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Montalvo Zurbia-Flores G, Rollier CS, Reyes-Sandoval A. Re-thinking yellow fever vaccines: fighting old foes with new generation vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1895644. [PMID: 33974507 PMCID: PMC8920179 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1895644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a highly efficient yellow fever vaccine, yellow fever reemergence throughout Africa and the Americas has put 900 million people in 47 countries at risk of contracting the disease. Although the vaccine has been key to controlling yellow fever epidemics, its live-attenuated nature comes with a range of contraindications that prompts advising against its administration to pregnant and lactating women, immunocompromised individuals, and those with hypersensitivity to chicken egg proteins. Additionally, large outbreaks have highlighted problems with insufficient vaccine supply, whereby manufacturers rely on slow traditional manufacturing processes that prevent them from ramping up production. These limitations have contributed to an inadequate control of yellow fever and have favored the pursuit of novel yellow fever vaccine candidates that aim to circumvent the licensed vaccine's restrictions. Here, we review the live-attenuated vaccine's limitations and explore the epitome of a yellow fever vaccine, whilst scrutinizing next-generation vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Montalvo Zurbia-Flores
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford. The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford. The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Oxford, UK
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, IPN. Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/n. Unidad Adolfo López Mateos. CP, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Hendy A, Valério D, Fé NF, Hernandez-Acosta E, Mendonça C, Andrade E, Pedrosa I, Costa ER, Júnior JTA, Assunção FP, Chaves BA, Scarpassa VM, Gordo M, Buenemann M, de Lacerda MVG, Hanley KA, Vasilakis N. Microclimate and the vertical stratification of potential bridge vectors of mosquito‑borne viruses captured by nets and ovitraps in a central Amazonian forest bordering Manaus, Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21129. [PMID: 34702887 PMCID: PMC8548557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Americas, some mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika, chikungunya, and dengue circulate among humans in urban transmission cycles, while others, including yellow fever and Mayaro, circulate among monkeys in sylvatic cycles. The intersection of humans and wildlife at forest edges creates risk for zoonotic virus exchange. We built a scaffold tower at the edge of a treefall gap in rainforest bordering Manaus, Brazil, to identify vectors that may bridge transmission between humans and monkeys. We vertically sampled diurnally active, anthropophilic mosquitoes using handheld nets at 0, 5, and 9 m and container-breeding mosquitoes in ovitraps at 0, 5, 10, and 15 m. Haemagogus janthinomys and Psorophora amazonica were present in high relative abundance in nets at each height sampled, while anthropophilic species were uncommon in ovitraps. Hg. janthinomys was more abundant at elevated heights than at ground level, while Ps. amazonica abundance was not significantly stratified across heights. The presence of each species increased with increasing 7-day rainfall lagged at 1 week, and at 1 and 4 weeks prior to collection, respectively. In addition, Hg. janthinomys was most frequently collected at 29.9 °C, irrespective of height. These data provide insight into the potential role of each species as bridge vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hendy
- Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Valério
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira Fé
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Mendonça
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Eloane Andrade
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Igor Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gordo
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Michaela Buenemann
- Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane (Fiocruz - Amazônia), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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de Azevedo Fernandes NCC, Guerra JM, Díaz-Delgado J, Cunha MS, Saad LD, Iglezias SD, Ressio RA, Dos Santos Cirqueira C, Kanamura CT, Jesus IP, Maeda AY, Vasami FGS, de Carvalho J, de Araújo LJT, de Souza RP, Nogueira JS, Spinola RMF, Catão-Dias JL. Differential Yellow Fever Susceptibility in New World Nonhuman Primates, Comparison with Humans, and Implications for Surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:47-56. [PMID: 33350931 PMCID: PMC7774563 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.191220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major outbreak of yellow fever (YF) occurred in Brazil during 2016-2018. Epizootics in New World nonhuman primates are sentinel events for YF virus circulation. However, genus-specific susceptibilities and suitability for YF surveillance remain poorly understood. We obtained and compared epidemiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular results from 93 human and 1,752 primate cases submitted during the recent YF outbreak in Brazil (2017), with the support of the Brazilian National YF Surveillance Program. We detected heterogeneous YF-associated profiles among the various genera of primates we analyzed. Alouatta primates were the most reliable sentinel; Sapajus and Callicebus primates had higher viral loads but lower proportional mortality rates. Callithrix primates were the least sensitive, showing lower viral loads, lower proportional mortality rates, and no demonstrable YF virus antigen or extensive lesions in liver, despite detectable viral RNA. These differences in susceptibility, viral load, and mortality rates should be considered in strategic surveillance of epizootics and control measures for YF.
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Queiroz ALN, Barros RS, Silva SP, Rodrigues DSG, Cruz ACR, dos Santos FB, Vasconcelos PFC, Tesh RB, Nunes BTD, Medeiros DBA. The Usefulness of a Duplex RT-qPCR during the Recent Yellow Fever Brazilian Epidemic: Surveillance of Vaccine Adverse Events, Epizootics and Vectors. Pathogens 2021; 10:693. [PMID: 34204910 PMCID: PMC8228867 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2016 to 2018, Brazil faced the biggest yellow fever (YF) outbreak in the last 80 years, representing a risk of YF reurbanization, especially in megacities. Along with this challenge, the mass administration of the fractionated YF vaccine dose in a naïve population brought another concern: the possibility to increase YF adverse events associated with viscerotropic (YEL-AVD) or neurological disease (YEL-AND). For this reason, we developed a quantitative real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay based on a duplex TaqMan protocol to distinguish broad-spectrum infections caused by wild-type yellow fever virus (YFV) strain from adverse events following immunization (AEFI) by 17DD strain during the vaccination campaign used to contain this outbreak. A rapid and more accurate RT-qPCR assay to diagnose YFV was established, being able to detect even different YFV genotypes and geographic strains that circulate in Central and South America. Moreover, after testing around 1400 samples from human cases, non-human primates and mosquitoes, we detected just two YEL-AVD cases, confirmed by sequencing, during the massive vaccination in Brazilian Southeast region, showing lower incidence than AEFI as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. N. Queiroz
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Rafael S. Barros
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Sandro P. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Daniela S. G. Rodrigues
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Ana C. R. Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Flávia B. dos Santos
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Bruno T. D. Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
| | - Daniele B. A. Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (R.S.B.); (S.P.S.); (D.S.G.R.); (A.C.R.C.); (P.F.C.V.); (D.B.A.M.)
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Hendy A, Hernandez-Acosta E, Chaves BA, Fé NF, Valério D, Mendonça C, Lacerda MVGD, Buenemann M, Vasilakis N, Hanley KA. Into the woods: Changes in mosquito community composition and presence of key vectors at increasing distances from the urban edge in urban forest parks in Manaus, Brazil. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105441. [PMID: 32173316 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) was recently introduced into the Americas and now has the potential to spill back into a sylvatic cycle in the region, likely involving non-human primates and Aedes, Haemagogus, and Sabethes species mosquitoes. We investigated potential routes of mosquito-borne virus exchange between urban and sylvatic transmission cycles by characterizing mosquito communities in three urban forest parks that receive heavy traffic from both humans and monkeys in Manaus, Brazil. Parks were stratified by both distance from the urban-forest edge (0, 50, 100, and 500 m) and relative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (low, medium, or high), and mosquitoes were sampled at randomly selected sites within each stratum using BG-Sentinel traps. Additionally, temperature, relative humidity, and other environmental data were collected at each site. A total of 1,172 mosquitoes were collected from 184 sites sampled in 2018, of which 98 sites were resampled in 2019. Using park as the unit of replication (i.e. 3 replicates per sampling stratum), a two-way ANOVA showed no effect of distance or NDVI on the mean number of identified species (P > 0.05 for both comparisons) or on species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (P > 0.10 for both comparisons). However, the Morisita overlap index revealed that mosquito communities changed substantially with increasing distance from edge, with communities at 0 m and 500 m being quite distinct. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti penetrated at least 100 m into the forest, while forest specialists including Haemagogus janthinomys, Sabethes glaucodaemon, and Sa. tridentatus were detected in low numbers within 100 m from the forest edge. Trichoprosopon digitatum and Psorophora amazonica were among the most abundant species collected, and both showed distributions extending from the forest edge to its interior. Our results show overlapping distributions of urban and forest mosquitoes at park edges, which highlights the risk of arbovirus exchange via multiple bridge vectors in Brazilian urban forest parks. These parks may also provide refugia for both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti from mosquito control programs.
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Maciel LG, Oliveira AA, Romão TP, Leal LLL, Guido RVC, Silva-Filha MHNL, Dos Anjos JV, Soares TA. Discovery of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as a novel class of noncompetitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (HKT) from Aedes aegypti. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115252. [PMID: 31864777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the vector of arboviruses such as Zika, Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever. These infectious diseases have a major impact on public health. The unavailability of effective vaccines or drugs to prevent or treat most of these diseases makes vector control the main form of prevention. One strategy to promote mosquito population control is the use of synthetic insecticides to inhibit key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of these insects, particularly during larval stages. One of the main targets of the kynurenine detoxification pathway in mosquitoes is the enzyme 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (HKT), which catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) into xanthurenic acid (XA). In this work, we report eleven newly synthesized oxadiazole derivatives and demonstrate that these compounds are potent noncompetitive inhibitors of HKT from Ae. aegypti. The present data provide direct evidence that HKT can be explored as a molecular target for the discovery of novel larvicides against Ae. aegypti. More importantly, it ensures that structural information derived from the HKT 3D-structure can be used to guide the development of more potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G Maciel
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry - Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n°Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Andrew A Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics - University of São Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Tatiany P Romão
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM) - FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n°, Recife, PE 50740-560 Brazil
| | - Laylla L L Leal
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry - Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n°Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics - University of São Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína V Dos Anjos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry - Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n°Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE 50740-560, Brazil.
| | - Thereza A Soares
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry - Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n°Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE 50740-560, Brazil.
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Singh S, Kumar A. Ocular Manifestations of Emerging Flaviviruses and the Blood-Retinal Barrier. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100530. [PMID: 30274199 PMCID: PMC6213219 DOI: 10.3390/v10100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite flaviviruses remaining the leading cause of systemic human infections worldwide, ocular manifestations of these mosquito-transmitted viruses are considered relatively uncommon in part due to under-reporting. However, recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) implicated in causing multiple ocular abnormalities, such as conjunctivitis, retinal hemorrhages, chorioretinal atrophy, posterior uveitis, optic neuritis, and maculopathies, has rejuvenated a significant interest in understanding the pathogenesis of flaviviruses, including ZIKV, in the eye. In this review, first, we summarize the current knowledge of the major flaviviruses (Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Japanese Encephalitis) reported to cause ocular manifestations in humans with emphasis on recent ZIKV outbreaks. Second, being an immune privilege organ, the eye is protected from systemic infections by the presence of blood-retinal barriers (BRB). Hence, we discuss how flaviviruses modulate retinal innate response and breach the protective BRB to cause ocular or retinal pathology. Finally, we describe recently identified infection signatures of ZIKV and discuss whether these system biology-predicted genes or signaling pathways (e.g., cellular metabolism) could contribute to the pathogenesis of ocular manifestations and assist in the development of ocular antiviral therapies against ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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