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Sahraoui PF, Vadas O, Kalia YN. Non-Invasive Delivery of Negatively Charged Nanobodies by Anodal Iontophoresis: When Electroosmosis Dominates Electromigration. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:539. [PMID: 38675200 PMCID: PMC11055110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontophoresis enables the non-invasive transdermal delivery of moderately-sized proteins and the needle-free cutaneous delivery of antibodies. However, simple descriptors of protein characteristics cannot accurately predict the feasibility of iontophoretic transport. This study investigated the cathodal and anodal iontophoretic transport of the negatively charged M7D12H nanobody and a series of negatively charged variants with single amino acid substitutions. Surprisingly, M7D12H and its variants were only delivered transdermally by anodal iontophoresis. In contrast, transdermal permeation after cathodal iontophoresis and passive diffusion was
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Affiliation(s)
- Phedra Firdaws Sahraoui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Vadas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Yogeshvar N. Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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de Sá FAP, Andrade JFM, Miranda TC, Cunha-Filho M, Gelfuso GM, Lapteva M, Kalia YN, Gratieri T. Enhanced topical paromomycin delivery for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment: Passive and iontophoretic approaches. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123617. [PMID: 37977289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis, a neglected vector-borne infectious disease, can frequently lead to serious adverse effects. Paromomycin (PAR), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been suggested for the topical treatment of disease-related lesions, but even when formulated in high drug-loading dosage forms, presents controversial efficacy. The presence of five ionizable amino groups hinder its passive cutaneous penetration but make PAR an excellent candidate for iontophoretic delivery. The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of using iontophoresis for cutaneous PAR delivery and to propose a topical passive drug delivery system that could be applied between iontophoretic treatments. For this, in vitro iontophoretic experiments evaluated different application durations (10, 30, and 360 min), current densities (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mA/cm2), PAR concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 %), and skin models (intact and impaired porcine skin). In addition, 1 % PAR hydrogel had its penetration profile compared to 15 % PAR ointment in passive transport. Results showed iontophoresis could deliver suitable PAR amounts to dermal layers, even in short times and with impaired skin. Biodistribution assays showed both iontophoretic transport and the proposed hydrogel delivered higher PAR amounts to deeper skin layers than conventional ointment, even though applying 15 times less drug. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PAR drug delivery enhancement by iontophoresis. In summary, the association of iontophoresis with a topical application of PAR gel seems appropriate for improving cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A P de Sá
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jayanaraian F M Andrade
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thamires C Miranda
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Lapteva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Taís Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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3
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Hasan M, Khatun A, Kogure K. Intradermal Delivery of Naked mRNA Vaccines via Iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2678. [PMID: 38140019 PMCID: PMC10747697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against infectious diseases and for anticancer immunotherapy have garnered considerable attention. Currently, mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles are administrated via intramuscular injection using a needle. However, such administration is associated with pain, needle phobia, and lack of patient compliance. Furthermore, side effects such as fever and anaphylaxis associated with the lipid nanoparticle components are also serious problems. Therefore, noninvasive, painless administration of mRNA vaccines that do not contain other problematic components is highly desirable. Antigen-presenting cells reside in the epidermis and dermis, making the skin an attractive vaccination site. Iontophoresis (ItP) uses weak electric current applied to the skin surface and offers a noninvasive permeation technology that enables intradermal delivery of hydrophilic and ionic substances. ItP-mediated intradermal delivery of biological macromolecules has also been studied. Herein, we review the literature on the use of ItP technology for intradermal delivery of naked mRNA vaccines which is expected to overcome the challenges associated with mRNA vaccination. In addition to the physical mechanism, we discuss novel biological mechanisms of iontophoresis, particularly ItP-mediated opening of the skin barriers and the intracellular uptake pathway, and how the combined mechanisms can allow for effective intradermal delivery of mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Anowara Khatun
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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4
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Dahri M, Beheshtizadeh N, Seyedpour N, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Aghajani F, Seyedpour S, Masjedi M, Farjadian F, Maleki R, Adibkia K. Biomaterial-based delivery platforms for transdermal immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115048. [PMID: 37385212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, immunotherapy is one of the most essential treatments for various diseases and a broad spectrum of disorders are assumed to be treated by altering the function of the immune system. For this reason, immunotherapy has attracted a great deal of attention and numerous studies on different approaches for immunotherapies have been investigated, using multiple biomaterials and carriers, from nanoparticles (NPs) to microneedles (MNs). In this review, the immunotherapy strategies, biomaterials, devices, and diseases supposed to be treated by immunotherapeutic strategies are reviewed. Several transdermal therapeutic methods, including semisolids, skin patches, chemical, and physical skin penetration enhancers, are discussed. MNs are the most frequent devices implemented in transdermal immunotherapy of cancers (e.g., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cervical, and breast cancer), infectious (e.g., COVID-19), allergic and autoimmune disorders (e.g., Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and Pollinosis). The biomaterials used in transdermal immunotherapy vary in shape, size, and sensitivity to external stimuli (e.g., magnetic field, photo, redox, pH, thermal, and even multi-stimuli-responsive) were reported. Correspondingly, vesicle-based NPs, including niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, microemulsions, transfersomes, and exosomes, are also discussed. In addition, transdermal immunotherapy using vaccines has been reviewed for Ebola, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hepatitis B virus, Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and Tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dahri
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Seyedpour
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Aghajani
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Seyedpour
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Masjedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Sciences and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Andrade JFM, Cunha-Filho M, Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T. Iontophoresis for the cutaneous delivery of nanoentraped drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37119173 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2209719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin is an attractive route for drug delivery. However, the stratum corneum is a critical limiting barrier for drug permeation. Nanoentrapment is a way to enhance cutaneous drug delivery, by diverse mechanisms, with a notable trend of nanoparticles accumulating into the hair follicles when topically applied. Iontophoresis is yet another way of increasing drug transport by applying a mild electrical field that preferentially passes through the hair follicles, for being the pathway of lower resistance. So, iontophoresis application to nanocarriers could further increase actives accumulation into the hair follicles, impacting cutaneous drug delivery. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors aimed to discuss the main factors impacting iontophoretic skin transport when combining nanocarriers with iontophoresis. We further provide an overview of the conditions in which this combination has been studied, the characteristics of nanosystems employed, and hypothesize why the association has succeeded or failed to enhance drug permeation. EXPERT OPINION Nanocarriers and iontophoresis association can be promising to enhance cutaneous drug delivery. For better results, the electroosmotic contribution to the iontophoretic transport, mainly of negatively charged nanocarriers, charge density, formulation pH, and skin models should be considered. Moreover, the transfollicular pathway should be considered, especially when designing the nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanaraian F M Andrade
- School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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6
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Dastidar DG, Ghosh D, Das A. Recent developments in nanocarriers for cancer chemotherapy. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martins Andrade JF, da Cunha Miranda T, Cunha-Filho M, Taveira SF, Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T. Iontophoresis application for drug delivery in high resistivity membranes: nails and teeth. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 13:1272-1287. [PMID: 36209312 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Iontophoresis has been vastly explored to improve drug permeation, mainly for transdermal delivery. Despite the skin's electrical resistance and barrier properties, it has a relatively high aqueous content and is permeable to many drugs. In contrast, nails and teeth are accessible structures for target drug delivery but possess low water content compared to the skin and impose significant barriers to drug permeation. Common diseases of these sites, such as nail onychomycosis and endodontic microbial infections that reach inaccessible regions for mechanical removal, often depend on time-consuming and ineffective treatments relying on drug's passive permeation. Iontophoresis application in nail and teeth structures may be a safe and effective way to improve drug transport across the nail and drug distribution through dental structures, making treatments more effective and comfortable for patients. Here, we provide an overview of iontophoresis applications in these "hard tissues," considering specificities such as their high electrical resistivity. Iontophoresis presents a promising option to enhance drug permeation through the nail and dental tissues, and further developments in these areas could lead to widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thamires da Cunha Miranda
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcílio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Stephânia Fleury Taveira
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Taís Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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8
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Iontophoresis of Biological Macromolecular Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030525. [PMID: 35335900 PMCID: PMC8953920 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, biological macromolecular drugs (e.g., peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) have become a significant therapeutic modality for the treatment of various diseases. These drugs are considered superior to small-molecule drugs because of their high specificity and favorable safety profiles. However, such drugs are limited by their low oral bioavailability and short half-lives. Biological macromolecular drugs are typically administrated via invasive methods, e.g., intravenous or subcutaneous injections, which can be painful and induce needle phobia. Noninvasive transdermal delivery is an alternative administration route for the local and systemic delivery of biological macromolecular drugs. However, a challenge with the noninvasive transdermal delivery of biological macromolecular drugs is the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum, which is a physical barrier that restricts the entry of extraneous macromolecules. Iontophoresis (IP) relies on the application of a low level of electricity for transdermal drug delivery, in order to facilitate the skin permeation of hydrophilic and charged molecules. The IP of several biological macromolecular drugs has recently been investigated. Herein, we review the IP-mediated noninvasive transdermal delivery of biological macromolecular drugs, their routes of skin permeation, their underlying mechanisms, and their advance applications.
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Effect of mRNA Delivery Modality and Formulation on Cutaneous mRNA Distribution and Downstream eGFP Expression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010151. [PMID: 35057047 PMCID: PMC8780332 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro transcribed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) constitutes an emerging therapeutic class with several clinical applications. This study presents a systematic comparison of different technologies—intradermal injection, microneedle injection, jet injection, and fractional laser ablation—for the topical cutaneous delivery of mRNA. Delivery of Cy5 labeled mRNA and non-labeled enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expressing mRNA was investigated in a viable ex vivo porcine skin model and monitored for 48 h. Forty 10 µm-thick horizontal sections were prepared from each skin sample and Cy5 labeled mRNA or eGFP expression visualized as a function of depth by confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. A pixel-based method was used to create a semi-quantitative biodistribution profile. Different spatial distributions of Cy5 labeled mRNA and eGFP expression were observed, depending on the delivery modality; localization of eGFP expression pointed to the cells responsible. Delivery efficiencies and knowledge of delivery sites can facilitate development of efficient, targeted mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Sallam MA, Prakash S, Kumbhojkar N, Shields CW, Mitragotri S. Formulation-based approaches for dermal delivery of vaccines and therapeutic nucleic acids: Recent advances and future perspectives. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10215. [PMID: 34589595 PMCID: PMC8459604 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing variety of biological macromolecules are in development for use as active ingredients in topical therapies and vaccines. Dermal delivery of biomacromolecules offers several advantages compared to other delivery methods, including improved targetability, reduced systemic toxicity, and decreased degradation of drugs. However, this route of delivery is hampered by the barrier function of the skin. Recently, a large body of research has been directed toward improving the delivery of macromolecules to the skin, ranging from nucleic acids (NAs) to antigens, using noninvasive means. In this review, we discuss the latest formulation-based efforts to deliver antigens and NAs for vaccination and treatment of skin diseases. We provide a perspective of their advantages, limitations, and potential for clinical translation. The delivery platforms discussed in this review may provide formulation scientists and clinicians with a better vision of the alternatives for dermal delivery of biomacromolecules, which may facilitate the development of new patient-friendly prophylactic and therapeutic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Sallam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Department of Industrial PharmacyFaculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ninad Kumbhojkar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charles Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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DESI-MS imaging to visualize spatial distribution of xenobiotics and endogenous lipids in the skin. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120967. [PMID: 34352336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cutaneous biodistribution method (CBM) yields a high-resolution quantitative profile of drug deposition as a function of skin depth. However, it provides limited details about drug spatial distribution or penetration pathways. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can complement the detailed quantitative data generated by CBM studies. The objectives of this work were to use desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-MSI to (i) investigate the spatial cutaneous distributions of a topically applied drug and excipient and relate them to skin structures and (ii) image endogenous skin components and combine these results to gain insight into drug penetration routes. Porcine skin was used to compare two bioequivalent creams of econazole nitrate (ECZ) and a micelle formulation based on D-α-tocopheryl succinate polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS). DESI-MSI successfully imaged the cutaneous spatial distribution of ECZ and TPGS in 40 µm-thick horizontal sections and vertical cross-sections of the skin. Interestingly, clinically bioequivalent formulations did not appear to exhibit the same molecular distribution of ECZ in XY-horizontal sections. DESI-MSI also enabled visualization of TPGS (m/z 772.4706), mainly in the upper epidermis (≤80 µm). In conclusion, through co-localization of drugs and excipients with endogenous elements of the skin, DESI-MSI could further our understanding of the cutaneous penetration pathways of xenobiotics.
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12
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Gratieri T, Zarhloule R, Dubey S, Kalia YN. The influence of skin barrier impairment on the iontophoretic transport of low and high molecular weight permeants. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120607. [PMID: 33862130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of skin barrier impairment on the iontophoretic transport of low (acetaminophen (ACM), lidocaine (LD), ketorolac (KT)) and high molecular weight permeants, (cytochrome c (Cyt c) and ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1)), was evaluated using tape-stripping (TS) and fractional laser ablation for "large-scale" and "localized" barrier disruption. Interestingly, removal of the stratum corneum did not invariably lead to an increase in iontophoretic delivery of the permeants. Decrease of electroosmotic (EO) flow and facilitated transport of Cl- ions in the cathode-to-anode direction, which reduced cation electromigration (EM), both impacted cation delivery by anodal iontophoresis but the effects were partly offset by enhanced passive diffusion. Decrease in EO increased cathodal iontophoresis of KT but not that of RNase T1. Permeability coefficients confirmed the superiority of EM over EO for small molecules, LD > KT > ACM. A combination of fractional laser ablation and iontophoresis was advantageous for both positively and negatively charged small molecules as passive penetration was significantly enhanced. In conclusion, results demonstrated that (i) skin ablation prior to anodal iontophoresis decreased EO and EM but could be advantageous for delivery if the ablative technique enhanced passive penetration thereby compensating reduction of electrotransport and (ii) reduced EO favored cathodal electrotransport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Gratieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rhita Zarhloule
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Dubey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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13
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Jiang C, Jiang X, Wang X, Shen J, Zhang M, Jiang L, Ma R, Gan T, Gong Y, Ye J, Gao W. Transdermal iontophoresis delivery system for terazosin hydrochloride: an in vitro and in vivo study. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:454-462. [PMID: 33620010 PMCID: PMC7906618 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1889719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to construct a transdermal iontophoresis delivery system for terazosin hydrochloride (IDDS-TEH), which included a positive and negative electrode hydrogel prescription. Intact guinea pig skin was used as a model for the skin barrier function, and the current intensity, terazosin hydrochloride (TEH) concentration, pH, competitive salt, and transdermal enhancer properties were studied. The blood drug concentration was determined in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats using HPLC, and the antihypertensive effects of IDDS-TEH were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results showed that the steady-state penetration rate of TEH increased (from 80.36 µg·cm−2·h−1 to 304.93 µg·cm−2·h−1), followed by an increase in the current intensity (from 0.10 mA·cm−2 to 0.49 mA·cm−2). The pH values also had a significant influence on percutaneous penetration. The blood concentration of IDDS-TEH was significantly higher (p < .05) than with passive diffusion, which could not be detected. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the high current group (0.17 mA·cm−2) and the low current group (0.09 mA·cm−2) were AUC0–t: 5873.0 ng·mL−1·h and 2493.7 ng·mL−1·h, respectively. Meanwhile, the pharmacodynamic results showed that IDDS-TEH significantly decreased the blood pressure of SHRs compared with the TEH hydrogel without loading current. Therefore, TEH could be successfully delivered by the transdermal iontophoresis system in vitro and in vivo, and further clinical studies should be explored to develop a therapeutically useful protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingbiao Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Dubey S, Perozzo R, Scapozza L, Kalia Y. WITHDRAWN: Specific protein-protein interactions limit the cutaneous iontophoretic transport of interferon beta-1B and a poly-ARG interferon beta-1B analogue. Int J Pharm X 2020; 2:100051. [PMID: 32685921 PMCID: PMC7358383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Dubey S, Perozzo R, Scapozza L, Kalia Y. Specific protein-protein interactions limit the cutaneous iontophoretic transport of interferon beta-1b and a poly-Arg interferon beta-1b analogue. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tissue Levels of Flurbiprofen in the Rat Plantar Heel after Short-Duration Topical Iontophoresis Are Sufficient to Induce Pharmacodynamic Responses to Local Pain Stimuli. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070608. [PMID: 32629832 PMCID: PMC7408369 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the topical iontophoresis of flurbiprofen (FBF) as a means to enhance its local bioavailability and thereby provide an improved and targeted treatment of plantar heel pain. Initial in vitro experiments using porcine ear skin investigated iontophoretic transport of FBF under different conditions. Local FBF biodistribution in the rat paw in vivo was compared after topical or oral administration. Efficacy of pain management was investigated using a plantar incisional model by evaluating pharmacodynamic responses to local pain stimuli. The results demonstrated that iontophoresis of FBF significantly increased cutaneous deposition and transdermal permeation of FBF as compared to passive delivery—it also enabled drug input to be controlled by modulation of current density and drug concentration (r2 > 0.99). Topical iontophoresis of FBF in vivo enabled higher drug levels in skin and muscle in rat plantar aspect and superior pharmacodynamic responses to local pain stimuli, in comparison to oral and passive delivery. In conclusion, short-duration topical iontophoresis of FBF may better help to relieve plantar heel pain than oral or passive administration, which should be of clinical interest.
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