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Sarah A, Ownsworth T, Clough B, Neumann DL. Impairments in Physiological Reactivity to Emotive Stimuli After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Skin Conductance and Heart Rate Variability Evidence. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2023; 38:214-230. [PMID: 35862893 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine evidence of impairments in physiological reactivity to emotive stimuli following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS A search of PsychINFO, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), and Scopus databases was conducted from 1991 to June 24, 2021, for studies comparing changes in skin conductance or heart rate variability to emotive stimuli between adults with TBI and controls. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and rated methodological quality. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies examined physiological reactivity to laboratory-based emotive stimuli, which included nonpersonal pictures/videos, posed emotion, stressful events, and personal event recall. Overall, 9 reported evidence that individuals with TBI experience lower physiological reactivity to emotive stimuli compared with healthy controls, although the findings varied according to the type and valence of emotional stimuli and physiological parameter. Most studies using nonpersonal pictures or videos found evidence of lower physiological reactivity in TBI participants compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Based on laboratory-based studies, individuals with TBI may experience lower physiological reactivity to emotive stimuli. Further research is needed to investigate physiological responses to personally relevant emotional stimuli in real-world settings and to understand the interplay between physiological reactivity, subjective experiences, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha Sarah
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia (Ms Sarah and Drs Ownsworth, Clough, and Neumann); and The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Ms Sarah and Dr Ownsworth)
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Mossad SI, Vandewouw MM, de Villa K, Pang EW, Taylor MJ. Characterising the spatial and oscillatory unfolding of Theory of Mind in adults using fMRI and MEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:921347. [PMID: 36204717 PMCID: PMC9530400 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.921347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) is a core social cognitive skill that refers to the ability to attribute mental states to others. ToM involves understanding that others have beliefs, thoughts and desires that may be different from one's own and from reality. ToM is crucial to predict behaviour and navigate social interactions. This study employed the complementary methodological advantages of both functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the neural underpinnings of ToM in adults. Twenty healthy adults were first recruited to rate and describe 28 videos (15s long), each containing three moving shapes designed to depict either social interactions or random motion (control condition). The first sample of adults produced consistent narratives for 6 of those social videos and of those, 4 social videos and 4 control videos were chosen to include in the neuroimaging study. Another sample of twenty-five adults were then recruited to complete the neuroimaging in MEG and fMRI. In fMRI, we found increased activation in frontal-parietal regions in the social compared to the control condition corroborating previous fMRI findings. In MEG, we found recruitment of ToM networks in the social condition in theta, beta and gamma bands. The right supramarginal and angular gyri (right temporal parietal junction), right inferior parietal lobe and right temporal pole were recruited in the first 5s of the videos. Frontal regions such as the superior frontal gyrus were recruited in the second time window (5–10s). Brain regions such as the bilateral amygdalae were also recruited (5–10s), indicating that various social processes were integrated in understanding the social videos. Our study is one of the first to combine multi-modal neuroimaging to examine the neural networks underlying social cognitive processes, combining the strengths of the spatial resolution of fMRI and temporal resolution of MEG. Understanding this information from both modalities helped delineate the mechanism by which ToM processing unfolds over time in healthy adults. This allows us to determine a benchmark against which clinical populations can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I. Mossad
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sarah I. Mossad
| | - Marlee M. Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathrina de Villa
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W. Pang
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margot J. Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Moreau N, Taché E, Champagne-Lavau M. Speaking with virtual humans: Assessing social cognition in traumatic brain injury with a second-person perspective task. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:75-96. [PMID: 34184396 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is one of the first to investigate social cognition in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a task that actively engaged the participant in a real interaction with a partner. Previous results have reported altered social cognition in TBI patients, but social cognition was mostly assessed through traditional tasks involving conscious and deliberate reasoning about characters' mental states (i.e., a third-person perspective). Our goal was to present a new paradigm which allowed the assessment of social cognition in conditions closer to real life meaning that participants were actively engaged in an interaction (i.e., second-person perspective) in order to capture more implicit use of social cognition processes. METHOD This study used three tasks to evaluate social cognition. We designed a task, called EVICog, in which participants were engaged in real audio-visual conversations with two virtual humans who expressed emotions and produced speech content that required the participants to make inferences about the characters' mental states. The two other tasks are standard in the literature; they use photographs to test participants' recognition of emotions and short comic strips to test their attribution of intentions. RESULTS Our results showed that TBI participants presented a significant deficit of social cognition compared to control participants. The ROC analysis showed that EVICog has a high discrimination power compared to the other tests. CONCLUSION These results further confirm that social cognition is altered in TBI participants even in real interactions and further support the use of ecological settings to investigate social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Moreau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, France.,Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Service de Neurologie, Aix-en-Provence, France
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McDonald S, Genova H. The effect of severe traumatic brain injury on social cognition, emotion regulation, and mood. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:235-260. [PMID: 34389120 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides a review of the emotional and psychosocial consequences of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many of the disorders affecting socioemotional function arise from damage to frontotemporal systems, exacerbated by white matter injury. They include disorders of social cognition, such as the ability to recognize emotions in others, the ability to attribute mental states to others, and the ability to experience empathy. Patients with TBI also often have disorders of emotion regulation. Disorders of drive or apathy can manifest across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains. Likewise, disorders of control can lead to dysregulated emotions and behavior. Other disorders, such as loss of self-awareness, are also implicated in poor psychosocial recovery. Finally, this chapter overviews psychiatric disorders associated with TBI, especially anxiety and depression. For each kind of disorder, the nature of the disorder and its prevalence, as well as theoretical considerations and impact on every day functions, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Helen Genova
- Center for Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
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Lin X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhao P, Zhang H, Wang H, Yi Z. Theory of mind in adults with traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:106-118. [PMID: 33359093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of abnormal theory of mind (ToM) performance in adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to characterize ToM performance in adult patients with TBI. Random-effects models were employed to estimate the overall effect size and the differential effect sizes across different ToM aspects. Based on a sample of 28 studies (1031 patients and 865 healthy controls), the meta-analytic findings revealed that ToM was significantly impaired in adult patients with TBI compared to healthy controls (g = -1.13). Besides, patients with TBI showed significant impairments in individual ToM tasks, as well as for different stimulus modes and contents involved in these ToM tasks. A meta-regression indicated a positive association between ToM performance and Glasgow Coma Scale score. The results of the current meta-analysis suggest that the performance in ToM tasks may be a good predictor of functional outcomes in adults with TBI, which is important for the identification of targets for cognitive interventions and the development of useful training intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoGuang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - XueLing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - QinQin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - PanWen Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - HongSheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China.
| | - ZhongQuan Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China.
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Cross-site Reproducibility of Social Deficits in Group-housed BTBR Mice Using Automated Longitudinal Behavioural Monitoring. Neuroscience 2020; 445:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ike KG, de Boer SF, Buwalda B, Kas MJ. Social withdrawal: An initially adaptive behavior that becomes maladaptive when expressed excessively. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:251-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Smith AR, Dodd DR, Ortiz S, Forrest LN, Witte TK. Interoceptive deficits differentiate suicide groups and associate with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a military sample. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:472-489. [PMID: 31743463 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research shows that interoceptive deficits are associated with harmful behaviors such as nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), eating disorder pathology, and suicide attempts. The present study replicates and extends this area of research by examining the association between interoceptive deficits and suicidality in a military sample. METHOD In Study 1, respondents to an online survey (N = 134) answered self-report questionnaires related to interoceptive deficits. Study 2 consisted of a secondary data analysis of 3,764 military service members who had previously completed questionnaires on interoceptive indicators, NSSI, suicide thoughts and attempts, and other psychopathology. RESULTS Study 1 demonstrated that our interoceptive deficits latent variable had adequate psychometric properties. In Study 2, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that scores on the interoceptive deficits latent variable were highest among suicide attempters, lowest among those with no suicide history, and intermediary among participants who had thought about but not attempted suicide. The interoceptive deficits latent variable was more strongly related to NSSI and suicidality than were posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, hopelessness, gender, and age. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm-and extend to a military sample-previous research showing that interoceptive deficits can provide important information about suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Dorian R Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Shelby Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Tracy K Witte
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Gallant C, Good D. Examining the “reading the mind in the eyes test” as an assessment of subtle differences in affective theory of mind after concussion. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:296-317. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1612946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Good
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Sohlberg MM, MacDonald S, Byom L, Iwashita H, Lemoncello R, Meulenbroek P, Ness B, O'Neil-Pirozzi TM. Social communication following traumatic brain injury part I: State-of-the-art review of assessment tools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2019; 21:115-127. [PMID: 30957561 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2019.1583280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this paper was to identify and describe current social communication assessment tools for adults with traumatic brain injury. METHOD We conducted a state-of-the-art review to identify and categorise the range of social communication assessment tools found in the assessment and treatment literature that revealed 42 measures that were coded according to characteristics related to assessment types, psychometrics, and implementation. RESULT Of the 42 assessments, 64% evaluated social cognition and the remaining 36% evaluated communication. Coding of implementation categories revealed that only 18/42 (43%) measures were ecologically grounded and 23/42 (55%) were available to clinicians by purchase or in the public domain. Only three measures incorporated questions or an assessment of the examinee's priorities or concerns. CONCLUSION A number of factors limit current social communication assessment. The lack of tools that objectively and reliably evaluate communication or social cognition in ecologically valid ways remains problematic. Of particular concern is the lack of prioritisation of the individual's communication values and needs. Recommendations include a call to focus research on the development of more contextual, standardised assessments, consider availability and feasibility when tools are being developed, and evaluate assessment processes as well as discrete tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKay Moore Sohlberg
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- b Communication Disorders & Sciences , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
| | - Sheila MacDonald
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- c Sheila MacDonald & Associates , Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Lindsey Byom
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- d Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Department of Allied Health Sciences , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Heidi Iwashita
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- b Communication Disorders & Sciences , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
| | - Rik Lemoncello
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- e School of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Pacific University , Forest Grove , OR , USA
| | - Peter Meulenbroek
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- f Communication Sciences and Disorders , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Bryan Ness
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- g Communication Sciences and Disorders , California Baptist University , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Therese M O'Neil-Pirozzi
- a Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders , Traumatic Brain Injury Writing Committee
- h Communication Sciences and Disorders , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA , and
- i Spaulding-Harvard Traumatic Brain Injury Model System , Boston , MA , USA
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Portnova GV, Atanov MS. EEG of patients in coma after traumatic brain injury reflects physical parameters of auditory stimulation but not its emotional content. Brain Inj 2018; 33:370-376. [PMID: 30521421 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1553310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the origin of EEG response of patients in coma and after moderate TBI to emotional stimulation, whether they distinguish emotional content or only react to the physical features of an audio signal. RESEARCH DESIGN We registered EEG during continuous pleasant and unpleasant non-verbal stimulation and in rest. A total of 69 subjects participated in our study: healthy adults, conscious patients after moderate TBI and patients in coma after severe TBI. We analysed the distances between the stimuli according to EEG data and applied correlation analysis to the distances, acoustic parameters of stimuli, subjects' emotional assessment of the stimuli, GCS score and Doppler ultrasound data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The EEG response to the stimulation in patients in coma mostly reflects the physical parameters of the stimuli, and correlated with Doppler ultrasound data. The EEG of healthy adults reflects their psychological assessment of the stimuli. Patients after moderate TBI differentiate unpleasant stimuli well and pleasant stimuli poorly, they mainly consider pitch to cope with this task like healthy adults do. CONCLUSIONS The reactivity to the acoustic features of emotional stimulation in patients in coma should be investigated further as a marker of patients' recovery. ABBREVIATIONS TBI: traumatic brain injurym; TBI: moderate TBI; MCA: middle cerebral artery; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; M: mean; SD: standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Portnova
- a Human Higher Nervous Activity Lab Moscow , Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS , Moscow , Russia.,b Department of Scientific Activities , Pushkin Institute of Russian Language , Moscow , Russia
| | - Michael S Atanov
- a Human Higher Nervous Activity Lab Moscow , Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS , Moscow , Russia
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Bivona U, Formisano R, Mastrilli L, Zabberoni S, Caltagirone C, Costa A. Theory of Mind after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: Clues for Interpretation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5205642. [PMID: 30069471 PMCID: PMC6057350 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5205642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Recently, increased interest has been shown in Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities of individuals with severe acquired brain injury (sABI). ToM impairment following sABI can be associated with altered executive functioning and/or with difficulty in decoding and elaborating emotions. Two main theoretical models have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying ToM in the general population: Theory Theory and Simulation Theory. This review presents and discusses the literature on ToM abilities in individuals with sABI by examining whether they sustain the applicability of the Theory Theory and/or Simulation Theory to account for ToM deficits in this clinical population. We found 32 papers that are directly aimed at investigating ToM in sABI. Results did not show the univocal predominance of one model with respect to the other in explaining ToM deficits in sABI. We hypothesised that ToM processes could be explained by coinvolvement of the two models, i.e., according to personal experience, cognitive features, or the emotional resources of the persons with sABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Bivona
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - S. Zabberoni
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università telematica Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Caltagirone
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Costa
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università telematica Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
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Assessment and Rehabilitation of Social Cognition Impairment after Brain Injury: Surveying Practices of Clinicians. BRAIN IMPAIR 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the current assessment practices of clinicians working with people with social cognition impairment following traumatic brain injury.Method: Two hundred and sixty clinicians completed an on-line survey that was disseminated through professional brain injury organisations. Of respondents around 90% were allied health clinicians, with the remainder comprising medical, nursing and academia.Main outcomes: The four areas of social cognition that were routinely assessed across the disciplines were insight, disinhibition, anger and social adjustment. The least routinely assessed areas were theory of mind and alexithymia. The test suggested most likely to identify social cognition impairments was The Awareness of Social Inference Test, although only 8% of clinicians responded to this question. Clinicians preferred informal assessment methods over standardised assessment methods for identifying social cognition rehabilitation goals. Higher levels of education were associated with greater use of standardised assessment modalities. Whilst there was paucity of responses overall, TBI Express was most commonly used for social cognition rehabilitation.Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of social cognition impairments in this population, formal assessment is extremely limited. The under-utilisation of assessment tools is problematic for the assessment and rehabilitation initiatives offered to people with TBI. These results have implications for the training of clinicians working in brain injury rehabilitation.
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Francis HM, Osborne-Crowley K, McDonald S. Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to assess social skills in traumatic brain injury: A preliminary study. Brain Inj 2017; 31:336-343. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1250954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Francis
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang D, Pang Y, Cai W, Fazio RL, Ge J, Su Q, Xu S, Pan Y, Chen S, Zhang H. Development and psychometric properties of an informant assessment scale of theory of mind for adults with traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2015; 26:481-501. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Biszak AM, Babbage DR. Facial affect recognition difficulties in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation services. Brain Inj 2013; 28:97-104. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.856475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to physical, neuropsychological, and emotional deficits that interfere with the individual’s capacity to return to his or her former lifestyle. This review focuses on social cognition, that is, the capacity to attend to, recognize and interpret interpersonal cues that guide social behavior. Social cognition entails ‘‘hot’’ processes, that is, emotion perception and emotional empathy and ‘‘cold’’ processes, that is, the ability to infer the beliefs, feelings, and intentions of others (theory of mind: ToM) to see their point of view (cognitive empathy) and what they mean when communicating (pragmatic inference). This review critically examines research attesting to deficits in each of these domains and also examines evidence for theorized mechanisms including specific neural networks, the role of simulation, and non-social cognition. Current research is hampered by small, heterogeneous samples and the inherent complexity of TBI pathology. Nevertheless, there is evidence that facets of social cognition are impaired in this population. New assessment tools to measure social cognition following TBI are required that predict everyday social functioning. In addition, research into remediation needs to be guided by the growing empirical base for understanding social cognition that may yet reveal how deficits dissociate following TBI.
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Scheibel RS, Newsome MR, Wilde EA, McClelland MM, Hanten G, Krawczyk DC, Cook LG, Chu ZD, Vásquez AC, Yallampalli R, Lin X, Hunter JV, Levin HS. Brain activation during a social attribution task in adolescents with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Soc Neurosci 2011; 6:582-98. [PMID: 21777109 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2011.588844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to make accurate judgments about the mental states of others, sometimes referred to as theory of mind (ToM), is often impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and this deficit may contribute to problems with interpersonal relationships. The present study used an animated social attribution task (SAT) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine structures mediating ToM in adolescents with moderate to severe TBI. The study design also included a comparison group of matched, typically developing (TD) adolescents. The TD group exhibited activation within a number of areas that are thought to be relevant to ToM, including the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus, and posterior temporal and parietal areas. The TBI subjects had significant activation within many of these same areas, but their activation was generally more intense and excluded the medial prefrontal cortex. Exploratory regression analyses indicated a negative relation between ToM-related activation and measures of white matter integrity derived from diffusion tensor imaging, while there was also a positive relation between activation and lesion volume. These findings are consistent with alterations in the level and pattern of brain activation that may be due to the combined influence of diffuse axonal injury and focal lesions.
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