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Morais JE, Kilit B, Arslan E, Soylu Y, Neiva HP. Effects of a 6-week on-court training program on the International Tennis Number (ITN) and a range of physical fitness characteristics in young tennis players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1304073. [PMID: 38873230 PMCID: PMC11169729 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1304073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to (i) verify the effects of an on-court training program on the International Tennis Number (ITN) of young tennis players, as well as on a set of change of direction, linear sprint, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) variables, and (ii) identify the main predictors of ITN. The sample consisted of 20 young male tennis players (mean age, 13.62 ± 0.23 years). Players underwent a 6-week on-court training program. The ITN and a number of change of direction variables (T-drill and repeated sprint ability), linear sprint (5 m, 10 m, and 20 m distances), and VO2max were measured. All variables improved significantly between the pre- and posttest (p < 0.001). The ITN (7.98 ± 6.06%, d = 0.82) and VO2max (6.77 ± 1.21%, d = 1.53) showed the greatest relative improvement with moderate to large effect sizes. The hierarchical linear model retained the time (estimate = 18.90, p < 0.001) and the T-drill (estimate = -64.77, p < 0.001) as significant predictors of the ITN. This indicates that the ITN improved significantly over the 6-week training program and that the T-drill test was the best and most significant predictor. Coaches and researchers are encouraged to monitor the ITN along with other physical fitness and technical variables. They can also use the T-drill test to understand the ITN of their players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Morais
- Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Bulent Kilit
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ersan Arslan
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Soylu
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
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Casimiro-Artés MÁ, Hileno R, Garcia-de-Alcaraz A. Applying Unsupervised Machine Learning Models to Identify Serve Performance Related Indicators in Women's Volleyball. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:47-53. [PMID: 36648412 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2142494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In volleyball, the effect of different factors on serve performance has usually been analyzed with traditional statistical techniques such as logistic regression or discriminant analysis. Purpose: In this study, two of the main models used in unsupervised machine learning (cluster and principal component analysis) were applied to achieve these objectives: (a) to create groups of players considering their serve coefficient, age, height, and team ranking, and (b) to identify which variables related to the serve (type and performance), the players (role, age, and height), and the teams (ranking, match location, and quality of opposition) most explained the total variance of the data during an entire women's volleyball season. Method: A total of 20,936 serves were analyzed during the 132 matches played in the 2017-2018 season in the Liga Iberdrola (women Spanish first division). The variables were related to the serving action (type of serve and performance), the players' traits (player role, age, and height), and the teams' characteristics (final ranking, match location, quality of opposition, and tournament). Results: Cluster analysis showed five groups of players differing in age, serve coefficient, team ranking, and height. Principal component analysis showed how the first five components explained 72.12% of the total variance. From these components, serve coefficient, team ranking, match location, quality of opposition, and player role each contributed more than 10%. Conclusions: These findings can help coaches to improve talent selection and players' development according to competition demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Hileno
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Lleida
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Frias Bocanegra JM, Fong DTP. Playing surface traction influences movement strategies during a sidestep cutting task in futsal: implications for ankle performance and sprain injury risk. Sports Biomech 2021; 21:380-390. [PMID: 34581653 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1980606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive laboratory crossover trial study examined the intervention of high friction synthetic vs lower friction natural sport surfaces on the ankle joint biomechanics in a sidestep cutting task. Twenty-nine male futsal players performed 5 trials of sidestep cutting task in a laboratory, recorded by an 18-camera motion capture system to obtain the ankle joint orientation, velocity and moment. Utilised friction was obtained by the peak ratio of the horizontal to vertical ground reaction force during the stance. Repeated measures (MANOVA) suggested a significant effect of the playing surface and post hoc paired t-tests revealed significantly higher utilised coefficient of friction, higher peak plantarflexion angle, lower peak eversion angle, higher peak inversion velocity, lower peak inversion moment and higher peak internal rotation moment. In performing a sidestep cutting task, futsal players demonstrated higher utilised ground friction when available friction from the playing surface was higher, resulting in higher peak inversion velocity and higher peak internal rotation moment, which may make the ankle joint more prone to sprain injury. Floorings for futsal should have an adequate coefficient of friction for agility and avoidance of the risk of slipping. Increasing the coefficient of friction may not only enhance performance but also endanger the ankle joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Frias Bocanegra
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles). SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Tennis ball tracking technology allows the aquirement of novel and reliable data about several performance indicators, such as volley positions. This information is key to understand match dynamics in doubles tennis and to better help preparing players for the demands they will face in match play. As such, the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the different types of volley positions in men’s and women’s doubles professional tennis. (2) Methods: Ball tracking data were collected for 46 women (Billie Jean King Cup) and 96 men’s doubles matches (Davis Cup). The variables used were the distance to the net, the distance to the centre of the court and the height of the impact. A K-Means cluster analysis was used to identify in each subsample different profiles of volley locations. (3) Results: The inferential analysis revealed differences in men’s (distance to the net η2 = 0.72, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.77 and impact height η2 = 0.63) and women’s subsamples (distance to the net η2 = 0.48, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.52 and impact height η2 = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The results allowed the suggestion of a higher variability in men’s matches, as there were seven different clusters identified, and only four in women’s.
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Blanch A, Solé S. Performance in male and female elite tennis across season of birth. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:851-857. [PMID: 33771059 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1896532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the field of sports, there is an overrepresentation of athletes born in the initial months of the selection year, and an underrepresentation of athletes born in the latter months of the selection year. This season of birth effect appears to lead to a disadvantage in performance, even though with a considerable variability regarding age, sex, and skill. This study addressed season of birth effects on performance with the best one hundred male and female tennis players in the world. Specifically, we examined whether season of birth moderates the association of body height and ranking position with tennis performance. The main findings indicated that body height and rank associated in the expected direction with first service wins, break points saved, and a success rate describing the ratio of match wins to match defeats. For females born later in the selection year, however, height was unrelated to the percentage of first service wins or break points saved, and occupying higher positions in the ranking did not contribute to improve the ratio of wins to defeats. These findings suggest that season of birth effects on performance might operate for women but not for men when comparing highly selected populations such as the best tennis players in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Blanch
- Department of Psychology, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Silvia Solé
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Abstract
The study analysed the set-to-set variation in performance using match statistics of 146 completed main-draw matches in Australian Open and US Open 2016-2017 men’s singles. Comparisons of technical-tactical and physical performance variables were done between different sets; and the within-match coefficients of variation (CV) of these variables were contrasted between match winning and losing players. All comparisons were realized via standardized (Cohen’s d) mean differences and uncertainty in the true differences was assessed using non-clinical magnitude-based inferences. Results showed that there was possibly to very likely decreases in the serve, net and running related variables (mean difference, ±90%CL: -0.16, ±0.14 to -0.45, ±0.24, small) and an increase in the return and winner related variables (0.17, ±0.24 to 0.24, ±0.14, small) in the last sets when compared to the initial sets, indicating the influence of match fatigue and the player’s choice of match tactics and pacing strategy. Besides, winning players were revealed to have lower CV values in most of performance variables (-0.16, ±0.24 to -0.82, ±0.23, small to moderate) except for the second serve, winner, and physical performance variables (0.25, ±0.26 to 1.6, ±0.25, small to large), indicating that they would sacrifice the consistency to gain more aggressiveness and to dominate the match.
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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Gómez MÁ, Wei R, Liu Y. Effect of a Seeding System on Competitive Performance of Elite Players During Major Tennis Tournaments. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1294. [PMID: 32670155 PMCID: PMC7332749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of professional tennis players in the four major Grand Slam tournaments has always been an important research topic, which advances the understanding of the current development of tennis. However, there is little known about the difference between higher-ranked and lower-ranked players considering match performance statistics. The study was aimed to explore the technical, tactical, and physical performance indicators that best discriminate seeded and non-seeded male players in Grand Slams. A total of 549 matches played by 189 individual players during 2015–2017 Grand Slam men’s singles were sampled, with corresponding match statistics gathered for each player observation, concerning players’ serving, returning, net point, break point, efficiency, and physical performance. The results showed that the seeded players outperformed the non-seeded players in serve and return, break point, net point, and efficiency-related indicators, while the following indicators contributed most to the separation of two player categories: serve and return of serve points won (%), ace (%), peak serve speed, net points won (%), break point per return game, break point saved, winner and unforced error ratio, and dominance ratio. The research findings evidenced the decreased competitive balance in men’s competition during Grand Slams due to a rank-based seeding system, whereas coaches could use the information to fine-tune the training benchmarks and match planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Cui
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ran Wei
- College of Education and Human Development, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- Department of Human Performance and Health Education, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Söğüt M. Height- and surface-related variations in match-play outcomes and rankings in professional men’s tennis. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-019-00612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gong B, Cui Y, Gai Y, Yi Q, Gómez MÁ. The Validity and Reliability of Live Football Match Statistics From Champdas Master Match Analysis System. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1339. [PMID: 31244734 PMCID: PMC6579823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity of match variables and the reliability of Champdas Master System used by trained operators in live association football match. Twenty professional football coaches voluntarily participated in the validation of match variables used in the System. Four well-trained operators divided into two groups that independently analyzed a match of Spanish La Liga. The Aiken’s V averaged at 0.84 ± 0.03 and 0.85 ± 0.03 for the validation of indicators. The high Kappa values (Operator 1: 0.92, 0.90; Operator 2: 0.91, 0.88), high intra-class correlation coefficients (varied from 0.93 to 1.00), and low typical errors (varied from 0.01 to 0.34) between the first and second data collection represented a high level of intra-operator reliability. The Kappa values for the inter-operator reliability of were 0.97 and 0.89. The intra-class correlation coefficients and typical errors ranged from 0.90 to 1.00 and ranged from 0.01 to 0.24 for two independent operators within two data collections. The results suggest that the Champdas Master system can be used validly and reliably to gather live football match statistics by well-trained operators. Therefore, the data obtained by the company can be used by coaches, managers, researchers and performance analysts as valid match statistics from players and teams during their professional tasks and investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Gong
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yixiong Cui
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gai
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qing Yi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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