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Effect of folic acid supplementation on lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Brisson V, Girard CL, Metcalf JA, Castagnino DS, Dijkstra J, Ellis JL. Meta-analysis of apparent ruminal synthesis and postruminal flow of B vitamins in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7399-7415. [PMID: 35879170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As milk production has significantly increased over the past decade(s), existing estimates of the B-vitamin needs of the modern dairy cow are currently being reconsidered, as suboptimal B-vitamin supply may affect metabolic efficiency. At the same time, however, "true" (i.e., biologically active forms, excluding nonfunctional analogs) B-vitamin supply also cannot be adequately estimated by dietary intake, as the rumen microbiota has been shown to play a significant role in synthesis and utilization of B vitamins. Given their complex impact on the metabolism of dairy cows, incorporating these key nutrients into the next generation of mathematical models could help to better predict animal production and performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate hypotheses of regulation in the absence of supplemental B vitamins by creating empirical models, through a meta-analysis, to describe true B-vitamin supply to the cow (postruminal flow, PRF) and apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS). The database used for this meta-analysis consisted of 340 individual cow observations from 15 studies with 16 experiments, where diet and postruminal digesta samples were (post hoc) analyzed for content of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12). Equations of univariate and multivariate linear form were considered. Models describing ARS considered dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d), B-vitamin dietary concentration [mg/kg of dry matter (DM)] and rumen-level variables such as rumen digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch (g/kg of DM), total volatile fatty acids (VFA, mM), acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate molar proportions (% of VFA), mean pH, and fractional rates of degradation of NDF and starch (%/h). Models describing PRF considered dietary-level driving variables such as DMI, B-vitamin dietary concentration (mg/kg of DM), starch and crude protein (g/kg of DM) and forage NDF (g/kg of DM). Equations developed were required to contain all significant slope parameters and contained no significant collinearity between driving variables. Concordance correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the models on the developmental data set due to data scarcity. Overall, modeling ARS yielded better-performing models compared with modeling PRF, and DMI was included in all prediction equations as a scalar variable. The B-vitamin dietary concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1, B2, B3, and B6 but increased the PRF of B2 and B9. The rumen digestible NDF concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B2, B3, and B6, whereas rumen digestible starch concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1 and a positive effect on the ARS of B9. In the best prediction models, the dietary starch increased PRF of B1, B2, and B9 but decreased PRF of B12. The equations developed may be used to better understand the effect of diet and ruminal environment on the true supply of B vitamins to the dairy cow and stimulate the development of better-defined requirements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brisson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - J A Metcalf
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 4T2, Canada
| | | | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Zhang Z, La S, Zhang G, Du H, Wu Z, Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S. Diet supplementation of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on performance, energy balance, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of early lactation dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Khan MZ, Khan A, Xiao J, Dou J, Liu L, Yu Y. Overview of Folic Acid Supplementation Alone or in Combination with Vitamin B12 in Dairy Cattle during Periparturient Period. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060263. [PMID: 32630405 PMCID: PMC7344520 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periparturient period is the period from three weeks before calving to three weeks post-calving. This period is important in terms of health, productivity and profitability, and is fundamental to successful lactation. During this period, the animal experiences stress because of hormonal changes due to pregnancy and the significant rise in milk production. In addition, a negative energy balance usually occurs, because the demand for nutrients to sustain milk production increases by more than the nutrient supply during the periparturient period. The immunity of dairy cattle is suppressed around parturition, which increases their susceptibility to infections. Special care regarding nutrition can reduce the risks of metabolism and immunity depression, which dairy cattle face during the periparturient span. Folic acid is relevant in this regard because of its critical role in the metabolism to maintain lactational performance and to improve health. Being a donor of one-carbon units, folic acid has a vital role in DNA and RNA biosynthesis. Generally, the folic acid requirements of dairy cattle can be met by the microbial synthesis in the rumen; however, in special cases, such as during the periparturient period, the requirement for this vitamin strictly increases. Vitamin B12 also has a critical role in the metabolism as a coenzyme of the enzyme methionine synthase for the transfer of a methyl group from folic acid to homocysteine for the regeneration of methionine. In the current review, we highlight the issues facing periparturient dairy cattle, and relevant knowledge and practices, and point out future research directions for utilization of the associated vitamins in ruminants, especially during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research, Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-627324611
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Branched-chain volatile fatty acids and folic acid accelerated the growth of Holstein dairy calves by stimulating nutrient digestion and rumen metabolism. Animal 2019; 14:1176-1183. [PMID: 31840620 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined addition of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFAs) and folic acid (FA) could improve growth performance and nutrient utilization by stimulating ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BCVFA and FA addition on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora and excretion of urinary purine derivatives (PDs) in calves. Thirty-six Chinese Holstein weaned calves (60 ± 5.4 days of age and 107 ± 4.7 kg of BW) were assigned to one of four groups in a randomized block design. Treatments were control (without additives), FA (with 10 mg FA/kg dietary DM), BCVFA (with 5 g BCVFA/kg dietary DM) and the combined addition of FA and BCVFA (10 mg/kg DM of FA and 5 g/kg DM of BCVFA). Supplements were hand-mixed into the top one-third of total mixed ration. Dietary concentrate to maize silage ratio was 50 : 50 on a DM basis. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition did not affect dry matter intake but increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency. Ruminal pH and ammonia N were lower, and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration was higher for BCVFA or FA addition than for control. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition did not affect acetate proportion but decreased propionate proportion and increased acetate to propionate ratio. Total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, CP and NDF was higher for BCVFA or FA addition than for control. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition increased activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and cellobiase, population of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminicola as well as total PD excretion. Ruminal xylanase, pectinase and protease activity and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens population were increased by BCVFA addition, whereas population of protozoa and methanogens was increased by FA addition. The BCVFA × FA interaction was significant for acetate to propionate ratio, cellobiase activity and total PD excretion, and these variables increased more with FA addition in diet without BCVFA than in diet with BCVFA. The data indicated that supplementation with BCVFA or FA increased ADG, nutrient digestibility, ruminal total VFA concentration and microbial protein synthesis by stimulating ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity in calves.
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Robinson P. Vitamin B requirements and duodenal deliveries in lactating dairy cows: Organization of a limited literature. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang C, Wu X, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in post-weaned dairy calves. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 73:18-29. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1547028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - XiaoXu Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - WenJie Huo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Office of Grass and Feed, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County, Yuci, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of dietary soybean oil and coated folic acid on ruminal digestion kinetics, fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and bacterial abundance in Jinnan beef steers. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Wang L, Abd El Hack ME, Swelum AA, Hao R, Yao J, Cao Y. Folate promotes S-adenosyl methionine reactions and the microbial methylation cycle and boosts ruminants production and reproduction. AMB Express 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29687201 PMCID: PMC5913057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate has gained significant attention due to its vital role in biological methylation and epigenetic machinery. Folate, or vitamin (B9), is only produced through a de novo mechanism by plants and micro-organisms in the rumen of mature animals. Although limited research has been conducted on folate in ruminants, it has been noted that ruminal synthesis could not maintain folate levels in high yielding dairy animals. Folate has an essential role in one-carbon metabolism and is a strong antiproliferative agent. Folate increases DNA stability, being crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, the methylation cycle, and preventing oxidation of DNA by free radicals. Folate is also critical for cell division, metabolism of proteins, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and increasing the de novo delivery of methyl groups and S-adenosylmethionine. However, in ruminants, metabolism of B12 and B9 vitamins are closely connected and utilization of folate by cells is significantly affected by B12 vitamin concentration. Supplementation of folate through diet, particularly in early lactation, enhanced metabolic efficiency, lactational performance, and nutritional quality of milk. Impaired absorption, oxidative degradation, or deficient supply of folate in ruminants affects DNA stability, cell division, homocysteine remethylation to methionine, de novo synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, and increases DNA hypomethylation, uracil misincorporation into DNA, chromosomal damage, abnormal cell growth, oxidative species, premature birth, low calf weight, placental tube defects, and decreases production and reproduction of ruminant animals. However, more studies are needed to overcome these problems and reduce enormous dietary supplement waste and impaired absorption of folate in ruminants. This review was aimed to highlight the vital role of folic acid in ruminants performance.
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected folic acid on rumen fermentation, degradability and excretion of urinary purine derivatives in growing steers. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 70:441-54. [PMID: 27666679 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1233677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary addition of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, enzyme activity and the relative quantity of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in growing beef steers. Eight rumen-cannulated Jinnan beef steers averaging 2.5 years of age and 419 ± 1.9 kg body weight were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four treatments comprised supplementation levels of 0 (Control), 70, 140 and 210 mg RPFA/kg dietary dry matter (DM). On DM basis, the ration consisted of 50% corn silage, 47% concentrate and 3% soybean oil. The DM intake (averaged 8.5 kg/d) was restricted to 95% of ad libitum intake. The intake of DM, crude protein (CP) and net energy for growth was not affected by treatments. In contrast, increasing RPFA supplementation increased average daily gain and the concentration of total volatile fatty acid and reduced ruminal pH linearly. Furthermore, increasing RPFA supplementation enhanced the acetate to propionate ratio and reduced the ruminal ammonia N content linearly. The ruminal effective degradability of neutral detergent fibre from corn silage and CP from concentrate improved linearly and was highest for the highest supplementation levels. The activities of cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase linearly increased, but carboxymethyl-cellulase and protease were not affected by the addition of RPFA. The relative quantities of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes increased linearly. With increasing RPFA supplementation levels, the excretion of urinary purine derivatives was also increased linearly. The present results indicated that the supplementation of RPFA improved ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, activities of microbial enzymes and the relative quantity of the ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. According to the conditions of this experiment, the optimum supplementation level of RPFA was 140 mg/kg DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - WenJie Huo
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Le Ma
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- b Office of Grass and Feed, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County , Yuci , Shanxi Province , P.R. China
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of rumen-protected folic acid on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, cellulolytic bacteria and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in growing beef steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effects of dietary supplements of rumen-protected folic acid on lactation performance, energy balance, blood parameters and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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