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Fraser-Pitt D, Mercer DK, Francis ML, Toledo-Aparicio D, Smith DW, O'Neil DA. Cysteamine-mediated blockade of the glycine cleavage system modulates epithelial cell inflammatory and innate immune responses to viral infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 677:168-181. [PMID: 37597441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Transient blockade of glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) can restrict de novo pyrimidine synthesis, which is a well-described strategy for enhancing the host interferon response to viral infection and a target pathway for some licenced anti-inflammatory therapies. The aminothiol, cysteamine, is produced endogenously during the metabolism of coenzyme A, and is currently being investigated in a clinical trial as an intervention in community acquired pneumonia resulting from viral (influenza and SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial respiratory infection. Cysteamine is known to inhibit both bacterial and the eukaryotic host glycine cleavage systems via competitive inhibition of GLDC at concentrations, lower than those required for direct antimicrobial or antiviral activity. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that therapeutically achievable concentrations of cysteamine can inhibit glycine utilisation by epithelial cells and improve cell-mediated responses to infection with respiratory viruses, including human coronavirus 229E and Influenza A. Cysteamine reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increases the interferon-λ (IFN-λ) response to viral challenge and in response to liposomal polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) simulant of RNA viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fraser-Pitt
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Silverburn Crescent, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Derry K Mercer
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Silverburn Crescent, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8EW, United Kingdom; Bioaster, LYON (headquarters) 40, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Louise Francis
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Silverburn Crescent, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8EW, United Kingdom
| | - David Toledo-Aparicio
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Silverburn Crescent, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8EW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W Smith
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Silverburn Crescent, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8EW, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A O'Neil
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Silverburn Crescent, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8EW, United Kingdom
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Jiang L, Kerchberger VE, Shaffer C, Dickson AL, Ormseth MJ, Daniel LL, Leon BGC, Cox NJ, Chung CP, Wei WQ, Stein CM, Feng Q. Genome-wide association analyses of common infections in a large practice-based biobank. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:672. [PMID: 36167494 PMCID: PMC9512962 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Susceptibility to infection is highly heritable; however, little has been done to identify the genetic determinants underlying common infectious diseases. One GWAS was performed using 23andMe information about self-reported infections; we set out to confirm previous loci and identify new ones using medically diagnosed infections. METHODS We used the electronic health record (EHR)-based biobank at Vanderbilt and diagnosis codes to identify cases of 12 infectious diseases in white patients: urinary tract infection, pneumonia, chronic sinus infections, otitis media, candidiasis, streptococcal pharyngitis, herpes zoster, herpes labialis, hepatitis B, infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis (TB) or a positive TB test, and hepatitis C. We selected controls from patients with no diagnosis code for the candidate disease and matched by year of birth, sex, and calendar year at first and last EHR visits. We conducted GWAS using SAIGE and transcriptome-wide analysis (TWAS) using S-PrediXcan. We also conducted phenome-wide association study to understand associations between identified genetic variants and clinical phenotypes. RESULTS We replicated three 23andMe loci (p ≤ 0.05): herpes zoster and rs7047299-A (p = 2.6 × 10-3) and rs2808290-C (p = 9.6 × 10-3;); otitis media and rs114947103-C (p = 0.04). We also identified 2 novel regions (p ≤ 5 × 10-8): rs113235453-G for otitis media (p = 3.04 × 10-8), and rs10422015-T for candidiasis (p = 3.11 × 10-8). In TWAS, four gene-disease associations were significant: SLC30A9 for otitis media (p = 8.06 × 10-7); LRP3 and WDR88 for candidiasis (p = 3.91 × 10-7 and p = 1.95 × 10-6); and AAMDC for hepatitis B (p = 1.51 × 10-6). CONCLUSION We conducted GWAS and TWAS for 12 infectious diseases and identified novel genetic contributors to the susceptibility of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - V Eric Kerchberger
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian Shaffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyson L Dickson
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle J Ormseth
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura L Daniel
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara G Carranza Leon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cecilia P Chung
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Niemeyer BF, Benam KH. Untapping host-targeting cross-protective efficacy of anticoagulants against SARS-CoV-2. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 233:108027. [PMID: 34718070 PMCID: PMC8552695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Responding quickly to emerging respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is essential to stop uncontrolled spread of these pathogens and mitigate their socio-economic impact globally. This can be achieved through drug repurposing, which tackles inherent time- and resource-consuming processes associated with conventional drug discovery and development. In this review, we examine key preclinical and clinical therapeutic and prophylactic approaches that have been applied for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We break these strategies down into virus- versus host-targeting and discuss their reported efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages. Importantly, we highlight emerging evidence on application of host serine protease-inhibiting anticoagulants, such as nafamostat mesylate, as a potentially powerful therapy to inhibit virus activation and offer cross-protection against multiple strains of coronavirus, lower inflammatory response independent of its antiviral effect, and modulate clotting problems seen in COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Rahmani P, Farahmand F, Heidari G. Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir in a 9-Year-Old Boy. JOURNAL OF CHILD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study includes a case report of a 9-year-old boy who came to our center with jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and palpable liver. He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, but no improvement in symptoms was seen. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and liver biopsy were positive for hepatitis C virus. He was treated with daclatasvir/sofosbuvir for 3 months. Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir might be effective against the treatment of hepatitis in children, with no report of remission and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahmani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahmand
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghobad Heidari
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Type I interferon therapies of multiple sclerosis and hepatitis C virus infection. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interferons type I (IFN-I), activated following a bacterial or viral infection, play a major role in the induction and regulation of the immune system. The immune response results in viral RNA and binds to receptors such as RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) or Toll-like receptors, leading to the IFN-I signaling cascade. Thanks to its cellular function, IFN-I is widely used in therapies for such diseases as multiple sclerosis (MS) and hepatitis C disease (HCD).
MS is a neurological, autoimmune, chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). During MS, nerve cell demyelination is observed due to the myelin heaths and oligodendrocyte damage. As a result, neuronal signal and neuron communication are attenuated. The mechanism of MS is still unknown. MS therapy applies interferon-β (IFN-β). IFN-β therapy has been used since the last century, but the therapeutic mechanism of IFN-β has not been completely understood. MS can lead to four syndromes: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
HCD occurs as a result of infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family. HCV is a blood-borne virus with a positive single-stranded RNA. A vaccine for HCV is not available yet. HCD can lead to liver damage or cancer. In HCD interferon-α therapy (IFN-α) is applied. As with MS, the mechanism of IFN-α therapy is not completely known.
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Ramos TI, Villacis-Aguirre CA, Santiago Vispo N, Santiago Padilla L, Pedroso Santana S, Parra NC, Alonso JRT. Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1533. [PMID: 34683824 PMCID: PMC8538586 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response that act on innate and adaptive immunity. These proteins are natural cell-signaling glycoproteins expressed in response to viral infections, tumors, and biological inducers and constitute the first line of defense of vertebrates against infectious agents. They have been marketed for more than 30 years with considerable impact on the global therapeutic protein market thanks to their diversity in terms of biological activities. They have been used as single agents or with combination treatment regimens, demonstrating promising clinical results, resulting in 22 different formulations approved by regulatory agencies. The 163 clinical trials with currently active IFNs reinforce their importance as therapeutics for human health. However, their application has presented difficulties due to the molecules' size, sensitivity to degradation, and rapid elimination from the bloodstream. For some years now, work has been underway to obtain new drug delivery systems to provide adequate therapeutic concentrations for these cytokines, decrease their toxicity and prolong their half-life in the circulation. Although different research groups have presented various formulations that encapsulate IFNs, to date, there is no formulation approved for use in humans. The current review exhibits an updated summary of all encapsulation forms presented in the scientific literature for IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ, from the year 1996 to the year 2021, considering parameters such as: encapsulating matrix, route of administration, target, advantages, and disadvantages of each formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelvia I. Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.); (S.P.S.); (N.C.P.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Carlos A. Villacis-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.); (S.P.S.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador;
| | | | - Seidy Pedroso Santana
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.); (S.P.S.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Natalie C. Parra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.); (S.P.S.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Jorge Roberto Toledo Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.); (S.P.S.); (N.C.P.)
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Shanmugam A, Muralidharan N, Velmurugan D, Gromiha MM. Therapeutic Targets and Computational Approaches on Drug Development for COVID-19. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2210-2220. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200710105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as pandemic. Its outbreak started in China in Dec 2019 and rapidly spread
all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 800,000 people and caused about 35,000 deaths
so far, moreover, no approved drugs are available to treat COVID-19. Several investigations have been
carried out to identify potent drugs for COVID-19 based on drug repurposing, potential novel compounds
from ligand libraries, natural products, short peptides, and RNAseq analysis. This review is focused
on three different aspects; (i) targets for drug design (ii) computational methods to identify lead
compounds and (iii) drugs for COVID-19. It also covers the latest literature on various hit molecules
proposed by computational methods and experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Vinayaka Mission’s KirupanandaVariyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem – 636308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nisha Muralidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600025, India
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dubey KK, Indu, Sharma M. Reprogramming of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000168. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap K. Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Indu
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
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Abstract
Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant viruses. Recent genome-wide approaches, such as those employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or those using small molecule chemical inhibitors targeting the cellular "kinome," have been used successfully to identify cellular factors that can support virus replication. Since some of these cellular factors are critical for virus replication, but are dispensable for the host, they can serve as novel targets for antiviral drug development. In addition, potentiation of immune responses, regulation of cytokine storms, and modulation of epigenetic changes upon virus infections are also feasible approaches to control infections. Because it is less likely that viruses will mutate to replace missing cellular functions, the chance of generating drug-resistant mutants with host-targeted inhibitor approaches is minimized. However, drug resistance against some host-directed agents can, in fact, occur under certain circumstances, such as long-term selection pressure of a host-directed antiviral agent that can allow the virus the opportunity to adapt to use an alternate host factor or to alter its affinity toward the target that confers resistance. This review describes novel approaches for antiviral drug development with a focus on host-directed therapies and the potential mechanisms that may account for the acquisition of antiviral drug resistance against host-directed agents.
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Schein CH. Repurposing approved drugs on the pathway to novel therapies. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:586-605. [PMID: 31432544 PMCID: PMC7018532 DOI: 10.1002/med.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The time and cost of developing new drugs have led many groups to limit their search for therapeutics to compounds that have previously been approved for human use. Many "repurposed" drugs, such as derivatives of thalidomide, antibiotics, and antivirals have had clinical success in treatment areas well beyond their original approved use. These include applications in treating antibiotic-resistant organisms, viruses, cancers and to prevent burn scarring. The major theoretical justification for reusing approved drugs is that they have known modes of action and controllable side effects. Coadministering antibiotics with inhibitors of bacterial toxins or enzymes that mediate multidrug resistance can greatly enhance their activity. Drugs that control host cell pathways, including inflammation, tumor necrosis factor, interferons, and autophagy, can reduce the "cytokine storm" response to injury, control infection, and aid in cancer therapy. An active compound, even if previously approved for human use, will be a poor clinical candidate if it lacks specificity for the new target, has poor solubility or can cause serious side effects. Synergistic combinations can reduce the dosages of the individual components to lower reactivity. Preclinical analysis should take into account that severely ill patients with comorbidities will be more sensitive to side effects than healthy trial subjects. Once an active, approved drug has been identified, collaboration with medicinal chemists can aid in finding derivatives with better physicochemical properties, specificity, and efficacy, to provide novel therapies for cancers, emerging and rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity (IHII), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
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Sun C, Dong M, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chang Y, Yu H, Xu N, Xie Z, Liu W. Enhancing the antivirus activity of chimeric canine interferon with ricin subunit B by using nanoparticle formulations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12671-12679. [PMID: 35497620 PMCID: PMC9051121 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10557c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite interferon alpha having a broad spectrum of antiviral activity and strong antiproliferative activity, its applications are severely limited due to the intrinsic properties of proteins, such as poor stability and short serum half-life. In our study, canine interferon alpha (CaIFNα) gene was fused with the ricin toxin B chain (RTB) to form rCaIFNα/RTB, which encodes a 463-amino acid protein containing a 15-amino acid encoded (G4S)3 flexible linker. After expression in prokaryote, purification and renaturation, the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of rCaIFNα/RTB were investigated in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. rCaIFNα/RTB exerted a superior anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) activity on MDCK cells. Furthermore, we have developed a nanoparticle formulation of rCaIFNα/RTB by using polyethylenimine (PEI) through electrostatic interaction. rCaIFNα/RTB@PEI10000 is more stable than rCaIFNα/RTB at various pH and temperature levels, and it possesses enhanced antiviral activity. Our findings facilitate further research on the role of type I IFN in antiviral defense responses in Canis lupus familiaris. Despite interferon alpha having a broad spectrum of antiviral activity and strong antiproliferative activity, its applications are severely limited due to the intrinsic properties of proteins, such as poor stability and short serum half-life.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yucong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- China Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | | | - Haotian Yu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- China Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wensen Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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Hassaan SH, Darwish AM, Khalifa H, Ramadan HKA, Hassany SM, Ahmed GK, Moustafa EF. Assessment of cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms in hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin: A prospective cohort study. Int J Psychiatry Med 2019; 54:424-440. [PMID: 31219366 DOI: 10.1177/0091217419858277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to prospectively evaluate cognitive functioning in hepatitis C virus patients before, during, and after interferon alpha and to assess the psychiatric side effects of interferon alpha such as depression and anxiety. Methods A total of 100 chronic hepatitis C virus patients eligible for interferon therapy from the hepatitis outpatient clinic of Assiut University Hospital were included. A full medical and psychiatric assessment was done using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Cognitive assessment was done using The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Memory Assessment Scales (MAS), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Medical, cognitive, and psychiatric assessments were conducted at the start of the study and after starting the treatment at two, four, and six months. Results There was a significant increase in the mean scores of HAM-D (t = 7.739, p < 0.001; t = 5.707, p < 0.001; t = 5.115, p < 0.001) and HAM-A (t = 6.237, p < 0.001; t = 4.154, p < 0.001; t = 3.955, p < 0.001) scales at the two, four, and six month follow-ups, respectively, in comparison to the baseline measurements. As regards to the MAS, repeated assessments after two, four, and six months showed no statistically significant difference from the baseline apart from deterioration in the verbal memory performance after six months in comparison to the baseline (t = −2.605, p = 0.011). As regards to MMSE, the verbal intelligence quotient (IQ), performance IQ, and total IQ, there was a significant improvement in the patients’ cognitive performance, in comparison to the baseline, after two months (t = 2.144, p = 0.035), four months (t = 2.868, p = 0.002), and six months (t = 3.505, p = 0.001), respectively. There was also a significant negative correlation between HAM-D mean scores and the MAS verbal mean scores of the patients (r = −.219, p = 0.039). Conclusion There were increases in symptoms of depression and anxiety during interferon alpha and ribavirin treatment, which do not correlate with the patients’ cognitive performance. There was a significant improvement in cognitive performance except in verbal memory with the progress of interferon alpha treatment. Years of education, socioeconomic status, and lower quantitative polymerase chain reaction are predictors for better cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab H Hassaan
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Darwish
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Hossam Khalifa
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar M Hassany
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterlogy, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gellan K Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Ehab F Moustafa
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterlogy, Assiut University, Egypt
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Interferon Alpha Enhances NK Cell Function and the Suppressive Capacity of HIV-Specific CD8 + T Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01541-18. [PMID: 30404799 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01541-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current shock-and-kill strategies for the eradication of the HIV-1 reservoir have resulted in blips of viremia but not in a decrease in the size of the latent reservoir in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). This discrepancy could potentially be explained by an inability of the immune system to kill HIV-1-infected cells following the reversal of latency. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that certain latency-reversing agents (LRAs) may inhibit CD8+ T cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that alpha interferon (IFN-α) could improve the function of NK cells from chronic progressors (CP) on ART. We show here that IFN-α treatment enhanced cytokine secretion, polyfunctionality, degranulation, and the cytotoxic potential of NK cells from healthy donors (HD) and CP. We also show that this cytokine enhanced the viral suppressive capacity of NK cells from HD and elite controllers or suppressors. Furthermore, IFN-α enhanced global CP CD8+ T cell cytokine responses and the suppressive capacity of ES CD8+ T cells. Our data suggest that IFN-α treatment may potentially be used as an immunomodulatory agent in HIV-1 cure strategies.IMPORTANCE Data suggest that HIV+ individuals unable to control infection fail to do so due to impaired cytokine production and/cytotoxic effector cell function. Consequently, the success of cure agendas such as the shock-and-kill strategy will probably depend on enhancing patient effector cell function. In this regard, NK cells are of particular interest since they complement the function of CD8+ T cells. Here, we demonstrate the ability of short-course alpha interferon (IFN-α) treatments to effectively enhance such effector functions in chronic progressor NK cells without inhibiting their general CD8+ T cell function. These results point to the possibility of exploring such short-course IFN-α treatments for the enhancement of effector cell function in HIV+ patients in future cure strategies.
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Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Prior to Total Hip Arthroplasty Significantly Reduces Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:132-135. [PMID: 30337253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) have had extremely high complication rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We sought to compare perioperative complication rates between untreated and treated HCV in THA patients and to compare these rates between patients treated with 2 different therapies (interferon vs direct antiviral agents). METHODS A multicenter retrospective database query was used to identify patients diagnosed with HCV who underwent THA between 2006 and 2016. All patients (n = 105) identified were included and divided into 2 groups: untreated (n = 63) and treated (n = 42) HCV; treated patients were further subdivided into those receiving interferon (n = 16) or direct antiviral agent therapies (n = 26). Comparisons between the treated and untreated groups were made with respect to demographic data, comorbidities, preoperative viral load, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and all surgical and medical complications; a subgroup analysis of the treated patients was also performed. Separate independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted for continuous variables. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test of independence. RESULTS A greater number of untreated patients were human immunodeficiency virus infected (P = .01), while a reduced number of treated patients were either former or current smokers (P = .004). The untreated group had greater surgical complication rates (25.4% vs 4.8%; P = .007), with a higher rate of periprosthetic joint infection (14.3% vs 0%, P = .01). For treated patients, no differences were observed between treatment types for postsurgical complications. CONCLUSION Treatment for HCV prior to THA appears to be associated to fewer postoperative complications, primarily periprosthetic joint infection. Although further investigation is warranted, strong consideration should be given to treating patients for HCV prior to elective THA.
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Guo L, Geng X, Liu L, Miao Y, Lin Z, Yu M, Fu Y, Liu L, Li B, Luo Y. Quality, bioactivity study, and preclinical acute toxicity, safety pharmacology evaluation of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M 2 ES). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22257. [PMID: 30536793 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endostar, a potent endogenous antiangiogenic factor, is wildly used in clinics. However, it was easily degraded by enzymes and rapidly cleared by the kidneys. To overcome these shortcomings, PEGylated recombinant human endostatin was developed. In this study, the purity of M2 ES was evaluated by silver stain and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet spectrum was used to examine the structural of M2 ES and endostar. The bioactivity and antitumor efficacy of M2 ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and athymic nude mouse xenograft model of a heterogeneous lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety pharmacology in rhesus monkeys. The purity of M2 ES was more than 98%; PEG modification has no effect on endostatin structure. Compared with the control group, M2 ES dramatically retards endothelial cell migration and tumor growth. After intravenous (IV) infusions of M2 ES at a dose level of three and 75 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys, there was no observable serious adverse event in both acute toxicity and safety pharmacology study. On the basis of the quality and bioactivity study data of M2 ES and the absence of serious side effect in rhesus monkeys, M2 ES was authorized to initiate a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Guo
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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