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Ruican D, Petrescu AM, Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Roșu GC, Zorilă GL, Dîră LM, Nagy RD, Mogoantă L, Pirici D, Iliescu DG. Confirmation of Heart Malformations in Fetuses in the First Trimester Using Three-Dimensional Histologic Autopsy. Obstet Gynecol 2023:00006250-990000000-00767. [PMID: 37141594 PMCID: PMC10184816 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of histology slides to confirm congenital heart disease (CHD) detected by first-trimester fetal cardiac ultrasonography. Conventional autopsy is hindered by the small size of the first-trimester fetal heart, and current CHD confirmation studies employ the use of highly specialized and expensive methods. TECHNIQUE An extended first-trimester ultrasound examination protocol was used to diagnose fetal heart anomalies. Medical termination of pregnancies was followed by fetal heart extraction. The specimens were sliced, and the histology slides were stained and scanned. The resulting images were processed, and volume rendering was performed using 3D reconstruction software. The volumes were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team of maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists and pathologists and compared with ultrasound examination findings. EXPERIENCE Six fetuses with heart malformations were evaluated using histologic 3D imaging: two with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, two with atrioventricular septal defects, one with an isolated ventricular septal defect, and one with transposition of the great arteries. The technique allowed us to confirm ultrasound-detected anomalies and also identified additional malformations. CONCLUSION After pregnancy termination or loss, histologic 3D imaging can be used to confirm the presence of fetal cardiac malformations detected during first-trimester ultrasound examination. Additionally, this technique has the potential to refine the diagnosis for counseling regarding recurrence risk and retains the advantages of standard histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ruican
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency County Hospital, and the Doctoral School, the Department of Histology, the Research Centre for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Hortsch M. Histology as a paradigm for a science-based learning experience: Visits by histology education spirits of past, present, and future. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2023; 16:372-383. [PMID: 36453080 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The term "histology" was coined a little over 200 years ago and the subject has always relied on microscopy as its defining technology. Microscopy was and still is an essential approach for the description of cellular components and their arrangements in living organisms. For more than a century and a half, histology or microanatomy has also been part of the basic science education for biomedical students. Traditionally, it has been taught in two major components, a didactic transfer of information, either in a lecture or self-learning format, and in active-learning laboratory sessions. These two modes of histology instruction conform with the dual-processing theory of learning, one being more automatic and depending mainly on rote memorization, whereas the other is analytical, requiring more advanced reasoning skills. However, these two components of histology education are not separate and independent, but rather complementary and part of a multi-step learning process that encourages a scientific analysis of visual information and involves higher-level learning skills. Conventional, as well as modern electronic instruction methods (e-learning) have been used in complementary ways to support the integrated succession of individual learning steps as outlined in this manuscript. However, as recent curricular reforms have curtailed instructional time, this traditional format of teaching histology is no longer sustainable and a reflective reassessment of the role of histology in modern biomedical education is a timely necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Hortsch M, Koney NKK, Oommen AM, Yohannan DG, Li Y, de Melo Leite ACR, Girão-Carmona VCC. Virtual Microscopy Goes Global: The Images Are Virtual and the Problems Are Real. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1421:79-124. [PMID: 37524985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30379-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
For the last two centuries, the scholarly education of histology and pathology has been based on technology, initially on the availability of low-cost, high-quality light microscopes, and more recently on the introduction of computers and e-learning approaches to biomedical education. Consequently, virtual microscopy (VM) is replacing glass slides and the traditional light microscope as the main instruments of instruction in histology and pathology laboratories. However, as with most educational changes, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with a new technology. The use of VM for the teaching of histology and pathology requires an extensive infrastructure and the availability of computing devices to all learners, both posing a considerable financial strain on schools and students. Furthermore, there may be valid reasons for practicing healthcare professionals to maintain competency in using light microscopes. In addition, some educators may be reluctant to embrace new technologies. These are some of the reasons why the introduction of VM as an integral part of histology and pathology instruction has been globally uneven. This paper compares the teaching of histology and pathology using traditional or VM in five different countries and their adjacent regions, representing developed, as well as developing areas of the globe. We identify general and local roadblocks to the introduction of this still-emerging didactic technology and outline solutions for overcoming these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Aswathy Maria Oommen
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Doris George Yohannan
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liimatainen K, Latonen L, Valkonen M, Kartasalo K, Ruusuvuori P. Virtual reality for 3D histology: multi-scale visualization of organs with interactive feature exploration. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1133. [PMID: 34686173 PMCID: PMC8539837 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality (VR) enables data visualization in an immersive and engaging manner, and it can be used for creating ways to explore scientific data. Here, we use VR for visualization of 3D histology data, creating a novel interface for digital pathology to aid cancer research. Methods Our contribution includes 3D modeling of a whole organ and embedded objects of interest, fusing the models with associated quantitative features and full resolution serial section patches, and implementing the virtual reality application. Our VR application is multi-scale in nature, covering two object levels representing different ranges of detail, namely organ level and sub-organ level. In addition, the application includes several data layers, including the measured histology image layer and multiple representations of quantitative features computed from the histology. Results In our interactive VR application, the user can set visualization properties, select different samples and features, and interact with various objects, which is not possible in the traditional 2D-image view used in digital pathology. In this work, we used whole mouse prostates (organ level) with prostate cancer tumors (sub-organ objects of interest) as example cases, and included quantitative histological features relevant for tumor biology in the VR model. Conclusions Our application enables a novel way for exploration of high-resolution, multidimensional data for biomedical research purposes, and can also be used in teaching and researcher training. Due to automated processing of the histology data, our application can be easily adopted to visualize other organs and pathologies from various origins. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08542-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Liimatainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Masi Valkonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kartasalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Ruusuvuori
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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From Scope to Screen: The Evolution of Histology Education. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:75-107. [PMID: 33211308 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47483-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histology, the branch of anatomy also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of the structure and function of the body's tissues. To gain an understanding of the tissues of the body is to learn the foundational underpinnings of anatomy and achieve a deeper, more intimate insight into how the body is constructed, functions, and undergoes pathological change. Histology, therefore, is an integral element of basic science education within today's medical curricula. Its development as a discipline is inextricably linked to the evolution of the technology that allows us to visualize it. This chapter takes us on the journey through the past, present, and future of histology and its education; from technologies grounded in ancient understanding and control of the properties of light, to the ingenuity of crafting glass lenses that led to the construction of the first microscopes; traversing the second revolution in histology through the development of modern histological techniques and methods of digital and virtual microscopy, which allows learners to visualize histology anywhere, at any time; to the future of histology that allows flexible self-directed learning through social media, live-streaming, and virtual reality as a result of the powerful smart technologies we all carry around in our pockets. But, is our continuous pursuit of technological advancement projecting us towards a dystopian world where machines with artificial intelligence learn how to read histological slides and diagnose the diseases in the very humans that built them?
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Liikanen E. Practicing Histotechnologists Identify the Core Competencies Needed by Newly Graduated Biomedical Laboratory Scientists in Histotechnology and Histology. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2019; 29:923-927. [PMID: 34457567 PMCID: PMC8368789 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-019-00770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The universities of applied sciences in Finland offer 3.5-year courses for histotechnologists and they graduate as biomedical laboratory scientist with 12 credits in histology and histotechnology. The aim of this study was to survey practicing histotechnologists about the core competencies needed by newly graduated biomedical scientists in histology and histotechnology. The data were collected in Finland in 2015. We asked 43 participants to complete a questionnaire that comprised two background questions, five open-ended questions and 38 Likert scale questions, with the responses ranging from five (strongly agree) to one (strongly disagree), and 22 (51%) responded. They stated that the most important competencies were the principles of tissue processing (mean 4.77), embedding (4.64), laboratory safety (4.57), fixation methods (4.55), cutting by microtomy (4.55), quality control of sections (4.55), fixation methods (4.55), and principles of stains (4.36). The least important competencies were quality control of molecular pathology (2.56), interpretation of immunohistological stains (2.71), use of molecular pathology (2.89), and independent dissection (2.91). The respondents stated that there were 20 stains that newly graduated biomedical laboratory scientists needed to know. The practices involving staining emerged in the open responses and four were considered to be important: Hematoxylin-Eosin (n = 18), Periodic Acid Schiff (n = 11), Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (n = 9), and Giemsa (n = 9). The most essential tissues to identify were the histology of the alimentary track (n = 9), skin (n = 6), and liver (n = 5). The core competencies that histotechnologists felt were important for newly graduated biomedical laboratory scientists seemed to be consistent with the current curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Liikanen
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland
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Tamgadge S, Tamgadge A. Third dimension on histopathological aspect of oral lichen planus: An innovation in teaching oral pathology. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:310. [PMID: 31516256 PMCID: PMC6714284 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_262_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder. There are plethora of 2D histopathological images, but 3D images and 3D animation video of the same have not been published so far. Therefore, this article is a preliminary attempt to present the same which the author has designed herself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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