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Lomas T, VanderWeele TJ. Toward an Expanded Taxonomy of Happiness: A Conceptual Analysis of 16 Distinct Forms of Mental Wellbeing. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678231155512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen a surge of scientific interest in happiness. However, its theoretical conceptualization is a work in progress. Much of the literature focuses on two main forms: hedonic (encompassing life satisfaction and positive affect) and eudaimonic (encompassing phenomena such as character development and meaning in life). However, this binary has been critiqued as being incomplete, in part because it reflects a Western-centric perspective that overlooks forms emphasized in non-Western cultures. As a result, scholars have begun to highlight other forms besides hedonia and eudaimonia. This article surveys the literature to identify 16 potential forms in total, classified according to whether they primarily pertain to feelings (hedonic, contented, mature, chaironic, and vital), thought (evaluative, meaningful, intellective, aesthetic, and absorbed) or action (eudaimonic, masterful, accomplished, harmonic, nirvanic, and relational). This article thus offers a more expansive, albeit still just provisional, taxonomy of this vital and still-evolving topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lomas
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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VanderWeele TJ, Case BW, Chen Y, Cowden RG, Johnson B, Lee MT, Lomas T, Long KG. Flourishing in critical dialogue. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lomas T. Stranger than we can imagine: the possibility and potential significance of non-human forms of consciousness and wellbeing. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2022.2131608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lomas
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University
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Wilkie L, Fisher Z, Kemp AH. The Complex Construct of Wellbeing and the Role of Vagal Function. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:925664. [PMID: 35875509 PMCID: PMC9301262 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.925664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lowri Wilkie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Regional Neuropsychology and Community Brain Injury Service, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Fisher
- Regional Neuropsychology and Community Brain Injury Service, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Kemp
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Regional Neuropsychology and Community Brain Injury Service, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
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