1
|
Caillet E, Nunes L, Eliseeva SV, Ndiaye M, Isaac M, Pallier A, Morfin JF, Meudal H, Petoud S, Routier S, Platas-Iglesias C, Buron F, Bonnet CS. Investigation of Ln 3+ complexation by a DOTA derivative substituted by an imidazothiadiazole: synthesis, solution structure, luminescence and relaxation properties. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9028-9041. [PMID: 38726882 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00533c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the coordination properties of original macrocyclic Ln3+ complexes comprising an imidazothiadiazole heterocycle. The thermodynamic stability of the Gd3+ complex was determined by a combination of potentiometric and photophysical measurements. The kinetic inertness was assessed in highly acidic media. The solution structure of the Ln3+ complex was unambiguously determined by a set of photophysical measurements and 1H, 13C, 89Y NMR data in combination with DFT calculations, which proved coordination of the heterocycle to Ln3+. The ability of the imidazothiadiazole moiety to sensitize Tb3+ luminescence was investigated. Finally, the relaxation properties were investigated by recording 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles and 17O measurements. The water exchange rate is similar to that of GdDOTA as the less negative charge of the ligand is compensated for by the presence of a bulky heterocycle. Relaxivity is constant over a large range of pH values, demonstrating the favorable properties of the complex for imaging purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Caillet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Léa Nunes
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Svetlana V Eliseeva
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Modou Ndiaye
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Manon Isaac
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Agnès Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-François Morfin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Hervé Meudal
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Stéphane Petoud
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Frédéric Buron
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Célia S Bonnet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Başoğlu-Ünal F, Becer E, Ensarioğlu HK, -Güzeldemirci NU, Kuran ED, Vatansever HS. A newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivative trigger apoptosis rather than necroptosis on HEPG2 cell line. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14355. [PMID: 37776268 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazide derivatives have been the focus of scientists owing to their broad biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new thiosemicarbazide derivative (TS-1) and evaluated its antiproliferative potential against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV-304). Also, it was aimed to investigate the necroptotic and apoptotic cell death effects of TS-1 in HEPG2 cells, and these effects were supported by molecular docking. The new synthesized compound structure was characterized using various spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the tested compound was measured by the MTT assay. Apoptotic and necroptotic properties of the TS-1 were evaluated by indirect immunoperoxidase method using antibodies against Ki-67, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, RIP3, and RIPK1. Apoptotic and necroptotic effects of TS-1 were supported by molecular docking. Compound TS-1 was synthesized as a pure compound with a high yield. The effective value of TS-1 was 10 μM in HEPG2 cells. TS-1 did not show any cytotoxic effect on ECV-304. Caspase-3 and RIPK1 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in HEPG2 cells after being treated with TS-1. As the results of the molecular docking studies, the molecular docking showed that the TS-1 exhibits H-bond interaction with various significant amino acid residues in the active site of both RIPK1. It could be concluded that TS-1 could be a promising novel therapeutic agent by inducing apoptosis rather than necroptosis in HEPG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faika Başoğlu-Ünal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kabadayı Ensarioğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Ebru Didem Kuran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - H Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao XJ, Li Y, Li M, Tian YL, Wang WP, Zhang BS, Wang XC. Visible light-promoted intermolecular cyclization/aromatization of chalcones and 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles via an EDA complex and a mechanism study. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5139-5144. [PMID: 35707997 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted cyclization and aromatization of chalcones with 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles have been successfully developed to obtain diverse imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, and C-S and C-N bonds were constructed in one step. The reaction uses oxygen in the air as an oxidant, and the method does not need an external photocatalyst or a transition metal catalyst. The strategy features mild conditions, a simple system, readily accessible feedstocks, and a friendly environment. UV absorption spectroscopy and control experiments have shown that the reaction mechanism involves the formation of an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex from thiolate anions and chalcones. In order to verify the mechanism, we studied the structure and HOMO/LUMO of the EDA complex by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the π-π stacking between chalcones and 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles will cause a red shift of the UV absorption wavelength in the presence of Cs2CO3, and also provide a theoretical basis for the electron transfer of EDA complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tian
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Bo-Sheng Zhang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An Insight into All Tested Small Molecules against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis: A Comparative Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092698. [PMID: 35566050 PMCID: PMC9099577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayoud disease affects date palms in North Africa and the Middle East, and many researchers have used various methods to fight it. One of those methods is the chemical use of synthetic compounds, which raises questions centred around the compounds and common features used to prepare targeted molecules. In this review, 100 compounds of tested small molecules, collected from 2002 to 2022 in Web of Sciences, were divided into ten different classes against the main cause of Bayoud disease pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (F.o.a.) with structure-activity relationship (SAR) interpretations for pharmacophore site predictions as (δ-···δ-), where 12 compounds are the most efficient (one compound from each group). The compounds, i.e., (Z)-1-(1.5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-3-hydroxy but-2-en-1-one 7, (Z)-3-(phenyl)-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-3-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-one 23, (Z)-1-(1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(pyridine-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 29, and 2,3-bis-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenyl)ethenyl]-6-nitro-quinoxaline 61, have antifungal pharmacophore sites (δ-···δ-) in common in N1---O4, whereas other compounds have only one δ- pharmacophore site pushed by the donor effect of the substituents on the phenyl rings. This specificity interferes in the biological activity against F.o.a. Further understanding of mechanistic drug-target interactions on this subject is currently underway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pescheteau C, Place M, Sava A, Nunes L, Profire L, Routier S, Buron F. Synthesis of novel series of 3,5-disubstituted imidazo[1,2- d] [1,2,4]thiadiazoles involving S NAr and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6303-6313. [PMID: 35424561 PMCID: PMC8981913 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first access to 3,5-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]thiadiazole derivatives is reported. The series were generated from 2-mercaptoimidazole, which afforded the key intermediate bearing two functional positions. The SNAr reactivity toward tosyl release at the C-3 position was investigated and a regioselective electrophilic iodination in C-5 position was performed to allow a novel C–C bond using Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling conditions were optimized. A representative library of various boronic acids was employed to establish the scope and limitations of the method. To complete this methodological study, the influence of the nature of the C-3 imidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]thiadiazole substitutions on the arylation in C-5 was investigated. A convenient design of 3,5-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]thiadiazoles is reported from 2-mercaptoimidazole, which afforded a versatile platform that was then used to access a variety of original heterocycles.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Pescheteau
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Matthieu Place
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Alexandru Sava
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lea Nunes
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Lenuta Profire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Frédéric Buron
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An G, Liu J. TfOH/DMEDA‐Mediated Cyclization of 2‐(3‐Arylthioureido)‐amide to Form 2‐Thioimidazoline‐4‐ones. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui An
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus Panjin Liaoning Province 124221 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus Panjin Liaoning Province 124221 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning Province 116024 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Draye M, Chatel G, Duwald R. Ultrasound for Drug Synthesis: A Green Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E23. [PMID: 32024033 PMCID: PMC7168956 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This last century, the development of new medicinal molecules represents a real breakthrough in terms of humans and animal life expectancy and quality of life. However, this success is tainted by negative environmental consequences. Indeed, the synthesis of drug candidates requires the use of many chemicals, solvents, and processes that are very hazardous, toxic, energy consuming, expensive, and generates a large amount of waste. Many large pharmaceutical companies have thus moved to using green chemistry practices for drug discovery, development, and manufacturing. One of them is the use of energy-efficient activation techniques, such as ultrasound. This review summarizes the latest most representative works published on the use of ultrasound for sustainable bioactive molecules synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Draye
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc—LCME, F-73000 Chambéry, France; (G.C.); (R.D.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Claudio-Catalán M, Pharande SG, Quezada-Soto A, Kishore KG, Rentería-Gómez A, Padilla-Vaca F, Gámez-Montaño R. Solvent- and Catalyst-Free One-Pot Green Bound-Type Fused Bis-Heterocycles Synthesis via Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Reaction/S NAr/Ring-Chain Azido-Tautomerization Strategy. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5177-5186. [PMID: 30023908 PMCID: PMC6045402 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new, efficient, green, endogenous water-triggered, solvent- and catalyst-free ultrasound-assisted one-pot Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction/SNAr/ring-chain azido-tautomerization strategy to synthesize bound-type fused bis-heterocycles imidazo or benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole (1,5-DsT) containing quinoline moiety is described, which allows synthesis of two types of fused heterocycles in one step under mild green conditions. Antibacterial and antiamebic activities of selected newly synthesized compounds were carried out against three bacterial species: Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 13384 and Escherichia coli O55 and against one amebic species: Entamoeba histolytica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel
Ángel Claudio-Catalán
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| | - Shrikant G. Pharande
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| | - Andrea Quezada-Soto
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| | - Kranthi G. Kishore
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| | - Angel Rentería-Gómez
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| | - Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| | - Rocío Gámez-Montaño
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas and Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales
y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing [5,5]-Fused Ring Systems With a Bridgehead Nitrogen. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
10
|
Serykh VY, Levkovskaya GG, Popov AV, Potkin VI, Petkevich SK, Vashchenko AV, Smirnov VI, Rozentsveig IB. Synthesis of new imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole derivatives from 2-amino-4-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-1,3-thiazole and N-(2,2-dichloro-2-phenylethylidene)arenesulfonamides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
11
|
Omar MA, Frey W, Conrad J, Beifuss U. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and Thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles via an S-Propargylation/5-exo-dig Cyclization/Isomerization Sequence Using Propargyl Tosylates as Substrates. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10367-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Omar
- Bioorganische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße
30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße
30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Bioorganische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße
30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|