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Dao HT, Sharma NK, Swick RA, Moss AF. Feeding recycled food waste improved feed efficiency in laying hens from 24 to 43 weeks of age. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8261. [PMID: 37217578 PMCID: PMC10203362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is renewed interest in utilizing food waste as animal feed due to its potential benefits in reducing feed cost and environmental impact while improving global food security. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of recycled food waste-based feed for laying hen performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility. Hy-Line Brown hens (n = 150) were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments with 50 replicate cages of a single bird per treatment from 24 to 43 weeks of age. The treatments were: a standard/control feed based on wheat, sorghum, and soybean meal; a recycled food waste based-feed; and a 50:50 blend of control and food waste based-feed. Hens offered the food waste-based diets had similar egg weight, hen day egg production, and egg mass, but lower feed intake and higher feed efficiency, compared to those fed the control diets (P < 0.001). Hens fed the food waste diets exhibited lower shell breaking strength and shell thickness at week 34, and higher yolk color score and higher fat digestibility compared to the control treatment at week 43 (P < 0.001). Thus, feeding the recycled food waste based-feed maintained egg production while improving feed efficiency compared to the control feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep T Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Nishchal K Sharma
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Amy F Moss
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Effects of dietary electrolyte balance on performance, energy balance, and expression of genes related to acid-basic balance, absorption, and transport of nutrients in broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:165. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Araujo AC, Araújo RDS, Dourado LRB, Machado JS, Bayão GFV, Amoroso L, Artoni SMB, Shimano AC, Silva Sousa KR. Analysis of performance, bone characteristics, and expression of genes involved in the balance of ionic concentrations in broilers subjected to dietary electrolyte balance levels. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:226-234. [PMID: 34378457 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1966754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) are commonly used to correct dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) in birds. However, there are many gaps in the knowledge of their effects when used simultaneously. This study investigated the effect of DEB levels on performance, femur bone characteristics and the expression of genes related to the balance of ionic concentrations in broilers at 21 days of age.2. Male Cobb broiler chickens (n = 245), aged 1-21 d, were divided into groups based on a completely randomised design with five DEB levels (110 mEq/kg, 175 mEq/kg, 240 mEq/kg, 305 mEq/kg, and 370 mEq/kg).3. The performance characteristics measured included body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FCR) and body weight birds slaughtered (BWS).4. The bone variables assessed in the femur were weight (WE), relative bone weight (RBWE), length (L), width (WI), maximum load supported (MLS), bone-breaking resistance (BR), and Seedor index (SI). In addition, the expression of CHP1, SLC9A1, and SLC24A3 in the livers, intestines and kidneys of birds was evaluated.5. The DEB level of 370 mEq/kg, at Na+ content of 0.48%, resulted in the highest averages for L, MLS, and BR of the femur. This DEB level increased the expression of SLC9A1 in the liver and SLC24A3 in the intestine. A 240 mEq/kg DEB level decreased the expression of CHP1 in the liver, while supplementation with 110 mEq/kg increased the expression of SLC24A3 in the kidney.6. In conclusion, 370 mEq/kg DEB improved FCR and increased the mean bone characteristics of the femur (L, MLS, and BR) and the expression of SLC9A1 and SLC24A3 in the liver and intestine, respectively. These findings should be considered in future assessments of the effects of DEB levels on broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Araujo
- Cinobelina Elvas, Universidade Federal do Piauí - Ufpi, Bom Jesus, Brazil
| | - R D S Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Ufv, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - L R B Dourado
- Cinobelina Elvas, Universidade Federal do Piauí - Ufpi, Bom Jesus, Brazil
| | - J S Machado
- Cinobelina Elvas, Universidade Federal do Piauí - Ufpi, Bom Jesus, Brazil
| | - G F V Bayão
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - L Amoroso
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - S M B Artoni
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - A C Shimano
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Universidade de São Paulo - Usp, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - K R Silva Sousa
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - Ufma, São Luís, Brazil
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Electrolytes, dietary electrolyte balance and salts in broilers: an updated review on acid-base balance, blood and carcass characteristics. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Electrolytes, dietary electrolyte balance and salts in broilers: an updated review on growth performance, water intake and litter quality. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Taheri HR, Nasiri H, Ahmadkhani R. Which source and level of dietary sodium is appropriate for broiler chickens reared in a high-altitude area? J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1090-1098. [PMID: 31012184 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effect of increasing level of dietary sodium using sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride on growth performance, mortality, characteristics of carcass, organs and tibia, calcium and phosphorus of serum in broilers reared in a high-altitude area (1,700 m above sea level). A total of 588 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in seven treatments, six replicates per treatment of 14 birds per each from 1 to 38 d of age. Seven dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride), top-dressed for six diets to give three supplementary levels of sodium (0.07%, 0.14% and 0.21%) from sodium bicarbonate (respectively by 0.26%, 0.52% and 0.78%) or sodium chloride (respectively by 0.18%, 0.36% and 0.54%), resulting in seven diets with total sodium and chloride levels of 0.16% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.23%, 0.30% and 0.23%, 0.37% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.33%, 0.30% and 0.44%, 0.37% and 0.55% respectively. Increasing sodium level improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly and quadratically. However, when FCR was calculated without adjusting for feed intake of mortalities, the enhanced sodium level did not improve this parameter. Increasing sodium level via sodium chloride enhanced ascites mortality, total mortality, relative weight of heart and right ventricle linearly. Increasing sodium level reduced serum calcium and enhanced serum phosphorus linearly; however, there was a linear tendency to increase tibia ash when sodium level was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.08) or sodium chloride (p = 0.07). Increasing sodium level via sodium bicarbonate tended (p = 0.08) to reduce tibia strength linearly. In conclusion, a diet with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride is enough for broiler chicken reared in a high-altitude area, and increasing dietary sodium level via sodium chloride has detrimental effect on survivability of broiler in such condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Taheri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ahmadkhani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Jankowski J, Juśkiewicz J, Lichtorowicz K, Zduńczyk Z. Effects of the dietary level and source of sodium on growth performance, gastrointestinal digestion and meat characteristics in turkeys. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The effect of different dietary sodium levels on blood mineral concentrations and tibia mineralization in turkeys. Pol J Vet Sci 2012; 15:227-32. [PMID: 22844698 DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary levels of sodium in diets with and without sodium chloride on mineral metabolism, including blood electrolyte levels and tibia mineralization parameters, in young turkeys (to six weeks of age). The influence of diets with a low (L), medium (M) and high (H) sodium content, at 0.34, 1.34 and 2.82 g/kg respectively, was compared. The content of chloride and potassium in turkey diets (1.7 - 5.9 and 11 g/kg, respectively) was above the recommended levels. The sodium-deficient diet L decreased the serum concentrations of sodium, chloride and phosphorus, and it increased the serum levels of calcium and magnesium in turkeys, compared with groups M and H. Relative to group L, different dietary sodium levels in groups M and H contributed to a similar increase in the body weights of birds (1.06 vs. 1.46 and 1.44 kg, p < 0.001) and in the absolute (4.60 vs. 6.83 and 6.62 g, p < 0.001) and relative tibia weight (0.42 vs. 0.46 and 0.46% body weight, p = 0.031). No significant differences were found between groups with respect to the content of ash, calcium and phosphorus in tibia dry matter. Supplemental sodium increased the bone density index (from 50.6 to 68.4 and 66.3 mg/mm in groups L, M and H, respectively, p < 0.001), the maximum bending moment (from 5.27 to 7.40 and 7.33 N/mm, p = 0.002) and the minimum breaking strength of tibia (from 0.136 to 0.191 and 0.189, p = 0.002). In conclusion, our study indicates that the applied dietary treatment with a moderate sodium level (1.34 g/kg) resulted in a rate of bird growth and tibia mineralization similar to those observed with the treatment with much higher Na content (2.82 g/kg).
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