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Khoso MA, Wang M, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Qian G, Ko SN, Pang Q, Liu C, Li L. Bacillus altitudinis AD13-4 Enhances Saline-Alkali Stress Tolerance of Alfalfa and Affects Composition of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5785. [PMID: 38891975 PMCID: PMC11171787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Saline and alkaline stresses limit plant growth and reduce crop yield. Soil salinization and alkalization seriously threaten the sustainable development of agriculture and the virtuous cycle of ecology. Biofertilizers made from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) not only enhance plant growth and stress tolerance, but also are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. There have been many studies on the mechanisms underlying PGPRs enhancing plant salt resistance. However, there is limited knowledge about the interaction between PGPR and plants under alkaline-sodic stress. To clarify the mechanisms underlying PGPR's improvement of plants' tolerance to alkaline-sodic stress, we screened PGPR from the rhizosphere microorganisms of local plants growing in alkaline-sodic land and selected an efficient strain, Bacillus altitudinis AD13-4, as the research object. Our results indicate that the strain AD13-4 can produce various growth-promoting substances to regulate plant endogenous hormone levels, cell division and differentiation, photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, etc. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the strain AD13-4 significantly affected metabolism and secondary metabolism, signal transduction, photosynthesis, redox processes, and plant-pathogen interactions. Under alkaline-sodic conditions, inoculation of the strain AD13-4 significantly improved plant biomass and the contents of metabolites (e.g., soluble proteins and sugars) as well as secondary metabolites (e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that the strain AD13-4 significantly affected the abundance and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota and improved soil activities and physiochemical properties. Our study provides theoretical support for the optimization of saline-alkali-tolerant PGPR and valuable information for elucidating the mechanism of plant alkaline-sodic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmed Khoso
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Yongxue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Shenglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Song Nam Ko
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
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Nikalje GC, Srivastava AK, Shelake RM, Kadam US, Hong JC, Kim JY, Nikam TD, Suprasanna P. Profiling of conserved orthologs and miRNAs for understanding their role in salt tolerance mechanism of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9731-9738. [PMID: 37819497 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesuvium portulacastrum is a facultative halophyte capable of thriving in a saline environment. Despite molecular studies conducted to unravel its salt adaptation mechanism, there is a paucity of information on the role of salt-responsive orthologs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in this halophyte. Here, we searched the orthology to identify salt-responsive orthologs and miRNA targets of Sesuvium using the Arabidopsis genome. METHODS The relative fold change of orthologs, conserved miRNAs, and miRNA targets of Sesuvium was analyzed under 100 mM (LS) and 250 mM NaCl (HS) treatment at 24 h using qRT-PCR. The comparison between the expression of Sesuvium orthologs and Arabidopsis orthologs (Arabidopsis eFP browser database) was used to identify differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Upon salt treatment, we found that SpCIPK3 (1.95-fold in LS and 2.90-fold in HS) in Sesuvium roots, and SpNHX7 (1.61-fold in LS and 6.39-fold in HS) and, SpSTPK2 (2.54-fold in LS and 7.65-fold in HS) in Sesuvium leaves were upregulated in a salt concentration-specific manner. In Arabidopsis, these genes were either downregulated or did not show significant variation, implicating its significance in the halophytic nature of Sesuvium. Furthermore, miRNAs like miR394a, miR396a, and miR397a exhibited a negative correlation with their targets-Frigida interacting protein 1, Cysteine proteinases superfamily protein, and Putative laccase, respectively under different salt treatments. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the high salt tolerance in Sesuvium is associated with distinct transcriptional reprogramming, hence, to gain holistic mechanistic insights, global-scale profiling is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
- Department of Botany, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, Thane, 421 003, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - T D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India.
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Zhou Z, Liu J, Meng W, Sun Z, Tan Y, Liu Y, Tan M, Wang B, Yang J. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Rice with Different Salinity Tolerances. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3359. [PMID: 37836098 PMCID: PMC10574619 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a crucial global food crop, but it lacks a natural tolerance to high salt levels, resulting in significant yield reductions. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying rice's salt tolerance, further research is required. In this study, the transcriptomic and metabolomic differences between the salt-tolerant rice variety Lianjian5 (TLJIAN) and the salt-sensitive rice variety Huajing5 (HJING) were examined. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1518 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 46 previously reported salt-tolerance-related genes. Notably, most of the differentially expressed transcription factors, such as NAC, WRKY, MYB, and EREBP, were upregulated in the salt-tolerant rice. Metabolome analysis identified 42 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) that were upregulated in TLJIAN, including flavonoids, pyrocatechol, lignans, lipids, and trehalose-6-phosphate, whereas the majority of organic acids were downregulated in TLJIAN. The interaction network of 29 differentially expressed transporter genes and 19 upregulated metabolites showed a positive correlation between the upregulated calcium/cation exchange protein genes (OsCCX2 and CCX5_Ath) and ABC transporter gene AB2E_Ath with multiple upregulated DAMs in the salt-tolerant rice variety. Similarly, in the interaction network of differentially expressed transcription factors and 19 upregulated metabolites in TLJIAN, 6 NACs, 13 AP2/ERFs, and the upregulated WRKY transcription factors were positively correlated with 3 flavonoids, 3 lignans, and the lipid oleamide. These results suggested that the combined effects of differentially expressed transcription factors, transporter genes, and DAMs contribute to the enhancement of salt tolerance in TLJIAN. Moreover, this study provides a valuable gene-metabolite network reference for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.S.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.L.); (W.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Wenna Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.L.); (W.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.S.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiluo Tan
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.S.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.S.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingpu Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.L.); (W.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.S.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Barbafieri M, Bretzel F, Scartazza A, Di Baccio D, Rosellini I, Grifoni M, Pini R, Clementi A, Franchi E. Response to Hypersalinity of Four Halophytes Growing in Hydroponic Floating Systems: Prospects in the Phytomanagement of High Saline Wastewaters and Extreme Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1737. [PMID: 37176795 PMCID: PMC10181242 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline environments occur naturally worldwide in arid and semiarid regions or in artificial areas where the discharge of highly saline wastewaters, such as produced water (PW) from oil and gas industrial setups, has concentrated salt (NaCl). Halophytes can tolerate high NaCl concentrations by adopting ion extrusion and inclusion mechanisms at cell, tissue, and organ levels; however, there is still much that is not clear in the response of these plants to salinity and completely unknown issues in hypersaline conditions. Mechanisms of tolerance to saline and hypersaline conditions of four different halophytes (Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk, Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb., Juncus maritimus Lam. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel) were assessed by analysing growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment parameters, nutrients, and sodium (Na) uptake and distribution in different organs. Plants were exposed to high saline (257 mM or 15 g L-1 NaCl) and extremely high or hypersaline (514, 856, and 1712 mM or 30, 50, and 100 g L-1 NaCl) salt concentrations in a hydroponic floating culture system for 28 days. The two dicotyledonous S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum resulted in greater tolerance to hypersaline concentrations than the two monocotyledonous species J. maritimus and P. australis. Plant biomass and major cation (K, Ca, and Mg) distributions among above- and below-ground organs evidenced the osmoprotectant roles of K in the leaves of S. fruticosa, and of Ca and Mg in the leaves and stem of H. strobilaceum. In J. maritimus and P. australis the rhizome modulated the reduced uptake and translocation of nutrients and Na to shoot with increasing salinity levels. S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum absorbed and accumulated elevated Na amounts in the aerial parts at all the NaCl doses tested, with high bioaccumulation (from 0.5 to 8.3) and translocation (1.7-16.2) factors. In the two monocotyledons, Na increased in the root and rhizome with the increasing concentration of external NaCl, dramatically reducing the growth in J. maritimus at both 50 and 100 g L-1 NaCl and compromising the survival of P. australis at 30 g L-1 NaCl and over after two weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Barbafieri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Bretzel
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Rosellini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Martina Grifoni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Alice Clementi
- Eni S.p.A., Subsurface and Wells R&D Projects, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Franchi
- Eni S.p.A., R&D Environmental &Biological Laboratories, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
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Wang X, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu P, Qian G, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Li L. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Stress Response of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Genes in Quinoa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086950. [PMID: 37108114 PMCID: PMC10138372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress seriously affects the yield and quality of crops, threatening food security and ecological security. Improving saline-alkali land and increasing effective cultivated land are conducive to sustainable agricultural development. Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, is closely related to plant growth and development and stress response. Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are key enzymes catalyzing trehalose biosynthesis. To elucidate the effects of long-term saline-alkali stress on trehalose synthesis and metabolism, we conducted an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis. As a result, 13 TPS and 11 TPP genes were identified in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and were named CqTPS1-13 and CqTPP1-11 according to the order of their Gene IDs. Through phylogenetic analysis, the CqTPS family is divided into two classes, and the CqTPP family is divided into three classes. Analyses of physicochemical properties, gene structures, conservative domains and motifs in the proteins, and cis-regulatory elements, as well as evolutionary relationships, indicate that the TPS and TPP family characteristics are highly conserved in quinoa. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the sucrose and starch metabolism pathway in leaves undergoing saline-alkali stress indicate that CqTPP and Class II CqTPS genes are involved in the stress response. Moreover, the accumulation of some metabolites and the expression of many regulatory genes in the trehalose biosynthesis pathway changed significantly, suggesting the metabolic process is important for the saline-alkali stress response in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Leaves Response to High Saline-Alkali Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044062. [PMID: 36835473 PMCID: PMC9960601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops grown worldwide, and saline-alkali stress seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. It is imperative to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying rice response to saline-alkali stress. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome to elucidate the effects of long-term saline-alkali stress on rice. High saline-alkali stress (pH > 9.5) induced significant changes in gene expression and metabolites, including 9347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 693 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Among the DAMs, lipids and amino acids accumulation were greatly enhanced. The pathways of the ABC transporter, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, and linoleic acid metabolism, etc., were significantly enriched with DEGs and DAMs. These results suggest that the metabolites and pathways play important roles in rice's response to high saline-alkali stress. Our study deepens the understanding of mechanisms response to saline-alkali stress and provides references for molecular design breeding of saline-alkali resistant rice.
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Duan Y, Lei T, Li W, Jiang M, Zhao Z, Yu X, Li Y, Yang L, Li J, Gao S. Enhanced Na + and Cl - sequestration and secretion selectivity contribute to high salt tolerance in the tetraploid recretohalophyte Plumbago auriculata Lam. PLANTA 2023; 257:52. [PMID: 36757459 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced secretion of Na+ and Cl- in leaf glands and leaf vacuolar sequestration of Na+ or root retention of Cl-, combined with K+ retention, contribute to the improved salt tolerance of tetraploid recretohalophyte P. auriculata. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic factors threatening plant growth and development, and polyploids generally exhibit higher salt stress resistance than diploids. In recretohalophytes, which secrete ions from the salt gland in leaf epidermal cells, the effects of polyploidization on ion homeostasis and secretion remain unknown. In this study, we compared the morphology, physiology, and ion homeostasis regulation of diploid and autotetraploid accessions of the recretohalophyte Plumbago auriculata Lam. after treatment with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The results showed that salt stress altered the morphology, photosynthetic efficiency, and chloroplast structure of diploid P. auriculata to a greater extent than those of its tetraploid counterpart. Moreover, the contents of organic osmoregulatory substances (proline and soluble sugars) were significantly higher in the tetraploid than in the diploid, while those of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower. Analysis of ion homeostasis revealed that the tetraploid cytotype accumulated more Na+ in stems and leaves and more Cl- in roots but less K+ loss in roots compared with diploid P. auriculata. Additionally, the rate of Na+ and Cl- secretion from the leaf surface was higher, while that of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ secretion was lower in tetraploid plants. X-ray microanalysis of mesophyll cells revealed that Na+ mainly accumulated in different cellular compartments in the tetraploid (vacuole) and diploid (cytoplasm) plants. Our results suggest that polyploid recretohalophytes require the ability to sequester Na+ and Cl-(via accumulation in leaf cell vacuoles or unloading by roots) and selectively secrete these ions (through salt glands) together with the ability to prevent K+ loss (by roots). This mechanism required to maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis in polyploid recretohalophytes under high salinity provides new insights in the improved maintenance of ion homeostasis in polyploids under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zi'an Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yirui Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Chen Y, Li H, Zhang S, Du S, Wang G, Zhang J, Jiang J. Analysis of the Antioxidant Mechanism of Tamarix ramosissima Roots under NaCl Stress Based on Physiology, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2362. [PMID: 36552570 PMCID: PMC9774368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a serious problem with soil salinization that affects the growth and development of plants. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb (T. ramosissima), as a halophyte, is widely used for afforestation in salinized soils. At present, there are few reports on the antioxidant mechanism of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress. In this study, we learned about the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content changes in T. ramosissima. We also mined the relevant metabolic pathways in the antioxidant mechanism, candidate key genes, and their related differential metabolites and verified them using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results show that the SOD, POD, and CAT activities, and the H2O2 and MDA content reached the highest values in the roots of T. ramosissima. Simultaneously, 92 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to antioxidant enzyme activities changed during 48 and 168 h of NaCl stress, and these DEGs were mainly upregulated in 168 h. Based on the association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we found Unigene0089358 and Unigene0007782 as genes related to key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. They were located in the upstream positive regulation at 48 and 168 h under NaCl stress, and their respective related metabolites (phloretin and pinocembrin) were involved in resistance to NaCl stress, and they were significantly correlated with their respective metabolites. In conclusion, at 48 and 168 h under NaCl stress, the roots of T. ramosissima resist NaCl stress by enhancing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, scavenging ROS generated by high-salt stress, alleviating NaCl toxicity, and maintaining the growth of T. ramosissima. This study provides genetic resources and a scientific theoretical basis for further breeding of salt-tolerant Tamarix plants and the molecular mechanism of antioxidants to alleviate NaCl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Haijia Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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9
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Gao Y, Zhao B, Jiao X, Chen M, Wang B, Yuan F. Coupled Development of Salt Glands, Stomata, and Pavement Cells in Limonium bicolor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745422. [PMID: 34956255 PMCID: PMC8695552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Salt-resistant plants have different mechanisms to limit the deleterious effects of high salt in soil; for example, recretohalophytes secrete salt from unique structures called salt glands. Salt glands are the first differentiated epidermal structure of the recretohalophyte sea lavender (Limonium bicolor), followed by stomata and pavement cells. While salt glands and stomata develop prior to leaf expansion, it is not clear whether these steps are connected. Here, we explored the effects of the five phytohormones salicylic acid, brassinolide, methyl jasmonate, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid on the development of the first expanded leaf of L. bicolor and its potential connection to salt gland, stomata, and pavement cell differentiation. We calculated the total number of salt glands, stomata, and pavement cells, as well as leaf area and pavement cell area, and assessed the correlations between these parameters. We detected strong and positive correlations between salt gland number and pavement cell area, between stomatal number and pavement cell area, and between salt gland number and stomatal number. We observed evidence of coupling between the development of salt glands, stomata, and pavement cells in L. bicolor, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the mechanism behind salt gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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10
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İbrahimova U, Kumari P, Yadav S, Rastogi A, Antala M, Suleymanova Z, Zivcak M, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Hussain S, Abdelhamid M, Hajihashemi S, Yang X, Brestic M. Progress in understanding salt stress response in plants using biotechnological tools. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:180-191. [PMID: 33610656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinization is a worldwide environmental problem, which is negatively impacting crop yield and thus posing a threat to the world's food security. Considering the rising threat of salinity, it is need of time, to understand the salt tolerant mechanism in plants and find avenues for the development of salinity resistant plants. Several plants tolerate salinity in a different manner, thereby halophytes and glycophytes evolved altered mechanisms to counter the stress. Therefore, in this review article, physiological, metabolic, and molecular aspects of the plant adaptation to salt stress have been discussed. The conventional breeding techniques for developing salt tolerant plants has not been much successful, due to its multigenic trait. The inflow of data from plant sequencing projects and annotation of genes led to the identification of many putative genes having a role in salt stress. The bioinformatics tools provided preliminary information and were helpful for making salt stress-specific databases. The microRNA identification and characterization led to unraveling the finer intricacies of the network. The transgenic approach finally paved a way for overexpressing some important genes viz. DREB, MYB, COMT, SOS, PKE, NHX, etc. conferred salt stress tolerance. In this review, we tried to show the effect of salinity on plants, considering ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense response, proteins involved, possible utilization of transgenic plants, and bioinformatics for coping with this stress factor. An overview of previous studies related to salt stress is presented in order to assist researchers in providing a potential solution for this increasing environmental threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkar İbrahimova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333515, India; Scientist Hostel-S-02, Chauras campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michal Antala
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Zarifa Suleymanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sajad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | | | - Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616, Iran
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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11
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Carfagna S, Salbitani G, Innangi M, Menale B, De Castro O, Di Martino C, Crawford TW. Simultaneous Biochemical and Physiological Responses of the Roots and Leaves of Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) to Mild Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:345. [PMID: 33670404 PMCID: PMC7918514 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) is a bulbous geophyte growing on coastal sands. In this study, we investigated changes in concentrations of metabolites in the root and leaf tissue of P. maritimum in response to mild salt stress. Changes in concentrations of osmolytes, glutathione, sodium, mineral nutrients, enzymes, and other compounds in the leaves and roots were measured at 0, 3, and 10 days during a 10-day exposure to two levels of mild salt stress, 50 mM NaCl or 100 mM NaCl in sandy soil from where the plants were collected in dunes near Cuma, Italy. Sodium accumulated in the roots, and relatively little was translocated to the leaves. At both concentrations of NaCl, higher values of the concentrations of oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), compared to reduced glutathione (GSH), in roots and leaves were associated with salt tolerance. The concentration of proline increased more in the leaves than in the roots, and glycine betaine increased in both roots and leaves. Differences in the accumulation of organic osmolytes and electron donors synthesized in both leaves and roots demonstrate that osmoregulatory and electrical responses occur in these organs of P. maritimum under mild salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Carfagna
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (G.S.); (B.M.); (O.D.C.)
| | - Giovanna Salbitani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (G.S.); (B.M.); (O.D.C.)
| | - Michele Innangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Bruno Menale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (G.S.); (B.M.); (O.D.C.)
| | - Olga De Castro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (G.S.); (B.M.); (O.D.C.)
| | - Catello Di Martino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente ed Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Thomas W. Crawford
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente ed Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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12
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Goad DM, Baxter I, Kellogg EA, Olsen KM. Hybridization, polyploidy and clonality influence geographic patterns of diversity and salt tolerance in the model halophyte seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum). Mol Ecol 2020; 30:148-161. [PMID: 33128807 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In plant species, variation in levels of clonality, ploidy and interspecific hybridization can interact to influence geographic patterns of genetic diversity. These factors commonly vary in plants that specialize on saline habitats (halophytes) and may play a role in how they adapt to salinity variation across their range. One such halophyte is the turfgrass and emerging genomic model system seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). To investigate how clonal propagation, ploidy variation, and interspecific hybridization vary across ecotypes and local salinity levels in wild P. vaginatum, we employed genotyping-by-sequencing, cpDNA sequencing and flow cytometry in 218 accessions representing > 170 wild collections from throughout the coastal southern United States plus USDA germplasm. We found that the two morphologically distinct ecotypes of P. vaginatum differ in their adaptive strategies. The fine-textured ecotype is diploid and appears to reproduce in the wild both sexually and by clonal propagation; in contrast, the coarse-textured ecotype consists largely of clonally-propagating triploid and diploid genotypes. The coarse-textured ecotype appears to be derived from hybridization between fine-textured P. vaginatum and an unidentified Paspalum species. These clonally propagating hybrid genotypes are more broadly distributed than clonal fine-textured genotypes and may represent a transition to a more generalist adaptive strategy. Additionally, the triploid genotypes vary in whether they carry one or two copies of the P. vaginatum subgenome, indicating multiple evolutionary origins. This variation in subgenome composition shows associations with local ocean salinity levels across the sampled populations and may play a role in local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goad
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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13
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Szepesi Á. Halotropism: Phytohormonal Aspects and Potential Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571025. [PMID: 33042187 PMCID: PMC7527526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halotropism is a sodium specific tropic movement of roots in order to obtain the optimal salt concentration for proper growth and development. Numerous results suggest that halotropic events are under the control and regulation of complex plant hormone pathway. This minireview collects some recent evidences about sodium sensing during halotropism and the hormonal regulation of halotropic responses in glycophytes. The precise hormonal mechanisms by which halophytes plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth forward increased salt concentrations are not well understood. This minireview aims to gather recently deciphered information about halotropism focusing potential hormonal aspects both in glycophytes and halophytes. Advances in our understanding of halotropic responses in different plant species could help these plants to be used for sustainable agriculture and other future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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