analyses revealed that HCT116 displays hyper-M6P modification, which was orthogonally validated by M6P immunodetection. Significant observed differences in N-glycosylation patterns of the major M6P receptor, CI-MPR in HCT116 and DKO1 may contribute to the hyper-M6P phenotype of HCT116 cells. This comparative site-specific N-glycoproteome analysis provides a pool of potential N-glycosylation-related cancer biomarkers, but also gives insights into the M6P pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyong Chen
- grid.273406.40000 0004 0376 1796New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA
| | - Diego M. Assis
- grid.423270.00000 0004 0491 2576Bruker, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821 USA
| | - Matthieu Benet
- grid.273406.40000 0004 0376 1796New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA
| | - Colleen M. McClung
- grid.273406.40000 0004 0376 1796New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Gordon
- grid.423270.00000 0004 0491 2576Bruker, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821 USA
| | - Shourjo Ghose
- grid.423270.00000 0004 0491 2576Bruker, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821 USA
| | - Steven J. Dupard
- grid.273406.40000 0004 0376 1796New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA
| | - Matthew Willetts
- grid.423270.00000 0004 0491 2576Bruker, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821 USA
| | - Christopher H. Taron
- grid.273406.40000 0004 0376 1796New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA
| | - James C. Samuelson
- grid.273406.40000 0004 0376 1796New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA
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Mijakovac A, Frkatović A, Hanić M, Ivok J, Martinić Kavur M, Pučić-Baković M, Spector T, Zoldoš V, Mangino M, Lauc G. Heritability of the glycan clock of biological age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982609. [PMID: 36619858 PMCID: PMC9815111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G is posttranslationally modified by the addition of complex N-glycans affecting its function and mediating inflammation at multiple levels. IgG glycome composition changes with age and health in a predictive pattern, presumably due to inflammaging. As a result, a novel biological aging biomarker, glycan clock of age, was developed. Glycan clock of age is the first of biological aging clocks for which multiple studies showed a possibility of clock reversal even with simple lifestyle interventions. However, none of the previous studies determined to which extent the glycan clock can be turned, and how much is fixed by genetic predisposition. To determine the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variation of the glycan clock, we performed heritability analysis on two TwinsUK female cohorts. IgG glycans from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were analyzed by UHPLC and glycan age was calculated using the glycan clock. In order to determine additive genetic, shared, and unique environmental contributions, a classical twin design was applied. Heritability of the glycan clock was calculated for participants of one cross-sectional and one longitudinal cohort with three time points to assess the reliability of measurements. Heritability estimate for the glycan clock was 39% on average, suggesting a moderate contribution of additive genetic factors (A) to glycan clock variation. Remarkably, heritability estimates remained approximately the same in all time points of the longitudinal study, even though IgG glycome composition changed substantially. Most environmental contributions came from shared environmental factors (C), with unique environmental factors (E) having a minor role. Interestingly, heritability estimates nearly doubled, to an average of 71%, when we included age as a covariant. This intervention also inflated the estimates of unique environmental factors contributing to glycan clock variation. A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors defines alternative IgG glycosylation during aging and, consequently, dictates the glycan clock's ticking. Apparently, environmental factors (including lifestyle choices) have a strong impact on the biological age measured with the glycan clock, which additionally clarifies why this aging clock is one of the most potent biomarkers of biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Mijakovac
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Hanić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ivok
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thoma’s Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,*Correspondence: Gordan Lauc,
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7
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Pangath M, Unnikrishnan L, Throwba PH, Vasudevan K, Jayaraman S, Li M, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. The Epigenetic Correlation among Ovarian Cancer, Endometriosis and PCOS: A Review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Stewart N, Wisnovsky S. Bridging Glycomics and Genomics: New Uses of Functional Genetics in the Study of Cellular Glycosylation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:934584. [PMID: 35782863 PMCID: PMC9243437 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.934584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All living cells are coated with a diverse collection of carbohydrate molecules called glycans. Glycans are key regulators of cell behavior and important therapeutic targets for human disease. Unlike proteins, glycans are not directly templated by discrete genes. Instead, they are produced through multi-gene pathways that generate a heterogenous array of glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens on the cell surface. This genetic complexity has sometimes made it challenging to understand how glycosylation is regulated and how it becomes altered in disease. Recent years, however, have seen the emergence of powerful new functional genomics technologies that allow high-throughput characterization of genetically complex cellular phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how these techniques are now being applied to achieve a deeper understanding of glyco-genomic regulation. We highlight specifically how methods like ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, CRISPR genomic screening and scRNA-seq are being used to map the genomic basis for various cell-surface glycosylation states in normal and diseased cell types. We also offer a perspective on how emerging functional genomics technologies are likely to create further opportunities for studying cellular glycobiology in the future. Taken together, we hope this review serves as a primer to recent developments at the glycomics-genomics interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Stewart
- Biochemistry and Microbiology Dept, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Wisnovsky
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Simon Wisnovsky,
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9
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Khosrowabadi E, Wenta T, Keskitalo S, Manninen A, Kellokumpu S. Altered glycosylation of several metastasis-associated glycoproteins with terminal GalNAc defines the highly invasive cancer cell phenotype. Oncotarget 2022; 13:73-89. [PMID: 35028012 PMCID: PMC8751650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several distinct metastasis-associated glycosylation changes have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis, the main cause of death of cancer patients. However, it is unclear whether their presence reflects cell- or tissue-specific variations for metastasis, or species needed to drive different phases of the metastatic cascade. To address this issue from a different perspective, we investigated here whether different cancer cell lines share any glycotopes that are common and important for their invasive phenotype. By using lectin microarray glycan profiling and an established myoma tissue-based 3D invasion assay, we identified a single glycotope recognized by Helix Pomatia agglutinin (HPA), whose expression level in different cancer cells correlated significantly with their invasive potential. Lectin pull-down assay and LC-MS/MS analysis in highly- (A431 and SW-48) and poorly invasive (HepG2 and RCC4) cancer cells revealed ~85 glycoproteins of which several metastasis-promoting members of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) were among the abundant ones. Moreover, we showed that the level of the GalNAc glycotope in MMP-14, EGFR, αV-, β1- and β4 integrin in highly and poorly invasive cancer cells correlated positively with their invasive potential. Collectively, our findings suggest that altered glycosylation of several metastasis-associated glycoproteins with terminal GalNAc drives the highly invasive cancer cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khosrowabadi
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
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10
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Bertok T, Pinkova Gajdosova V, Bertokova A, Svecova N, Kasak P, Tkac J. Breast cancer glycan biomarkers: their link to tumour cell metabolism and their perspectives in clinical practice. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:881-910. [PMID: 34711108 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1996231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cancer type diagnosed in women and 5th most common cause of deaths among all cancer deaths despite the fact that screening program is at place. This is why novel diagnostics approaches are needed in order to decrease number of BCa cases and disease mortality. AREAS COVERED In this review paper, we aim to cover some basic aspects regarding cellular metabolism and signalling in BCa behind altered glycosylation. We also discuss novel exciting discoveries regarding glycan-based analysis, which can provide useful information for better understanding of the disease. The final part deals with clinical usefulness of glycan-based biomarkers and the clinical performance of such biomarkers is compared to already approved BCa biomarkers and diagnostic tools based on imaging. EXPERT OPINION Recent discoveries suggest that glycan-based biomarkers offer high accuracy for possible BCa diagnostics in blood, but also for better monitoring and management of BCa patients. The review article was written using Web of Science search engine to include articles published between 2019 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Glycanostics Ltd., Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Pinkova Gajdosova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Natalia Svecova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Glycanostics Ltd., Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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11
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Abstract
Expression of glycosylation-related genes (or glycogenes) is strictly regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic processes, both in normal and in pathological conditions. In fact, glycosylation is an essential mechanism through which proteins and lipids are modified to perform a variety of biological events, to adapt to environment, and to interact with microorganisms.Many glycogenes with a role in normal development are epigenetically regulated. Essential studies were performed in the brain, where expression of glycogenes like MGAT5B, B4GALNT1, and ST8Sia1 are under the control of histone modifications, and in the immune system, where expression of FUT7 is regulated by both DNA methylation and histone modifications. At present, epigenetic regulation of glycosylation is still poorly described under physiological conditions, since the majority of the studies were focused on cancer. In fact, virtually all types of cancers display aberrant glycosylation, because of both genetic and epigenetic modifications on glycogenes. This is also true for many other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, IgA nephropathy, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases.A deeper knowledge in epigenetic regulation of glycogenes is essential, since research in this field could be helpful in finding novel and personalized therapeutics.
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12
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Kellman BP, Lewis NE. Big-Data Glycomics: Tools to Connect Glycan Biosynthesis to Extracellular Communication. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:284-300. [PMID: 33349503 PMCID: PMC7954846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Characteristically, cells must sense and respond to environmental cues. Despite the importance of cell-cell communication, our understanding remains limited and often lacks glycans. Glycans decorate proteins and cell membranes at the cell-environment interface, and modulate intercellular communication, from development to pathogenesis. Providing further challenges, glycan biosynthesis and cellular behavior are co-regulating systems. Here, we discuss how glycosylation contributes to extracellular responses and signaling. We further organize approaches for disentangling the roles of glycans in multicellular interactions using newly available datasets and tools, including glycan biosynthesis models, omics datasets, and systems-level analyses. Thus, emerging tools in big data analytics and systems biology are facilitating novel insights on glycans and their relationship with multicellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Kellman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Identification of co-expressed genes associated with MLL rearrangement in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222872. [PMID: 32347296 PMCID: PMC7953500 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene are common adverse prognostic factors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Even allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not improve the outcome of ALL cases with some types of MLL rearrangements. The aim of the present study was to identify the co-expressed genes that related to MLL rearrangement (MLL-r) and elucidate the potential mechanisms of how MLL-r and their partner genes lead to leukemogenesis. Gene co-expression networks were constructed using the gene expression data and sample traits of 204 pretreated pediatric ALL patients, and co-expression modules significantly related to the MLL-r were screened out. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of the module genes were performed. Hub genes were identified and their expression levels were analyzed in samples with or without MLL-r and the results were validated by an independent investigation. Furthermore, the relationships between the hub genes and sample traits were analyzed. In total, 21 co-expression modules were identified. The green module was positively correlated with MLL-r. PROM1, LGALS1, CD44, FUT4 and HOXA10 were identified as hub genes, which were involved in focal adhesion, calcium-dependent phospholipid binding, connective tissue development and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. The expression levels of the five hub genes were significantly increased in MLL-r samples, and the results were further validated. PROM1, LGALS1, CD44 and HOXA10 were positively related to the leukocyte count. These findings might provide novel insight regarding the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for pediatric ALL with MLL-r.
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Indellicato R, Trinchera M. Epigenetic Regulation of Glycosylation in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062980. [PMID: 33804149 PMCID: PMC7999748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the newly emerging field of epigenetic regulation of glycosylation acquired more importance because it is unraveling physiological and pathological mechanisms related to glycan functions. Glycosylation is a complex process in which proteins and lipids are modified by the attachment of monosaccharides. The main actors in this kind of modification are the glycoenzymes, which are translated from glycosylation-related genes (or glycogenes). The expression of glycogenes is regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms (mainly DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNAs). This review focuses only on these last ones, in relation to cancer and other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and IgA1 nephropathy. In fact, it is clear that a deeper knowledge in the fine-tuning of glycogenes is essential for acquiring new insights in the glycan field, especially if this could be useful for finding novel and personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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15
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Greville G, Llop E, Howard J, Madden SF, Perry AS, Peracaula R, Rudd PM, McCann A, Saldova R. 5-AZA-dC induces epigenetic changes associated with modified glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins and increased EMT and migration in chemo-sensitive cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:34. [PMID: 33579350 PMCID: PMC7881483 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications, is altered in cancer and is subject in part, to epigenetic regulation. As there are many epigenetic-targeted therapies currently in clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of cancers, it is important to understand the impact epi-therapeutics have on glycosylation. Results Ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cells were treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-AZA-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC). Branching and sialylation were increased on secreted N-glycans from chemo-sensitive/non-metastatic cell lines following treatment with 5-AZA-dC. These changes correlated with increased mRNA expression levels in MGAT5 and ST3GAL4 transcripts in ovarian cancer cell lines. Using siRNA transient knock down of GATA2 and GATA3 transcription factors, we show that these regulate the glycosyltransferases ST3GAL4 and MGAT5, respectively. Moreover, 5-AZA-dC-treated cells displayed an increase in migration, with a greater effect seen in chemo-sensitive cell lines. Western blots showed an increase in apoptotic and senescence (p21) markers in all 5-AZA-dC-treated cells. The alterations seen in N-glycans from secreted glycoproteins in 5-AZA-dC-treated breast and ovarian cancer cells were similar to the N-glycans previously known to potentiate tumour cell survival. Conclusions While the FDA has approved epi-therapeutics for some cancer treatments, their global effect is still not fully understood. This study gives insight into the effects that epigenetic alterations have on cancer cell glycosylation, and how this potentially impacts on the overall fate of those cells. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland.,College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jane Howard
- College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland. .,College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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16
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N-Glycome changes reflecting resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. J Proteomics 2020; 230:103964. [PMID: 32898699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported aberrant glycosylation in connection with malignancy. Our investigation further expands on this topic through the examination of N-glycans, which could be associated with the resistance of advanced stage, high-grade non-mucinous ovarian cancer to platinum/taxane based chemotherapy. We used tissue samples of 83 ovarian cancer patients, randomly divided into two independent cohorts (basic and validation). Both groups involved either cases with/without postoperative tumor residue or the cases determined either resistant or sensitive to this chemotherapy. In the validation cohort, preoperative serum samples were also available. N-glycans released from tumors and sera were permethylated and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The MS analysis yielded a consecutive detection of 68 (tissue) and 63 (serum) N-glycan spectral signals. Eight of these were found to be differentially abundant in tissues of both independent cohorts including the cases with a postoperative cancer residue. One of these glycans was detected as differentially abundant in sera of the validation cohort. No statistically significant differences in intensities due to the same N-glycans were found in the cases without postoperative macroscopic residues in either the basic or validation cohort. From the biochemical point of view, the statistically significant N-glycans correspond to the structures carrying bisecting (terminal) GlcNAc residue and tetra-antennary structures with sialic acid and/or fucose residues. Among them, six tissue N-glycans could be considered potential markers connected with a resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. The prediction of primary resistance to standard chemotherapy may identify the group of patients suitable for alternative treatment strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: Drug resistance has become a major impediment to a successful treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The glycomic measurements related to cancer are becoming increasingly popular in identification of the key molecules as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Our report deals with identification of differences in N-glycosylation of proteins in tissue and serum samples from the individuals showing sensitivity or resistance to platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy. The detection sensitivity to chemotherapy is vitally important for these patients.
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Greville G, Llop E, Huang C, Creagh-Flynn J, Pfister S, O'Flaherty R, Madden SF, Peracaula R, Rudd PM, McCann A, Saldova R. Hypoxia Alters Epigenetic and N-Glycosylation Profiles of Ovarian and Breast Cancer Cell Lines in-vitro. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1218. [PMID: 32850359 PMCID: PMC7405916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications. Importantly, glycosylation is altered in many cancers. These alterations have been proven to impact on tumor progression and to promote tumor cell survival. From the literature, it is known that there is a clear link between chemoresistance and hypoxia, hypoxia and epigenetics and more recently glycosylation and epigenetics. Methods and Results: Our objective was to investigate these differential parameters, in an in vitro model of ovarian and breast cancer. Ovarian (A2780, A2780cis, PEO1, PEO4) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) cells were exposed to differential hypoxic conditions (0.5-2% O2) and compared to normoxia (21% O2). Results demonstrated that in hypoxic conditions some significant changes in glycosylation on the secreted N-glycans from the ovarian and breast cancer cell lines were observed. These included, alterations in oligomannosylated, bisected glycans, glycans with polylactosamine extensions, in branching, galactosylation and sialylation in all cell lines except for PEO1. In general, hypoxia exposed ovarian and TNBC cells also displayed increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration, with a greater effect seen in the 0.5% hypoxia exposed samples compared to 1 and 2% hypoxia (p ≤ 0.05). SiRNA transient knock down of GATA2/3 transcription factors resulted in a decrease in the expression of glycosyltransferases ST3GAL4 and MGAT5, which are responsible for sialylation and branching, respectively. Conclusions: These glycan changes are known to be integral to cancer cell survival and metastases, suggesting a possible mechanism of action, linking GATA2 and 3, and invasiveness of both ovarian and TNBC cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Biochemistry of Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Chengnan Huang
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jack Creagh-Flynn
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Pfister
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Flaherty
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Centre, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Biochemistry of Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.,Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Astar, Singapore
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Jiang C, Wu S, Jiang L, Gao Z, Li X, Duan Y, Li N, Sun T. Network-based approach to identify biomarkers predicting response and prognosis for HER2-negative breast cancer treatment with taxane-anthracycline neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7515. [PMID: 31534839 PMCID: PMC6730536 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify effective gene networks and biomarkers to predict response and prognosis for HER2-negative breast cancer patients who received sequential taxane-anthracycline neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptome data of training dataset including 310 HER2-negative breast cancer who received taxane-anthracycline treatment and an independent validation set with 198 samples were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach in R language. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis were performed for the selected genes. Module-clinical trait relationships were analyzed to explore the genes and pathways that associated with clinicopathological parameters. Log-rank tests and COX regression were used to identify the prognosis-related genes. RESULTS We found a significant correlation of an expression module with distant relapse-free survival (HR = 0.213, 95% CI [0.131-0.347], P = 4.80E-9). This blue module contained genes enriched in biological process of hormone levels regulation, reproductive system, response to estradiol, cell growth and mammary gland development as well as pathways including estrogen, apelin, cAMP, the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. From this module, we further screened and validated six hub genes (CA12, FOXA1, MLPH, XBP1, GATA3 and MAGED2), the expression of which were significantly associated with both better chemotherapeutic response and favorable survival for BC patients. CONCLUSION We used WGCNA approach to reveal a gene network that regulate HER2-negative breast cancer treatment with taxane-anthracycline neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which enriched in pathways of estrogen signaling, apelin signaling, cAMP signaling, the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, genes of CA12, FOXA1, MLPH, XBP1, GATA3 and MAGED2 might serve as novel biomarkers predicting chemotherapeutic response and prognosis for HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhichao Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yangyang Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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19
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Peixoto A, Relvas-Santos M, Azevedo R, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Protein Glycosylation and Tumor Microenvironment Alterations Driving Cancer Hallmarks. Front Oncol 2019; 9:380. [PMID: 31157165 PMCID: PMC6530332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have disclosed a plethora of alterations in protein glycosylation that decisively impact in all stages of disease and ultimately contribute to more aggressive cell phenotypes. The biosynthesis of cancer-associated glycans and its reflection in the glycoproteome is driven by microenvironmental cues and these events act synergistically toward disease evolution. Such intricate crosstalk provides the molecular foundations for the activation of relevant oncogenic pathways and leads to functional alterations driving invasion and disease dissemination. However, it also provides an important source of relevant glyco(neo)epitopes holding tremendous potential for clinical intervention. Therefore, we highlight the transversal nature of glycans throughout the currently accepted cancer hallmarks, with emphasis on the crosstalk between glycans and the tumor microenvironment stromal components. Focus is also set on the pressing need to include glycans and glycoconjugates in comprehensive panomics models envisaging molecular-based precision medicine capable of improving patient care. We foresee that this may provide the necessary rationale for more comprehensive studies and molecular-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Azevedo
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Albuquerque APB, Balmaña M, Mereiter S, Pinto F, Reis CA, Beltrão EIC. Hypoxia and serum deprivation induces glycan alterations in triple negative breast cancer cells. Biol Chem 2019; 399:661-672. [PMID: 29894296 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major global public health problem. The lack of targeted therapy and the elevated mortality evidence the need for better knowledge of the tumor biology. Hypoxia and aberrant glycosylation are associated with advanced stages of malignancy, tumor progression and treatment resistance. Importantly, serum deprivation regulates the invasive phenotype and favors TNBC cell survival. However, in TNBC, the role of hypoxia and serum deprivation in the regulation of glycosylation remains largely unknown. The effects of hypoxia and serum deprivation on the expression of glycosyltransferases and glycan profile were evaluated in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. We showed that the overexpression of HIF-1α was accompanied by acquisition of epithelial-mesenchimal transition features. Significant upregulation of fucosyl- and sialyltransferases involved in the synthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens was observed together with changes in fucosylation and sialylation detected by Aleuria aurantia lectin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin lectin blots. Bioinformatic analysis further indicated a mechanism by which HIF-1α can regulate ST3GAL6 expression and the relationship within the intrinsic characteristics of TNBC tumors. In conclusion, our results showed the involvement of hypoxia and serum deprivation in glycosylation profile regulation of TNBC cells triggering breast cancer aggressive features and suggesting glycosylation as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P B Albuquerque
- Biomarkers in Cancer Research Group (BmC) - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Meritxell Balmaña
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan Mereiter
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo I C Beltrão
- Biomarkers in Cancer Research Group (BmC) - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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21
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Montgomery MR, Hull EE. Alterations in the glycome after HDAC inhibition impact oncogenic potential in epigenetically plastic SW13 cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:79. [PMID: 30651077 PMCID: PMC6335691 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Defects in the type and degree of cellular glycosylation impact oncogenesis on multiple levels. Although the type of glycosylation is determined by protein sequence encoded by the genome, the extent and modifications of glycosylation depends on the activity of biosynthetic enzymes and recent data suggests that the glycome is also subject to epigenetic regulation. This study focuses on the ability of HDAC inhibition to alter glycosylation and to lead to pro-oncogenic alterations in the glycome as assessed by metastatic potential and chemoresistance. Methods Epigenetically plastic SW13 adrenocortical carcinoma cells were treated with FK228, an HDAC inhibitor with high affinity for HDAC1 and, to a lesser extent, HDAC2. In comparing HDAC inhibitor treated and control cells, differential expression of glycome-related genes were assessed by microarray. Differential glycosylation was then assessed by lectin binding arrays and the ability of cellular proteins to bind to glycans was assessed by glycan binding arrays. Differential sensitivity to paclitaxel, proliferation, and MMP activity were also assessed. Results Treatment with FK228 alters expression of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways for a large number of glycome related genes including enzymes in all major glycosylation pathways and several glycan binding proteins. 84% of these differentially expressed glycome-related genes are linked to cancer, some as prognostic markers and others contributing basic oncogenic functions such as metastasis or chemoresistance. Glycan binding proteins also appear to be differentially expressed as protein extracts from treated and untreated cells show differential binding to glycan arrays. The impact of differential mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes was documented by differential lectin binding. However, the assessment of changes in the glycome is complicated by the fact that detection of differential glycosylation through lectin binding is dependent on the methods used to prepare samples as protein-rich lysates show different binding than fixed cells in several cases. Paralleling the alterations in the glycome, treatment of SW13 cells with FK228 increases metastatic potential and reduces sensitivity to paclitaxel. Conclusions The glycome is substantially altered by HDAC inhibition and these changes may have far-reaching impacts on oncogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5129-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKale R Montgomery
- College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
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22
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Wu X, Zhao J, Ruan Y, Sun L, Xu C, Jiang H. Sialyltransferase ST3GAL1 promotes cell migration, invasion, and TGF-β1-induced EMT and confers paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 30375371 PMCID: PMC6207573 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialyltransferases transfer sialic acid to nascent oligosaccharides and are upregulated in cancer. The inhibition of sialyltransferases is emerging as a potential strategy to prevent metastasis in several cancers, including ovarian cancer. ST3GAL1 is a sialyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates and is associated with cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, the function of ST3GAL1 in ovarian cancer is uncertain. Herein, we use qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of ST3GAL1 in ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines and investigate whether it influences resistance to paclitaxel in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. We found that ST3GAL1 is upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and in the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and OVCAR3 but downregulated in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of ST3GAL1 in A2780 cells increases cell growth, migration, and invasion whereas ST3GAL1 knockdown in SKOV-3 cells decreases cell growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, overexpression of ST3GAL1 increases resistance to paclitaxel while downregulation of ST3GAL1 decreases resistance to paclitaxel in vitro, and overexpression of ST3GAL1 increases tumorigenicity and resistance to paclitaxel in vivo. Transforming growth factor-β1 can increase ST3GAL1 expression and induce ovarian cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, knockdown of ST3GAL1 inhibits EMT expression. Taken together, our findings have identified a regulatory mechanism involving ST3GAL1 in ovarian cancer. ST3GAL1 may be a promising target for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases; The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Junda Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, 830054, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li Sun
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases; The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases; The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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23
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Josic D, Martinovic T, Pavelic K. Glycosylation and metastases. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:140-150. [PMID: 30246896 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The change of cellular glycosylation is one of the key events in malignant transformation and neoplastic progression, and tumor-related glycosylation alterations are promising targets in both tumor diagnosis and therapy. Both malignant transformation and neoplastic progression are the consequence of gene expression alterations and alterations in protein expression. Micro environmental factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) also play an important role in their growth and metastasis. Tumor-associated glycans are important biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and analytical methods for their detection were developed recently. Glycoproteomics that use mass spectrometry for identification of cancer antigens and structural analysis of glycans play a key role in the investigation of changes of glycosylation during malignant transformation and tumor development and metastasis. Deep understanding of glycan remodeling in cancer and the role of glycosyltransferases that are involved in this process will require a detailed profiling of glycosylation patterns of tumor cells, and corresponding analytical methods for their detection were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Josic
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University Juraj Dobrila, Pula, Croatia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Pavelic
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University Juraj Dobrila, Pula, Croatia
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24
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Yin F, Yi S, Wei L, Zhao B, Li J, Cai X, Dong C, Liu X. Microarray-based identification of genes associated with prognosis and drug resistance in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6057-6070. [PMID: 30335894 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The outcome for patients with ovarian cancer (OC) is poor because of drug resistance. Therefore, identification of factors that affect drug resistance and prognosis in OC is needed. In the present study, we identified 131 genes significantly dysregulated in 90 platinum-resistant OC tissues compared with 197 sensitive tissues, of which 30 were significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS; n = 16), overall survival (OS; n = 6), or both (n = 8) in 489 OC patients of the The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Of these 30 genes, 17 were significantly upregulated and 13 were downregulated in the 90 resistant tissues, and with one exception, all of the up-/downregulated genes in resistant tissues were predictors of shorter DFS or/and OS. LAX1, MECOM, and PDIA4 were independent risk factors for DFS, and KLF1, SLC7A11, and PDIA4 for OS; combining these genes provided more accurate predictions for DFS and OS than any of the genes used individually. We further verified downregulation of PDIA4 protein in 51 specimens of patients with OC (24 drug resistant's and 27 sensitive's), which confirmed that downregulated PDIA4 predicted DFS and OS. PDIA4 also consistently predicted OS in a larger sample of 1656 patients with OC. These 30 genes, particularly the PDIA4, could be therapeutic targets or biomarkers for managing OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yin
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Luwei Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinqian Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jingning People's Hospital, Jingning, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangxue Cai
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Caihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Centre for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Centre for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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25
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Zhang Z, Wuhrer M, Holst S. Serum sialylation changes in cancer. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:139-160. [PMID: 29680984 PMCID: PMC5916985 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in both developing and developed countries. Early detection and efficient therapy can greatly enhance survival. Aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be one of the hallmarks of cancer as glycans participate in many cancer-associated events. Cancer-associated glycosylation changes often involve sialic acids which play important roles in cell-cell interaction, recognition and immunological response. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the literature on changes of sialylation in serum of cancer patients. Furthermore, the methods available to measure serum and plasma sialic acids as well as possible underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in the serum sialylation changes are surveyed. In general, total serum sialylation levels appear to be increased with various malignancies and show a potential for clinical applications, especially for disease monitoring and prognosis. In addition to overall sialic acid levels and the amount of sialic acid per total protein, glycoprofiling of specific cancer-associated glycoproteins, acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins in serum as well as the measurements of sialylation-related enzymes such as sialidases and sialyltransferases have been reported for early detection of cancer, assessing cancer progression and improving prognosis of cancer patients. Moreover, sialic-acid containing glycan antigens such as CA19-9, sialyl Lewis X and sialyl Tn on serum proteins have also displayed their value in cancer diagnosis and management whereby increased levels of these factors positively correlated with metastasis or poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands.
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26
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Wahl A, Kasela S, Carnero-Montoro E, van Iterson M, Štambuk J, Sharma S, van den Akker E, Klaric L, Benedetti E, Razdorov G, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Vučković F, Ugrina I, Beekman M, Deelen J, van Heemst D, Heijmans BT, B.I.O.S. Consortium, Wuhrer M, Plomp R, Keser T, Šimurina M, Pavić T, Gudelj I, Krištić J, Grallert H, Kunze S, Peters A, Bell JT, Spector TD, Milani L, Slagboom PE, Lauc G, Gieger C. IgG glycosylation and DNA methylation are interconnected with smoking. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:637-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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27
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Hyperglycemia exacerbates colon cancer malignancy through hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e306. [PMID: 28319096 PMCID: PMC5533945 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetes mellitus, considered as a risk factor for cancer. However, its direct effects in cancer cell behavior are relatively unexplored. Herein we show that high glucose concentration induces aberrant glycosylation, increased cell proliferation, invasion and tumor progression of colon cancer. By modulating the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), we demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is involved in those processes. Biopsies from patients with colon carcinoma show increased levels of GFAT and consequently aberrant glycans’ expression suggesting an increase of HBP flow in human colon cancer. All together, our results open the possibility that HBP links hyperglycemia, aberrant glycosylation and tumor malignancy, and suggest this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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