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Al-saraireh YM, Alshammari FOFO, Satari AO, Al-mahdy YS, Almuhaisen GH, Abu-azzam OH, Uwais AN, Abufraijeh SM, Al-Kharabsheh AM, Al-dalain SM, Al-Qtaitat A, Al-Tarawneh F, Al Shuneigat JM, Al-Sarayreh SA. Cytochrome 4Z1 Expression Connotes Unfavorable Prognosis in Ovarian Cancers. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091263. [PMID: 36143940 PMCID: PMC9502355 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death in females. Since its treatment is challenging and causes severe side effects, novel therapies are urgently needed. One of the potential enzymes implicated in the progression of cancers is Cytochrome 4Z1 (CYP4Z1). Its expression in ovarian cancer remains unknown. Therefore, the current study aims to assess CYP4Z1 expression in different subtypes of ovarian cancers. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize CYP4Z1 expression in 192 cases of ovarian cancers along with eight normal ovarian tissues. The enzyme’s association with various clinicopathological characteristics and survival was determined. Results: CYP4Z1 was strongly expressed in 79% of ovarian cancers, compared to negative expression in normal ovarian samples. Importantly, significantly high CYP4Z1 expres-sion was determined in patients with advanced-stage cancer and a high depth of invasion (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, CYP4Z1 expression was significantly associated with a low patient survival rate. Univariate analysis revealed that patient survival was strongly associated with CYP4Z1 expression, tumor stage, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only CYP4Z1 expression was significantly associated with patient survival (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CYP4Z1 expression is correlated with shorter patient survival and has been identified as an independent indicator of a poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M. Al-saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Fatemah O. F. O. Alshammari
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh 15432, Kuwait
| | - Anas O. Satari
- Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Yanal S. Al-mahdy
- Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ghadeer H. Almuhaisen
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Omar H. Abu-azzam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ala N. Uwais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Seham M. Abufraijeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ahlam M. Al-Kharabsheh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Sa’ed M. Al-dalain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Fatima Al-Tarawneh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Al-Karak, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Jehad M. Al Shuneigat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Sameeh A. Al-Sarayreh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
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Machalz D, Pach S, Bermudez M, Bureik M, Wolber G. Structural insights into understudied human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2456-2464. [PMID: 34161845 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are widely known for their pivotal role in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics as well as of endogenous chemicals. In addition, CYPs are involved in numerous pathophysiological pathways and, hence, are therapeutically relevant. Remarkably, a portion of promising CYP targets is still understudied and, as a consequence, untargeted, despite their huge therapeutic potential. An increasing number of X-ray and cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures for CYPs have recently provided new insights into the structural basis of CYP function and potential ligand binding. This structural knowledge of CYP functionality is essential for both understanding metabolism and exploiting understudied CYPs as drug targets. In this review, we summarize and highlight structural knowledge about this enzyme class, with a focus on understudied CYPs and resulting opportunities for structure-based drug design. Teaser: This review summarizes recent structural insights into understudied cytochrome P450 enzymes. We highlight the impact of molecular modeling for mechanistically explaining pathophysiological effects establishing understudied CYPs as promising drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Machalz
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Szymon Pach
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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