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Xiang S, Cheng Z, Shi W, Zheng T, Yingli Gao, Zhang J, Huang L. Progress in process parameters and mechanism research of polymer emulsion preparation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16024-16044. [PMID: 38765475 PMCID: PMC11100305 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As a new type of concrete admixture, polymer emulsion is mainly used to strengthen the properties of concrete by adhesion and physical and chemical crosslinking with cement in concrete. Under the background of construction in the new era, it is of great significance to elucidate all aspects of concrete performance under the action of polymer emulsion. In this paper, the main formation process of polymer emulsion is reviewed, the influence of synthetic materials required for polymerization on the polymerization process is discussed, and the regulating effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, admixtures, and treatment methods on the synthesis process of polymer emulsion are analyzed. The action mechanism of polymer emulsion on concrete was deeply investigated, and the synthesis method was studied to provide an important experimental and theoretical basis for the preparation of new emulsion materials and the process of emulsion polymerization. The problems of polymer emulsion raw materials, synthetic conditions, and synthetic methods are introduced. The future development trend of polymer emulsion is predicted and the future research ideas are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Wei Shi
- Science and Technology Affairs Center of Hunan Province Changsha 410082 China
| | - Tingxiang Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yingli Gao
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Jiake Zhang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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2
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Zhang Y, Wei H, Hua B, Hu C, Zhang W. Preparation and application of the thermo-/pH-/ ion-sensitive semi-IPN hydrogel based on chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128968. [PMID: 38154725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan based hydrogels with multiple stimulus responses have broad application prospects in many fields. Considering the advantages of semi interpenetrating network (IPN) technology and the special temperature and ion responsiveness of polymers containing zwitterionic groups, a semi-IPN hydrogel was prepared through in situ free radical polymerization of N,N-dimethyl acrylamide and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker and carboxymethyl chitosan as filler. The gel mass fraction and swelling ratio were measured, and the preparation conditions were optimized. The result indicated that the hydrogel possessed a unique thermo-/pH-/ ion-sensitive behavior. The swelling ratio increased with the increase of temperature and ion concentration, and showed a decreasing trend with the increase in pH. In addition, the hydrogel was stable when the stimuli changed. Adsorption behavior of the hydrogel to Eosin Y (EY) was systematically investigated. The adsorption process can be described well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that it was a chemical adsorption. The experiments indicated that the hydrogel exhibited good antifouling and reusability features. Therefore, the semi-IPN hydrogel with antifouling properties and thermo-/pH-/ion-sensitivity can be easily manufactured is expected to find applications in water treatment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hongliang Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Bingya Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Chunwang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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3
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Castellanos SG, Fernández-Escamilla VVA, Corona-Rivera MÁ, González-Iñiguez KJ, Barrera A, Moscoso-Sánchez FJ, Figueroa-Ochoa EB, Ceja I, Rabelero M, Aguilar J. Coagulative Nucleation in the Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate under Monomer-Starved Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071628. [PMID: 37050241 PMCID: PMC10096953 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulative nucleation in the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate (MMA-BA) via semicontinuous emulsion heterophase polymerization (SEHP) under monomer-starved conditions in latexes with high solid content (50.0 wt %) and low concentrations of surfactant is reported. The SEHP technique allows the obtention of latex with high colloidal stability and has potential industrial application in polymer synthesis. High instantaneous conversions (>90%) and a high-ratio polymerization rate/addition rate (Rp/Ra) ≥ 0.9 were obtained at low times until the final copolymerization, which confirmed the starved conditions in the systems at the highest surfactant concentrations. The particle size exhibited a linear size increment at conversions between 0 and 40% induced by homogeneous nucleation, a transition region between 40 and 50%, and non-linear behavior at higher conversions by coagulative nucleation. These three behaviors were also observed in the particle surfactant coverage area (Sc), Z-potential, particle coagulation rate (dNp/dt) by the Smoluchowski model, final particle size (Dpz), and number particle (Np) through the reaction. By means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, the onset of coagulation was observed from 50% of conversion until the end of the reaction. In addition, in both processes of copolymerization, tacticity was displayed (mainly syndiotacticity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujey G Castellanos
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47819, Mexico
| | - V Vladimir A Fernández-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47819, Mexico
| | - Miguel Á Corona-Rivera
- Ingeniería Química, Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera a Cedral Km 5+600, San Jose de las Trojes, Matehuala 78700, Mexico
| | - Karla J González-Iñiguez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas en Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Arturo Barrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47819, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Moscoso-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas en Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Edgar B Figueroa-Ochoa
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas en Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Israel Ceja
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas en Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Martín Rabelero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas en Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Jacobo Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47819, Mexico
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Palmer TR, van der Kooij HM, Abu Bakar R, Duewel M, Greiner K, McAleese CD, Couture P, Sharpe MK, Smith RW, Keddie JL. How Particle Deformability Influences the Surfactant Distribution in Colloidal Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12689-12701. [PMID: 36194469 PMCID: PMC9583616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of surfactants in waterborne colloidal polymer films is of significant interest for scientific understanding and defining surface properties in applications including pressure-sensitive adhesives and coatings. Because of negative effects on appearance, wetting, and adhesion, it is desirable to prevent surfactant accumulation at film surfaces. The effect of particle deformation on surfactant migration during film formation was previously investigated by Gromer et al. through simulations, but experimental investigations are lacking. Here, we study deuterium-labeled sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant in a poly(butyl acrylate) latex model system. The particle deformability was varied via cross-linking of the intraparticle polymer chains by differing extents. The cross-linker concentration varied from 0 to 35 mol % in the copolymer, leading to a transition from viscoelastic to elastic. Ion beam analysis was used to probe the dry films and provide information on the near-surface depth distribution of surfactant. Films of nondeformable particles, containing the highest concentration of cross-linker, show no surfactant accumulation at the top surface. Films from particles partially deformed by capillary action show a distinct surfactant surface layer (ca. 150 nm thick). Films of coalesced particles, containing little or no cross-linker, show a very small amount of surfactant on the surface (ca. 20 nm thick). The observed results are explained by considering the effect of cross-linking on rubber elasticity and applying the viscous particle deformation model by Gromer et al. to elastically deformed particles. We find that partially deformed particles allow surfactant transport to the surface during film formation, whereas there is far less transport when skin formation acts as a barrier. With elastic particles, the surfactant is carried in the water phase as it falls beneath the surface of packed particles. The ability to exert control over surfactant distribution in waterborne colloidal films will aid in the design of new high-performance adhesives and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby R. Palmer
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Hanne M. van der Kooij
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WEWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohani Abu Bakar
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Mathis Duewel
- Synthomer
Germany GmbH, Werrastraße
10, 45768Marl, Germany
| | - Katja Greiner
- Synthomer
Germany GmbH, Werrastraße
10, 45768Marl, Germany
| | - Callum D. McAleese
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Couture
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. Sharpe
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W. Smith
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph L. Keddie
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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A review of the design of packing materials for ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462313. [PMID: 34332319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of ion chromatography has made remarkable progress in the past few decades, and it is now widely used for the analysis of common ions and organic compounds. Ion chromatography has many advantages, such as fast, high sensitivity, good selectivity and support for simultaneous analysis of multiple ionic compounds. In order to meet the high requirements of material analysis, new packing materials for ion chromatography with higher sensitivity and selectivity have been developed. In this paper, a lot of knowledge of ion chromatography is reviewed, and the development of ion chromatographic packings in recent years, especially in the last five years, is summarized.
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