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Guan L, Liu J, Wang R, Mu Y, Sun T, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhu N, Ji X, Lu Y, Wang Y. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Flower Color Differentiation Mechanisms in Various Sophora japonica L. Petal Types. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1466. [PMID: 38132292 PMCID: PMC10740404 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sophora japonica L. is an important landscaping and ornamental tree species throughout southern and northern parts of China. The most common color of S. japonica petals is yellow and white. In this study, S. japonica flower color mutants with yellow and white flag petals and light purple-red wing and keel petals were used for transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of flower color variation in S. japonica 'AM' mutant, 36 anthocyanin metabolites were screened in the anthocyanin-targeting metabolome. The results demonstrated that cyanidins such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside in the 'AM' mutant were the key metabolites responsible for the red color of the wing and keel petals. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified the key structural genes and transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Among these, F3'5'H, ANS, UFGT79B1, bHLH, and WRKY expression was significantly correlated with the cyanidin-type anthocyanins (key regulatory factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis) in the flag, wing, and keel petals in S. japonica at various flower development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Guan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Jinshi Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Ruilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yanjuan Mu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yunchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Nana Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
- State-Owned Yishan Forest Farm in Yishui County, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Xinyue Ji
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yizeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
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Li K, Yan Z, Mu Q, Zhang Q, Liu H, Wang F, Li A, Ding T, Zhao H, Wang P. Overexpressing Ribosomal Protein L16D Affects Leaf Development but Confers Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119479. [PMID: 37298429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant cells, multiple paralogs from ribosomal protein (RP) families are always synchronously expressed, which is likely contributing to ribosome heterogeneity or functional specialization. However, previous studies have shown that most RP mutants share common phenotypes. Consequently, it is difficult to distinguish whether the phenotypes of the mutants have resulted from the loss of specific genes or a global ribosome deficiency. Here, to investigate the role of a specific RP gene, we employed a gene overexpression strategy. We found that Arabidopsis lines overexpressing RPL16D (L16D-OEs) display short and curled rosette leaves. Microscopic observations reveal that both the cell size and cell arrangement are affected in L16D-OEs. The severity of the defect is positively correlated with RPL16D dosage. By combining transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, we found that overexpressing RPL16D decreases the expression of genes involved in plant growth, but increases the expression of genes involved in immune response. Overall, our results suggest that RPL16D is involved in the balance between plant growth and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingtian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ao Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Ahmad N, Zhang K, Ma J, Yuan M, Zhao S, Wang M, Deng L, Ren L, Gangurde SS, Pan J, Ma C, Li C, Guo B, Wang X, Li A, Zhao C. Transcriptional networks orchestrating red and pink testa color in peanut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 36658483 PMCID: PMC9850581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testa color is an important trait of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) which is closely related with the nutritional and commercial value. Pink and red are main color of peanut testa. However, the genetic mechanism of testa color regulation in peanut is not fully understood. To elucidate a clear picture of peanut testa regulatory model, samples of pink cultivar (Y9102), red cultivar (ZH12), and two RNA pools (bulk red and bulk pink) constructed from F4 lines of Y9102 x ZH12 were compared through a bulk RNA-seq approach. RESULTS A total of 2992 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among which 317 and 1334 were up-regulated and 225 and 1116 were down-regulated in the bulk red-vs-bulk pink RNA pools and Y9102-vs-ZH12, respectively. KEGG analysis indicates that these genes were divided into significantly enriched metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid, flavonoid/anthocyanin, isoflavonoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the expression of the anthocyanin upstream regulatory genes PAL, CHS, and CHI was upregulated in pink and red testa peanuts, indicating that their regulation may occur before to the advent of testa pigmentation. However, the differential expression of down-stream regulatory genes including F3H, DFR, and ANS revealed that deepening of testa color not only depends on their gene expression bias, but also linked with FLS inhibition. In addition, the down-regulation of HCT, IFS, HID, 7-IOMT, and I2'H genes provided an alternative mechanism for promoting anthocyanin accumulation via perturbation of lignin and isoflavone pathways. Furthermore, the co-expression module of MYB, bHLH, and WRKY transcription factors also suggested a fascinating transcriptional activation complex, where MYB-bHLH could utilize WRKY as a co-option during the testa color regulation by augmenting anthocyanin biosynthesis in peanut. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal candidate functional genes and potential strategies for the manipulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis to improve peanut varieties with desirable testa color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266199, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266199, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng, 475008, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng, 475008, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunil S Gangurde
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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Yao X, Yao Y, An L, Li X, Bai Y, Cui Y, Wu K. Accumulation and regulation of anthocyanins in white and purple Tibetan Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) revealed by combined de novo transcriptomics and metabolomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 35922757 PMCID: PMC9351122 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colored barley, which may have associated human health benefits, is more desirable than the standard white variety, but the metabolites and molecular mechanisms underlying seedcoat coloration remain unclear. RESULTS Here, the development of Tibetan hulless barley was monitored, and 18 biological samples at 3 seedcoat color developmental stages were analyzed by transcriptomic and metabolic assays in Nierumuzha (purple) and Kunlun10 (white). A total of 41 anthocyanin compounds and 4186 DEGs were identified. Then we constructed the proanthocyanin-anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of Tibetan hulless barley, including 19 genes encoding structural enzymes in 12 classes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, DFR, ANS, ANR, GT, and ACT). 11 DEGs other than ANR were significantly upregulated in Nierumuzha as compared to Kunlun10, leading to high levels of 15 anthocyanin compounds in this variety (more than 25 times greater than the contents in Kunlun10). ANR was significantly upregulated in Kunlun10 as compared to Nierumuzha, resulting in higher contents of three anthocyanins compounds (more than 5 times greater than the contents in Nierumuzha). In addition, 22 TFs, including MYBs, bHLHs, NACs, bZips, and WD40s, were significantly positively or negatively correlated with the expression patterns of the structural genes. Moreover, comparisons of homologous gene sequences between the two varieties identified 61 putative SNPs in 13 of 19 structural genes. A nonsense mutation was identified in the coding sequence of the ANS gene in Kunlun10. This mutation might encode a nonfunctional protein, further reducing anthocyanin accumulation in Kunlun10. Then we identified 3 modules were highly specific to the Nierumuzha (purple) using WGCNA. Moreover, 12 DEGs appeared both in the putative proanthocyanin-anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and the protein co-expression network were obtained and verified. CONCLUSION Our study constructed the proanthocyanin-anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of Tibetan hulless barley. A series of compounds, structural genes and TFs responsible for the differences between purple and white hulless barley were obtained in this pathway. Our study improves the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation and biosynthesis in barley seeds. It provides new targets for the genetic improvement of anthocyanin content and a framework for improving the nutritional quality of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yao
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Likun An
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yixiong Bai
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, 810016, China.
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China.
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Sun H, Song H, Deng X, Liu J, Yang D, Zhang M, Wang Y, Xin J, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang M. Transcriptome-Wide Characterization of Alkaloids and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Lotus Plumule. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:885503. [PMID: 35677240 PMCID: PMC9168470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus plumule is a green tissue in the middle of seeds that predominantly accumulates bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (bis-BIAs) and chlorophyll (Chl). However, the biosynthetic mechanisms of these two metabolites remain largely unknown in lotus. This study used physiological and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approaches to characterize the development and molecular mechanisms of bis-BIAs and Chl biosynthesis in lotus plumule. Physiological analysis revealed that exponential plumule growth occurred between 9 and 15 days after pollination (DAP), which coincided with the onset of bis-BIAs biosynthesis and its subsequent rapid accumulation. Transcriptome analysis of lotus plumule identified a total of 8,725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), representing ~27.7% of all transcripts in the lotus genome. Sixteen structural DEGs, potentially associated with bis-BIAs biosynthesis, were identified. Of these, 12 encoded O-methyltransferases (OMTs) are likely involved in the methylation and bis-BIAs diversity in lotus. In addition, functionally divergent paralogous and redundant homologous gene members of the BIAs biosynthesis pathway, as well as transcription factors co-expressed with bis-BIAs and Chl biosynthesis genes, were identified. Twenty-two genes encoding 16 conserved enzymes of the Chl biosynthesis pathway were identified, with the majority being significantly upregulated by Chl biosynthesis. Photosynthesis and Chl biosynthesis pathways were simultaneously activated during lotus plumule development. Moreover, our results showed that light-driven Pchlide reduction is essential for Chl biosynthesis in the lotus plumule. These results will be useful for enhancing our understanding of alkaloids and Chl biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Heyun Song
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbao Deng
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Gan S, Zheng G, Zhu S, Qian J, Liang L. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Mechanism of Color Formation in Liriope spicata Fruit. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020144. [PMID: 35208218 PMCID: PMC8879266 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liriope spicata is an important ornamental ground cover plant, with a fruit color that turns from green to black during the development and ripening stages. However, the material basis and regulatory mechanism of the color variation remains unclear. In this study, a total of 31 anthocyanins and 2 flavonols were identified from the skin of L. spicata fruit via integrative analysis on the metabolome and transcriptome of three developmental stages. The pigments of black/mature fruits are composed of five common anthocyanin compounds, of which Peonidin 3–O–rutinoside and Delphinidin 3–O–glucoside are the most differential metabolites for color conversion. Using dual-omics joint analysis, the mechanism of color formation was obtained as follows. The expression of structural genes including 4CL, F3H, F3′H, F3′5′H and UFGT were activated due to the upregulation of transcription factor genes MYB and bHLH. As a result, a large amount of precursor substances for the synthesis of flavonoids accumulated. After glycosylation, stable pigments were generated which promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins and the formation of black skin.
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Bodoira R, Cecilia Cittadini M, Velez A, Rossi Y, Montenegro M, Martínez M, Maestri D. An overview on extraction, composition, bioactivity and food applications of peanut phenolics. Food Chem 2022; 381:132250. [PMID: 35121321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peanuts contain a diverse and vast array of phenolic compounds having important biological properties. They are allocated mostly in the seed coat (skin), an industrial waste with minor and undervalued applications. In the last few years, a considerable amount of scientific knowledge about extraction, composition, bioactivities and health benefits of peanut skin phenolics has been generated. The present review was focused on four main aspects: a) extraction methods and technologies for obtaining peanut skin phenolics with an emphasis on green-solvent extraction processes; b) variations in chemical profiles including those due to genetic variability, extraction methodologies and process-related issues; c) bioactive properties, especially antioxidant activities in food and biological systems; d) update of promising food applications. The revision was also aimed at identifying areas where knowledge is insufficient and to set priorities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bodoira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Cittadini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - Alexis Velez
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - Yanina Rossi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Argentina
| | - Mariana Montenegro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina.
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8
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Transcriptomic and metabolomic joint analysis reveals distinct flavonoid biosynthesis regulation for variegated testa color development in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:10721. [PMID: 34021210 PMCID: PMC8140124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut is one of the important oil and economic crops, among which the variegated testa peanut is a unique member. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pigment synthesis in variegated testa are still unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flavonoid metabolism pathway in pigmented areas indicated that there were 27 DEGs highly related to the synthesis of variegated testa color among 1,050 DEGs. Of these 27, 13 were up-regulated and 14 were down-regulated, including 3 PALs, 1 C4H, 2 CHSs, 1 F3H, 1 F3'H, 2 DFRs, 2 LARs, 2 IAAs, 4 bHLHs, and 9 MYBs. GO (Gene Ontology) analysis indicated that DEGs were similarly enriched in three branches. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis suggested flavonoid biosynthesis is the most direct metabolic pathway for the synthesis of testa variegation. The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) results showed that cyanidin and delphinidin were the primary metabolites that caused the color differences between the pigmented and the non-pigmented areas. Through the verification of 20 DEGs via qPCR, the results were consistent with transcriptome sequencing in four comparison groups. The results in this study lay the foundation for revealing the molecular regulation mechanisms of flavonoid synthesis in variegated testa peanut.
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Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080891. [PMID: 32764272 PMCID: PMC7464560 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines.
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