1
|
Marzetti E, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Picca A. Mitochondrial Quantity and Quality in Age-Related Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2052. [PMID: 38396729 PMCID: PMC10889427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a condition with a complex pathophysiology. Among the factors underlying the development of sarcopenia are the progressive demise of motor neurons, the transition from fast to slow myosin isoform (type II to type I fiber switch), and the decrease in satellite cell number and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated as a key contributor to skeletal myocyte decline and loss of physical performance with aging. Several systems have been implicated in the regulation of muscle plasticity and trophism such as the fine-tuned and complex regulation between the stimulator of protein synthesis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the inhibitor of mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), that promotes muscle catabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial signaling and quality with muscle homeostasis and performance and discuss the main pathways elicited by their imbalance during age-related muscle wasting. We also discuss lifestyle interventions (i.e., physical exercise and nutrition) that may be exploited to preserve mitochondrial function in the aged muscle. Finally, we illustrate the emerging possibility of rescuing muscle tissue homeostasis through mitochondrial transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao Y, Xie X, Chen Z, Yin G, Kong W, Zhou J. Advances in the roles of ATF4 in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115864. [PMID: 37948991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by reduced bone mass, decreased strength, and enhanced bone fragility fracture risk. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) plays a role in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, redox balance, amino acid uptake, and glycolipid metabolism. ATF4 induces the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into osteoblasts, increases osteoblast activity, and inhibits osteoclast formation, promoting bone formation and remodeling. In addition, ATF4 mediates the energy metabolism in osteoblasts and promotes angiogenesis. ATF4 is also involved in the mediation of adipogenesis. ATF4 can selectively accumulate in osteoblasts. ATF4 can directly interact with RUNT-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and up-regulate the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osterix (Osx). Several upstream factors, such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP2/Smad signaling pathways, have been involved in ATF4-mediated osteoblast differentiation. ATF4 promotes osteoclastogenesis by mediating the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) signaling. Several agents, such as parathyroid (PTH), melatonin, and natural compounds, have been reported to regulate ATF4 expression and mediate bone metabolism. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the biological activities of ATF4 in maintaining bone homeostasis and inhibiting OP development. ATF4 has become a therapeutic target for OP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xunlu Xie
- Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Picca A, Faitg J, Auwerx J, Ferrucci L, D'Amico D. Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2047-2061. [PMID: 38036770 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining optimal mitochondrial function is a feature of health. Mitophagy removes and recycles damaged mitochondria and regulates the biogenesis of new, fully functional ones preserving healthy mitochondrial functions and activities. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that impaired mitophagy negatively affects cellular health and contributes to age-related chronic diseases. Strategies to boost mitophagy have been successfully tested in model organisms, and, recently, some have been translated into clinics. In this Review, we describe the basic mechanisms of mitophagy and how mitophagy can be assessed in human blood, the immune system and tissues, including muscle, brain and liver. We outline mitophagy's role in specific diseases and describe mitophagy-activating approaches successfully tested in humans, including exercise and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. We describe how mitophagy is connected to other features of ageing through general mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress and forecast how strengthening research on mitophagy and mitophagy interventions may strongly support human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Julie Faitg
- Amazentis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baumgartner JN, Kowtha B, Riscuta G, Wali A, Gao Y. Molecular underpinnings of physical activity and resilience: A brief overview of the state-of-science and research design needs. Stress Health 2023; 39:14-21. [PMID: 37226691 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Baumgartner
- Office of Disease Prevention, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bramaramba Kowtha
- Office of Disease Prevention, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriela Riscuta
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anil Wali
- Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunling Gao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neto IVDS, Pinto AP, Muñoz VR, de Cássia Marqueti R, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER, Silva ASRD. Pleiotropic and multi-systemic actions of physical exercise on PGC-1α signaling during the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101935. [PMID: 37062444 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical training is a potent therapeutic approach for improving mitochondrial health through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways. However, comprehensive information regarding the physical training impact on PGC-1α in the different physiological systems with advancing age is not fully understood. This review sheds light on the frontier-of-knowledge data regarding the chronic effects of exercise on the PGC-1α signaling pathways in rodents and humans. We address the molecular mechanisms involved in the different tissues, clarifying the precise biological action of PGC-1α, restricted to the aged cell type. Distinct exercise protocols (short and long-term) and modalities (aerobic and resistance exercise) increase the transcriptional and translational PGC-1α levels in adipose tissue, brain, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle in animal models, suggesting that this versatile molecule induces pleiotropic responses. However, PGC-1α function in some human tissues (adipose tissue, heart, and brain) remains challenging for further investigations. PGC-1α is not a simple transcriptional coactivator but supports a biochemical environment of mitochondrial dynamics, controlling physiological processes (primary metabolism, tissue remodeling, autophagy, inflammation, and redox balance). Acting as an adaptive mechanism, the long-term effects of PGC-1α following exercise may reflect the energy demand to coordinate multiple organs and contribute to cellular longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The physical exercise-induced oxidative/inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Signaling cellular energetic stress situations. Life Sci 2023; 321:121440. [PMID: 36921686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are a variety of specialized immune cells produced in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that work together to protect our bodies from harmful pathogens. From a metabolic point of view, these cells can serve as sentinel tissue source for distinguishing multiple types of whole-body physiological perturbations. The significant interaction of PBMCs with systemic physiology makes these cells an attractive target for several interventions such as physical exercise. Analyses of oxidative/inflammatory and metabolic markers of PBMCs obtained from unhealthy and healthy humans have been used in monitoring immune response in different exercise conditions. It is already a common consensus that regular practice of physical exercise, that is planned, structured, and repetitive, influences personal health by altering the metabolic state and the immune system. However, the role of distinct metabolic processes responsible for maintaining metabolic balance during physical exercise in PBMCs is not fully understood. Furthermore, a complete dose-response analysis between different exercise protocols and biomarkers capable of predicting physical performance needs to be better elucidated. The absence of published reviews on this topic compromises the understanding of the crosstalk between the metabolic adaptations of PBMCs and exercise-induced changes in the immune system. Given the above, this review highlights the main findings in the literature involving the responses of PBMCs in the inflammatory/oxidative stress induced by physical exercise. The present review also highlights how distinct phenotypes and functional diversity of PBMCs make these cells an accessible alternative for assessing exercise-induced metabolic adaptations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Goh J, Wong E, Soh J, Maier AB, Kennedy BK. Targeting the molecular & cellular pillars of human aging with exercise. FEBS J 2023; 290:649-668. [PMID: 34968001 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological aging is the main driver of age-associated chronic diseases. In 2014, the United States National Institute of Aging (NIA) sponsored a meeting between several investigators in the field of aging biology, who identified seven biological pillars of aging and a consensus review, "Geroscience: Linking Aging to Chronic Disease," was published. The pillars of aging demonstrated the conservation of aging pathways in diverse model organisms and thus represent a useful framework with which to study human aging. In this present review, we revisit the seven pillars of aging from the perspective of exercise and discuss how regular physical exercise can modulate these pillars to stave off age-related chronic diseases and maintain functional capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Esther Wong
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Janjira Soh
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Andrea Britta Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Keith Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Resistance Training Modulates Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress, Independent of Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses, in Elderly People. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112242. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is related to changes in the redox status, low-grade inflammation, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR). Exercise has been shown to regulate the inflammatory response, balance redox homeostasis, and ameliorate the UPR. This work aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training on changes in the UPR, oxidative status, and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly subjects. Thirty elderly subjects volunteered to participate in an 8-week resistance training program, and 11 youth subjects were included for basal assessments. Klotho, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), oxidative marker expression (catalase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, protein carbonyls, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2), the IRE1 arm of UPR, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were evaluated before and following training. No changes in the HSP60 and Klotho protein content, oxidative status markers, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were found with exercise. However, an attenuation of the reduced pIRE1/IRE1 ratio was observed following training. Systems biology analysis showed that a low number of proteins (RPS27A, SYVN1, HSPA5, and XBP1) are associated with IRE1, where XBP1 and RPS27A are essential nodes according to the centrality analysis. Additionally, a gene ontology analysis confirms that endoplasmic reticulum stress is a key mechanism modulated by IRE1. These findings might partially support the modulatory effect of resistance training on the endoplasmic reticulum in the elderly.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Chhetri JK, Ma L. Physical resilience in older adults: Potential use in promoting healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101701. [PMID: 35905815 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physical resilience is a dynamic concept referring to the physiological response when the body is exposed to stressors. The level of physical resilience is the sum of underlying physiological reserves. Moreover, it may not only be determined by age, genetics, or exposure to a variety of diseases, but is also closely related to the psychological, social, and environmental factors of an individual. This paper summarizes our present understanding of the relationship between physical resilience and other concepts closely related to it. Furthermore, we illustrate the current research progress on physical resilience models and clinical resilience assessment. Besides, this paper intends to present a better understanding of physical resilience and its use in treatment decision-making, personalized diagnosis and disease management, and prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jagadish K Chhetri
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zolfaghari M, Faramarzi M, Hedayati M, Ghaffari M. The effect of resistance and endurance training with ursolic acid on atrophy-related biomarkers in muscle tissue of diabetic male rats induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14202. [PMID: 35593021 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of resistance and endurance training with/without ursolic acid supplementation was evaluated to identify atrophy-related biomarkers in elderly rats induced by diabetes and a high-fat diet (HFD) based on in silico analysis algorithms and pharmaceutical methods. The visualizer software found differential gene expression levels in skeletal muscle atrophy via computed hub gene network parameters. Also, the impact of ursolic acid, as a potent inducer of the Trp53 protein in ameliorating decreased muscle mass, was analyzed in diabetic rats. Fifty-six-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into seven groups, including healthy control (Control), diabetic control (DM), Ursolic acid supplementation (UA), resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), resistance training+ Ursolic acid supplementation (RT + U), and endurance training in combination with Ursolic acid supplementation (ET + U). Exercise intervention included 8 weeks of resistance or endurance training programs. Biomedical informatic outputs determined the P53 signaling pathway as a remarkable causative factor in the pathomechanism of atrophy. In addition, the results demonstrated that exercise and supplementation of UA impeded the interactions among p53/ATF4/p21. Moreover, ET and ursolic acid had a synergetic effect on the signaling pathway of p53/ATF4/p21 and probably could inhibit the aging process and modulate the p53/ATF4/p21 molecular pathway. The interaction between UA and endurance exercise significantly modified the activity of the p53/ATF4/p21 signaling pathway. Based on in silico studies, the p53/ATF4/p21 pathway plays an essential role in aging, and the inhibition of this pathway would be beneficial in decelerating the aging process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid found in apples (a major compound of apple wax) and other fruits; it is known to improve skeletal muscle function and reduce the muscular atrophy pathways. We indicated that p53/ATF4/p21 signaling is an essential factor in aging, and the suppression of this pathway could be beneficial in the deceleration of the aging process. Therefore, this work would shed light on understanding the effect of exercise and nutrition interventions on preventing atrophy markers of skeletal muscle in diabetic rats. Further studies are needed to seek the precise mechanism of the synergism between UA and exercise in ameliorating atrophy markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zolfaghari
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghaffari
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng HC, Tsai SH, Liu HW. Activation of inflammatory pathways in PBMCs linking type 2 diabetes in older adults without obesity. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
12
|
Impact of exercise training on muscle mitochondria modifications in older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1495-1510. [PMID: 35079977 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence showed that cellular aging is a multifactorial process that is associated with decline in mitochondrial function. Physical exercise has been proposed as an effective and safe therapeutical intervention to improve the mitochondria network in the adult myocytes. AIMS The aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to assess the exercise-induced muscle mitochondria modifications in older adults, underlining the differences related to different exercise modalities. METHODS On November 28th, 2021, five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PEDro) were systematically searched for RCTs to include articles with: healthy older people as participants; physical exercise (endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), and combined training (CT)) as intervention; other different exercise modalities or physical inactivity as comparator; mitochondrial modifications (quality, density and dynamics, oxidative, and antioxidant capacity) as outcomes. The quality assessment was performed according to the PEDro scale; the bias risk was evaluated by Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. RESULTS Out of 2940 records, 6 studies were included (2 assessing ET, 2 RT, 1 CT, and 1 both ET and RT). Taken together, 164 elderly subjects were included in the present systematic review. Significant positive effects were reported in terms of mitochondrial quality, density, dynamics, oxidative and antioxidant capacity, even though with different degrees according to the exercise type. The quality assessment reported one good-quality study, whereas the other five studies had a fair quality. DISCUSSION The overall low quality of the studies on this topic indicate that further research is needed. CONCLUSION RT seems to be the most studied physical exercise modality improving mitochondrial density and dynamics, while ET have been related to mitochondrial antioxidant capacity improvements. However, these exercise-induced specific effects should be better explored in older people.
Collapse
|
13
|
Townsend LK, Medak KD, Weber AJ, Dibe H, Shamshoum H, Wright DC. CHOP is Dispensable for Exercise-Induced Increases in GDF15. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:413-422. [PMID: 34913737 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF15) is expressed, and secreted, from a wide range of tissues and serves as a marker of cellular stress. A key transcriptional regulator of this hormone is the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein, CHOP (C/EBP Homologous Protein). Exercise increases GDF15 levels but the underlying mechanisms of this are not known. To test whether CHOP regulates GDF15 during exercise we used various models of altered ER stress. We examined the effects of acute exercise on circulating GDF15 and GDF15 mRNA expression in liver, triceps skeletal muscle, and epididymal white adipose tissue and examined the GDF15 response to acute exercise in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice, sedentary and exercise trained mice, and CHOP deficient mice. We found that obesity augments exercise-induced circulating GDF15 although ER stress markers were similar in lean and obese mice. Exercise-induced GDF15 was increased in trained and sedentary mice that ran at the same relative exercise intensity, despite trained mice being protected against increased markers of ER stress. Finally, exercise-induced increases in GDF15 at the tissue and whole-body level were intact in CHOP deficient mice. Together, these results provide evidence that exercise-induced GDF15 expression and secretion occurs independent of ER stress/CHOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa J Weber
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hana Dibe
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hesham Shamshoum
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nouri H, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Moloudi MR. Changes in UPR-PERK pathway and muscle hypertrophy following resistance training and creatine supplementation in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:331-339. [PMID: 33635524 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a pivotal role in some exercise training-induced physiological adaptation. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) arm of the UPR and hypertrophy signaling pathway following 8 weeks of resistance training and creatine (Cr) supplementation in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8: untrained + placebo (UN+P), resistance training + placebo (RT+P), untrained + Cr (UN+Cr), and resistance training + Cr (RT+Cr). Trained animals were submitted to the ladder-climbing exercise training 5 days per week for a total of 8 weeks. Cr supplementation groups received creatine diluted with 1.5 ml of 5% dextrose orally. The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle was extracted 48 h after the last training session and used for western blotting. After training period, the RT+Cr and RT+P groups presented a significant increase in phosphorylated and phosphorylated/total ratio hypertrophy indices, phosphorylated and phosphorylated/total ratio PERK pathway proteins, and other downstream proteins of the PERK cascade compared with their untrained counterparts (P < 0.05). The increase in hypertrophy indices were higher but PERK pathway proteins were lower in the RT-Cr group than in the RT+P group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the untrained groups (P > 0.05). Our study suggests that resistance training in addition to Cr supplementation modifies PERK pathway response and improves skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hersh Nouri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aerobic Training Down-Regulates Pentraxin 3 and Pentraxin 3/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ratio, Irrespective of Oxidative Stress Response, in Elderly Subjects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020110. [PMID: 32012711 PMCID: PMC7070734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-mediated cellular aging has been linked to diseases such as atherothrombosis and cancer. Although pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with aging-related diseases via TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory effects, its relationship with oxidative stress in aging remains to be elucidated. Exercise is proposed as the key intervention for health maintenance in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the association of PTX3 levels with changes in oxidative stress in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), following aerobic training in elderly adults. Nine trained and five controls participated in an eight-week aerobic training protocol. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were used to determine PTX3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)] in plasma and/or PBMCs. Results showed a down-regulation of PTX3 expression in PBMCs following aerobic training, along with decreased PTX3/TLR4 ratios. Oxidative stress responses in PBMCs remained unchanged with the exercise protocol. Comparable levels of plasma PTX3 and oxidative stress biomarkers were observed in trained vs. control groups. No correlation was found between PTX3 and any oxidative stress biomarkers following training. These findings demonstrated the down-regulation of PTX3 and PTX3/TLR4 ratio, irrespective of oxidative stress response, in elderly adults following eight weeks of aerobic training.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu NN, Tian H, Chen P, Wang D, Ren J, Zhang Y. Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111436. [PMID: 31739509 PMCID: PMC6912418 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial function, and body fat composition. With the ever-rising prevalence of obesity and other types of metabolic diseases, as well as sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise of moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit cardiovascular health and reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre of favorable responses in the cardiovascular system such as improved dynamics of the cardiovascular system, reduced prevalence of coronary heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, and autonomic regulation. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has indicated an emerging role for autophagy, a conservative catabolism process to degrade and recycle cellular organelles and nutrients, in exercise training-offered cardiovascular benefits. Regular physical exercise as a unique form of physiological stress is capable of triggering adaptation while autophagy in particular selective autophagy seems to be permissive to such cardiovascular adaptation. Here in this mini-review, we will summarize the role for autophagy in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy namely mitophagy in the benefit versus risk of physical exercise on cardiovascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ne N. Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|