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Sun Z, Cięszczyk P, Humińska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Yue S. Genetic Determinants of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Sport: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:105-117. [PMID: 37559763 PMCID: PMC10407318 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/163073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACLIs) are one of the most common knee injuries in sports. Although numerous factors have been related to the risk of ACLIs, it is still unclear why some individuals are more susceptible than others due to the intricate etiology of ACLIs. Several genetic factors have been identified as contributing to ACLIs. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence regarding the genetic causes of ACLIs based on the available literature. Five electronic databases were searched from 2017 to 2022. All titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed in detail to determine the inclusions and exclusions. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The studies' characteristics and results are presented in both narrative and tabular formats. A total of 24 studies examined 31 genes and 62 variants associated with ACLIs in the global population. Ten studies investigated seven collagens and ten SNPs for the ACL injury. The majority of studies found no significant difference in the association of the COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, VEGFA rs1570360, IL6R rs2228145, IL6 rs1800795, IL1B rs16944 and rs1143627, however, contrary results were found when nationality and gender were considered together. Conflicting evidence was found for polymorphisms rs2010963, rs699947 of the VEGFA gene in different studies. Due to a lack of data, it was impossible to determine the relationship between the anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) and the other polymorphisms. More research is required to establish a clear relationship between the ACLR and genetic variants, particularly when gender and nationality are taken into account separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Shuqi Yue
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
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Feldmann DC, Rahim M, Suijkerbuijk MAM, Laguette MJN, Cieszczyk P, Ficek K, Huminska-Lisowska K, Häger CK, Stattin E, Nilsson KG, Alvarez-Rumero J, Eynon N, Feller J, Tirosh O, Posthumus M, Chimusa ER, Collins M, September AV. Investigation of multiple populations highlight VEGFA polymorphisms to modulate anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1604-1612. [PMID: 34664319 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in VEGFA and KDR encoding proteins have been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. We leveraged a collective sample from Sweden, Poland, and Australia to investigate the association of functional polymorphisms in VEGFA and KDR with susceptibility to ACL injury risk. Using a case-control genetic association approach, polymorphisms in VEGFA and KDR were genotyped and haplotypes inferred from 765 controls, and 912 cases clinically diagnosed with ACL rupture. For VEGFA, there was a significant overrepresentation of the rs2010963 CC genotype (p = 0.0001, false discovery rate [FDR]: p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-3.19) in the combined ACL group (18%) compared to the combined control group (11%). The VEGFA (rs699947 C/A, rs1570360 G/A, rs2010963 G/C) A-A-G haplotype was significantly (p = 0.010, OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.69-1.05) underrepresented in the combined ACL group (23%) compared to the combined control group (28%). In addition, the A-G-G construct was significantly (p = 0.036, OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.64-1.02) underrepresented in the combined ACL group (12%) compared to the combined CON group (16%). Our findings support the association of the VEGFA rs2010963 CC genotype with increased risk and (ii) the VEGFA A-A-G haplotype with a reduced risk, and are in alignment with the a priori hypothesis. Collectively identifying a genetic interval within VEGFA to be implicated in ACL risk modulation and highlight further the importance of vascular regulation in ligament biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneil C Feldmann
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Masouda Rahim
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mathijs A M Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary-Jessica N Laguette
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paweł Cieszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kinga Huminska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evalena Stattin
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell G Nilsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Javier Alvarez-Rumero
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Feller
- OrthoSport Victoria, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oren Tirosh
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Posthumus
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emile R Chimusa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ribbans WJ, September AV, Collins M. Tendon and Ligament Genetics: How Do They Contribute to Disease and Injury? A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050663. [PMID: 35629331 PMCID: PMC9147569 DOI: 10.3390/life12050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients requiring musculoskeletal management present with tendon and ligament pathology. Our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to such disabilities is increasing. However, the complexity underpinning these interactive multifactorial elements is still not fully characterised. Evidence highlighting the genetic components, either reducing or increasing susceptibility to injury, is increasing. This review examines the present understanding of the role genetic variations contribute to tendon and ligament injury risk. It examines the different elements of tendon and ligament structure and considers our knowledge of genetic influence on form, function, ability to withstand load, and undertake repair or regeneration. The role of epigenetic factors in modifying gene expression in these structures is also explored. It considers the challenges to interpreting present knowledge, the requirements, and likely pathways for future research, and whether such information has reached the point of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ribbans
- School of Health, The University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
- The County Clinic, Northampton NN1 5DB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1604-795414
| | - Alison V. September
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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