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He F, Jin X, E T, Zhao L, Yang W, Zhao Y, Pan L, Bao N, Sun H. Bacillus subtilis JATP3 improved the immunity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal flora and producing citalopram. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106852. [PMID: 39147213 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of Bacillus subtilis JATP3 to stimulate immune response and improve intestinal health in piglets during the critical weaning period. Twelve 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed a basal diet, while the other group was fed a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis JATP3 (1 × 109 CFU/mL; 10 mL) for 28 days. The results revealed a significant increase in the intestinal villus gland ratio of weaned piglets following the inclusion of B. subtilis JATP3 (P < 0.05). Inclusion of a probiotic supplement improve the intestinal flora of jejunum and ileum of weaned piglets. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated a notable rise in citalopram levels in the jejunum and ileum, along with elevated levels of isobutyric acid and isocitric acid in the ileum. The results of correlation analysis show that indicated a positive correlation between citalopram and microbial changes. Furthermore, the probiotic-treated group exhibited a significant upregulation in the relative expression of Claudin, Zonula Occludens 1 (ZO-1), and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the jejunum and ileum, while displaying a noteworthy reduction in the relative expression of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Overall, these findings suggest that B. subtilis JATP3 can safeguard intestinal health by modulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, wherein citalopram might be a key component contributing to the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueying Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjiao E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Wenyan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Li F, Li X, Jiang M, Wang C, Liu G, Yang Z, Wu Y. Research progress into the application of Mycobacterium phlei in veterinary medicine. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2617-2624. [PMID: 37723902 PMCID: PMC10650220 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium phlei is a gram-positive acid-fast mycobacterium from the family Mycobacteriaceae. It is a valuable resource for both natural drugs and microecological preparations. It has been widely used in the field of human medicine; however, in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, the research and application of M. phlei is still in the preliminary exploration stage. This study aims to summarize the research progress of M. phlei in the field of veterinary medicine and provide a valuable reference for future research. Key words, such as 'M. phlei', 'veterinary field', 'immune balancer', 'genome' and other relevant words to this study, were used to search through PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that the culture conditions of M. phlei were relatively simple, but its bacterial composition and genome sequence were relatively complex, and various components in the cell wall may have immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, the inactivated preparation made from M. phlei can have various applications in the veterinary field, such as growth regulation, immune regulation, antitumour, anti-parasite and asthma treatment. The literature review indicates that M. phlei preparation is an efficient and convenient immune system balance agent. Despite the challenges associated with the use of M. phlei preparations, it has a strong potential for application in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd.LiuyangHunanChina
| | - Meng‐Lin Jiang
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chun‐Hua Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Gao‐Feng Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd.LiuyangHunanChina
| | - Zi Yang
- Academician WorkstationChangsha Medical UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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3
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Saleem W, Ren X, Van Den Broeck W, Nauwynck H. Changes in intestinal morphology, number of mucus-producing cells and expression of coronavirus receptors APN, DPP4, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in pigs with aging. Vet Res 2023; 54:34. [PMID: 37055856 PMCID: PMC10100624 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine enteric viral infections cause high morbidity and mortality in young piglets (<3 weeks). Later, these rates decrease with age. This age-dependent infectivity remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the changes in intestinal morphology, number of mucus-producing cells and expression level of coronavirus receptors in three age groups of pigs. Villus height and crypt depth increased with age from 3 days to 3 months in duodenum and ileum but not in mid-jejunum, where the villus height decreased from 580 µm at 3 days to 430 µm at 3 months. Enterocyte length-to-width ratio increased from 3 days to 3 months in all intestinal regions. The number of mucus-producing cells increased with age in the intestinal villi and crypts. The Brunner's glands of the duodenum contained the highest concentration of mucus-producing cells. The expression of coronavirus receptor APN was highest in the small intestinal villi at all ages. DPP4 expression slightly decreased over time in jejunum and ileum; it was highest in the ileal villi of 3-day-old piglets (70.2% of cells). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 positive cells increased with age in jejunal and ileal crypts and were particularly dominant in the ileal crypts (> 45% of cells). Except for the expression of DPP4 in the jejunum and ileum of young pigs, the expression pattern of the selected coronavirus receptors was very different and not correlated with the age-dependent susceptibility to viral infections. In contrast, the number of mucus-producing cells increased over time and may play an essential role in protecting enteric mucosae against intestinal viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Saleem
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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López-Cano A, Bach A, López-Serrano S, Aragon V, Blanch M, Pastor JJ, Tedó G, Morais S, Garcia-Fruitós E, Arís A. Potential of Oral Nanoparticles Containing Cytokines as Intestinal Mucosal Immunostimulants in Pigs: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091075. [PMID: 35565502 PMCID: PMC9101217 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibiotics are essential compounds to cope with bacterial infections. However, their inadequate and excessive use has triggered the rapid arising of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In this scenario, immunostimulants, which are molecules that boost the immune system, open up a new approach to face this problem, enhancing treatment efficacy and preventing infections by immune system response. Cytokines are central effector molecules of the immune system, and their recombinant production and administration in animals could be an interesting immune modulation strategy. The aim of this study was the development of a highly stable nanoparticle of porcine cytokines to achieve the immunostimulation of intestinal mucosa in piglets. The outcomes of the present study prove this approach is able to stimulate swine intestinal cells and macrophages in vitro and tends to modulate inflammatory responses in vivo, although further studies are required to definitively evaluate their potential in animals. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that is worryingly rising in the livestock sector. Among the proposed strategies, immunostimulant development appears an interesting approach to increase animal resilience at critical production points. The use of nanoparticles based on cytokine aggregates, called inclusion bodies (IBs), has been demonstrated as a new source of immunostimulants in aquaculture. Aiming to go a step further, the objective of this study was to produce cytokine nanoparticles using a food-grade microorganism and to test their applicability to stimulate intestinal mucosa in swine. Four cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) involved in inflammatory response were produced recombinantly in Lactococcus lactis in the form of protein nanoparticles (IBs). They were able to stimulate inflammatory responses in a porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2) and alveolar macrophages, maintaining high stability at low pH and high temperature. In addition, an in vivo assay was conducted involving 20 piglets housed individually as a preliminary exploration of the potential effects of IL-1β nanoparticles in piglet intestinal mucosa after a 7 d oral administration. The treated animals tended to have greater levels of TNF-α in the blood, indicating that the tested dose of nanoparticles tended to generate an inflammatory response in the animals. Whether this response is sufficient to increase animal resilience needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López-Cano
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alex Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.B.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (S.L.-S.); (V.A.)
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (S.L.-S.); (V.A.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Blanch
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., Edifici Eureka, UAB Research Park, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.); (J.J.P.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Jose J. Pastor
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., Edifici Eureka, UAB Research Park, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.); (J.J.P.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Gemma Tedó
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., Edifici Eureka, UAB Research Park, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.); (J.J.P.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sofia Morais
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., Edifici Eureka, UAB Research Park, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.); (J.J.P.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.G.-F.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.G.-F.); (A.A.)
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Ormondes de Farias J, Resende Ferreira AC, Cardoso Kostopoulos AG, Berto Rezende TM, Dias SC. Synergistic activity and immunomodulatory potential of levofloxacin and Synoeca-MP peptide against multi-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2022; 163:105403. [PMID: 35033636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the isolated and combined effect of the peptides Synoeca-MP and IDR-1018 against multi-resistant clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (Kp2177569 - LACEN) in vitro. The bactericidal activity of the peptide Synoeca-MP in combination with three different classes of commercial antimicrobials and its immunomodulatory potential was also evaluated. Synoeca-MP showed better antimicrobial activity than IDR-1018 and presented synergistic action combined with levofloxacin. Therefore, Synoeca-MP and levofloxacin, and the combination of both, were used in subsequent analyses. In the presence of heat-killed antigens, cellular viability and TNF-α levels was maintained, the production of NO increased and a reduction in IL-10 production was observed. The synergistic antibacterial effect between Synoeca-MP and levofloxacin was effective against multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. The association of Synoeca-MP and levofloxacin may present a low modulating action of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators, based on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Ormondes de Farias
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Arthur Corrêa Resende Ferreira
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SHAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5 - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SHAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5 - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 07 Lote 01, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SHAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5 - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Zeng Z, Tang L, Zhou Y, Wang B, Wang Q, Zou P, Zhan X, Fu L, Li W. Effect of pidotimod on growth performance, immune function,
intestinal epithelial barriers and microbiota of piglets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/134117/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang K, Zhu Q, Kong X, Song M, Azad MAK, Xiong L, Zheng Y, He Q. Dietary Probiotics or Synbiotics Supplementation During Gestation, Lactation, and Nursery Periods Modifies Colonic Microbiota, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:597832. [PMID: 33381535 PMCID: PMC7767837 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.597832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary probiotics or synbiotics supplementation on colonic microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 64 pregnant Bama mini-sows and then 128 of their weaned piglets were randomly assigned into control group, antibiotics group, probiotics group, or synbiotics group. The results showed that colonic Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium abundances in the probiotics group and total bacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacillus abundances in the synbiotics group were increased (P < 0.05), while Escherichia coli abundance in the synbiotics group was decreased (P = 0.061) compared with the control group. Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, and total bacteria abundances were increased (P < 0.05) in the probiotics and synbiotics groups compared with the antibiotics group. Probiotics supplementation up-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of GPR109A compared with the control and antibiotics groups. Dietary probiotics or synbiotics supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity by increasing (P < 0.05) the colonic CAT, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC levels and plasma CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD levels and by decreasing (P < 0.05) the colonic and plasma MDA and H2O2 levels. Compared to the control group, the colonic IL-10, IFN-α, and sIgA concentrations and plasma IgA and IgM concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the probiotics and synbiotics groups. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the changed colonic microbiota, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were correlated with the alteration of antioxidant indexes, cytokines, and immunoglobulins. In conclusion, dietary probiotics or synbiotics supplementation during gestation, lactation, and nursery periods could be used as an alternative for antibiotics in terms of gut health of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Mingtong Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Wang L, Yan S, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Yin J, Xiong X, Yin Y, Yang H. Rapid Communication: The relationship of enterocyte proliferation with intestinal morphology and nutrient digestibility in weaning piglets. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:353-358. [PMID: 30304539 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal morphology and function is essential for improving postweaning growth in pigs. The objective of this study was to identify the relationships of enterocyte proliferation with intestinal villus height, crypt depth, and nutrient digestibility in piglets. Sixty-four 21-d-old weaned piglets were used. Gastrointestinal cell proliferation was evaluated via Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Villus height and crypt depth were measured using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP and GE was determined by chemical analysis. The activities of lactase and sucrase were determined with commercial kits. Western blot was carried out to assess the expression of nutrient transporters. The number of Ki-67 positive cells was associated with villus height (r = 0.548, P < 0.001) and crypt depth (r = 0.759, P < 0.001) in the jejunum. The number of Ki-67 positive cells was also associated with the ATTD of CP (r = 0.715, P = 0.001). Furthermore, a positive relationship between Ki-67 positive cell populations and lactase activity (r = 0.559, P < 0.001) was observed. Additionally, the number of Ki-67 positive cells was associated with the protein expression levels of nutrient transporters PEPT1 (r = 0.511, P = 0.030) and SGLT1 (r = 0.601, P = 0.014). Weak relationships were found between Ki-67 positive cell numbers and the ATTD of GE (r = 0.401, P = 0.099) and the activity of sucrase (r = 0.313, P = 0.087). In conclusion, enterocyte proliferation was positively associated with intestinal villus height, crypt depth, and nutrient digestibility in weaning piglets. Our findings suggested that intestinal morphology and function can be improved by regulating epithelial cell proliferation in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanling Yan
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang L, Zhu F, Yang H, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Xiong X, Yin Y. Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and expression of nutrient transporters in early-weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:618-625. [PMID: 30659707 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abnormalities in intestinal morphology and digestive function during weaning are associated with the loss of milk-borne growth factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. This study was to determine the effect of dietary EGF on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and the expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters in weaned piglets. Forty-two piglets were weaned at 21 days and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 200 µg/kg EGF or (3) basal diet + 400 µg/kg EGF. Each treatment consisted of 14 replicates, and seven piglets from each treatment were sampled on day 7 and 14. The EGF supplementation significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, but tended to decrease sucrase activity (p < 0.10) than the control group. At day 7 post-weaning, animals receiving EGF diets showed a tendency (p < 0.10) towards greater ileal villus height (VH), jejunal crypt depth (CD) and duodenal VH:CD when compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2 (Slc2a2), neutral amino acid transporter (Slc6a19) and calbindin D9k (S100G) tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for EGF groups than the control group. By day 14, EGF supplementation markedly enhanced (p < 0.05) the VH, CD and VH:CD in the jejunum compared to the control group. This addition also up-regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level and the protein abundance of peptide transporter 1 than the control group. These findings demonstrated that dietary EGF beneficially enhanced nutrient digestibility, improved intestinal development and increased the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
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Zhong JF, Wu WG, Tastan A, Zhang XQ, Wang B, Tang XP, Fang RJ. Effects of an immune stimulant, inactivated Mycobacterium phlei, on the growth performance as well as meat quality of fattening pigs. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:703-712. [PMID: 29314446 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei) is well known for its immune-stimulatory functions in humans and livestock, but less information is available about the influence on meat quality of pigs when used as a feed additive. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of inactivated M. phlei on growth performance as well as meat quality of fattening pigs. A total of 240 cross-bred pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight of 80.14 ± 0.29 kg were randomly allocated to five treatments, each of which consisted of eight replicates with 6six pigs per replicate. The basal diet supplemented with five levels of inactivated M. phlei preparations (0, 3.5 × 109 [0.1% w/w], 7 × 109 [0.2%], 1.4 × 1010 [0.4%] or 2.1 × 1010 [0.6%] colony-forming units/kg) was respectively fed to the control group and four treatment groups for 30 days. Adding 0.4% of inactivated M. phlei to diet increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of pigs. Importantly, intramuscular fat percentage in the Longissimus dorsi (LD) was increased by feeding diet containing 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of inactivated M. phlei, despite the pH value, drip loss, cooking loss and filter paper fluid uptake not being influenced. Analysis of the fatty acid components showed that some saturated fatty acids were decreased in LD after feeding inactivated M. phlei, but some monounsaturated fat acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased (PUFAs), which induced the total contents of MUFAs and PUFAs were improved. RT-PCR assay revealed that feeding inactivated M. phlei up-regulated genes implicated in fat metabolism in muscle, including ELOVL6, FASN, SCD1 and H-FABP. This study revealed that feeding inactivated M. phlei not only increased growth performance of fattening pigs, but also improved the meat quality by increasing intramuscular fat content, thus inactivated M. phlei probably has high utilization value in modern pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Zhong
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Yining, China
| | - Wei-Gao Wu
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China
| | | | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Grassland Research Institute, Hohhot, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Yining, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Yining, China
| | - Re-Jun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Yining, China
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