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Almeida R, Prata C, Pereira MR, Barbosa F, Ferreira-Santos F. Neuronal Correlates of Empathy: A Systematic Review of Event-Related Potentials Studies in Perceptual Tasks. Brain Sci 2024; 14:504. [PMID: 38790482 PMCID: PMC11119458 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Empathy is a crucial component to infer and understand others' emotions. However, a synthesis of studies regarding empathy and its neuronal correlates in perceptual tasks using event-related potentials (ERPs) has yet to occur. The current systematic review aimed to provide that overview. Upon bibliographic research, 30 studies featuring empathy assessments and at least one perceptual task measuring ERP components in healthy participants were included. Four main focus categories were identified, as follows: Affective Pictures, Facial Stimuli, Mental States, and Social Language. The Late Positive Potential was the most analyzed in Affective Pictures and was reported to be positively correlated with cognitive and affective empathy, along with other late components. In contrast, for Facial Stimuli, early components presented significant correlations with empathy scales. Particularly, the N170 presented negative correlations with cognitive and affective empathy. Finally, augmented N400 was suggested to be associated with higher empathy scores in the Mental States and Social Language categories. These findings highlight the relevance of early perceptual stages of empathic processing and how different EEG/ERP methodologies provide relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.)
| | - Catarina Prata
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.)
| | - Mariana R. Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.)
- GOS Institute of Child Health (UCL, UK), London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.)
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2
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Schulte M, Trujillo N, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Salas N, Ibañez A, Carriedo N, Huepe D. The role of executive functions, social cognition and intelligence in predicting social adaptation of vulnerable populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18693. [PMID: 36333437 PMCID: PMC9636196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the roles of and interactions between cognitive processes that have been shown to exhibit impact from socioeconomic status (SES) and living conditions in predicting social adaptation (SA) in a population of adults living in socially vulnerable conditions. Participants included 226 people between the ages of 18 and 60 who have been living in vulnerable contexts throughout life in Santiago, Chile. Data was collected through a battery of psychological assessments. A structural equation model (SEM) was implemented to examine the interrelationships among cognitive and social variables. Results indicate a significant relationship between executive function (EF) and SA through both social cognition (SC) and intelligence. Theory of Mind (ToM), a component of SC, was shown to exhibit a significant relationship with affective empathy; interestingly, this was negatively related to SA. Moreover, fluid intelligence (FI) was found to exhibit a positive, indirect relationship with SA through crystallized intelligence (CI). Evaluation of these results in the context of research on the impacts of SES and vulnerable living conditions on psychological function may allow for the development of more effective clinical, political, and social interventions to support psychosocial health among socially vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulte
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Trujillo
- Mental Health Group, National Department of Public Health, University of Antioquia, UDEA, calle 62#52-59, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
- Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia-UDEA, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - O A Rodríguez-Villagra
- Institute for Psychological Research, University of Costa Rica, Sabanilla, San José, Costa Rica
- Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - N Salas
- Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - A Ibañez
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) UCSF, San Francisco, USA
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Carriedo
- National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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3
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Trujillo S, Giraldo LS, López JD, Acosta A, Trujillo N. Mental health outcomes in communities exposed to Armed Conflict Experiences. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:127. [PMID: 34452647 PMCID: PMC8394205 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Populations exposed to Armed Conflict Experiences (ACE) show different levels of impact in their mental health (i.e. clinical and positive components); however, there is limited evidence related to mental health of general population (civilians not classified as victims) exposed to ACE. Government guided mental health assessments exclude this population. The use of a newly validated Extreme Experiences Scale (EX2) seems appropriate to classify victims, ex-combatants, and civilians for their mental health assessment.
Methods Here, we propose a novel approach to identify relationships between individuals classified with different levels of ACE exposure—independent of their legal role in the armed conflict, and mental health outcomes. According to the cut-off points derived from the scores of EX2, we classified the sample in low and high exposure to ACE. Results The high-level ACE group (scores > 2.5) included 119 subjects, and the low-level ACE was constituted by 66 subjects. Our results evidence that people with high exposure to ACE experiment higher odds to present anxiety disorders, risk of suicide, or post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as increased cognitive empathy (i.e., fantasy dimension). Conclusion These findings allowed us to identify the influence of ACE on mental health outcomes beyond the conventional frame (victim or ex-combatant), and to discuss effective interventions and implementation of mental health strategies in these communities. We expect to help the health system to focus on key vulnerable subjects by including civilians not recognized as victims, which are neglected from most of the public health screening, assessment, and interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00626-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trujillo
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, calle 62 Nº 52 - 59, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Giraldo
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, calle 62 Nº 52 - 59, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José David López
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alberto Acosta
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Trujillo
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, calle 62 Nº 52 - 59, Medellín, Colombia. .,National School of Public Health, University of Antioquia UdeA, Street 62 No. 52-59, Medellín, Colombia.
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4
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Valencia S, Trujillo N, Trujillo S, Acosta A, Rodríguez M, Ugarriza JE, López JD, García AM, Parra MA. Neurocognitive reorganization of emotional processing following a socio-cognitive intervention in Colombian ex-combatants. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:398-407. [PMID: 32107978 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1735511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ex-combatants often exhibit atypical Emotional Processing (EP) such as reduced emphatic levels and higher aggressive attitudes. Social Cognitive Training (SCT) addressing socio-emotional components powerfully improve social interaction among Colombian ex-combatants. However, with narrow neural evidence, this study offers a new testimony. A sample of 28 ex-combatants from Colombian illegal armed groups took part in this study, split into 15 for SCT and 13 for the conventional program offered by the Governmental Reintegration Route. All of them were assessed before and after the intervention with a protocol that included an EP task synchronized with electroencephalographic recordings. We drew behavioral scores and brain connectivity (Coherency) metrics from task performance. Behavioral scores yielded no significant effects. Increased post-intervention connectivity in the delta band was observed during negative emotional processing only SCT group. Positive emotions exposed distinctive gamma band connectivity that differentiate groups. These results suggest that SCT can trigger covert neurofunctional reorganization in ex-combatants embarked on the reintegration process even when overt behavioral improvements are not yet apparent. Such covert functional changes may be the neural signature of compensatory mechanisms necessary to reshape behaviors adaptively. This novel framework may inspire cutting-edge translational research at the crossing of neuroscience, sociology, and public policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Valencia
- Grupo De Investigación En Salud Mental, Facultad Nacional De Salud Pública, Universidad De Antioquia UdeA , Medellín, Colombia.,Corporación Académica De Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Universidad De Antioquia UdeA , Medellín, Colombia
| | - N Trujillo
- Grupo De Investigación En Salud Mental, Facultad Nacional De Salud Pública, Universidad De Antioquia UdeA , Medellín, Colombia
| | - S Trujillo
- Doctoral Program in Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - A Acosta
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Physiology of Behavior, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez
- SISTEMIC, Facultad De Ingeniería, Universidad De Antioquia UdeA , Medellín, Colombia
| | - J E Ugarriza
- Facultad De Jurisprudencia, Universidad Del Rosario , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J D López
- SISTEMIC, Facultad De Ingeniería, Universidad De Antioquia UdeA , Medellín, Colombia
| | - A M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council CONICET , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo UNCuyo , Mendoza, Argentina.,Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - M A Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
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5
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Yan Z, Hong S, Liu F, Su Y. A meta‐analysis of the relationship between empathy and executive function. Psych J 2019; 9:34-43. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking University Beijing China
| | - Skylar Hong
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking University Beijing China
| | - Fuli Liu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking University Beijing China
| | - Yanjie Su
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking University Beijing China
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7
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Ibáñez A, García AM, Esteves S, Yoris A, Muñoz E, Reynaldo L, Pietto ML, Adolfi F, Manes F. Social neuroscience: undoing the schism between neurology and psychiatry. Soc Neurosci 2018; 13:1-39. [PMID: 27707008 PMCID: PMC11177280 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1245214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple disorders once jointly conceived as "nervous diseases" became segregated by the distinct institutional traditions forged in neurology and psychiatry. As a result, each field specialized in the study and treatment of a subset of such conditions. Here we propose new avenues for interdisciplinary interaction through a triangulation of both fields with social neuroscience. To this end, we review evidence from five relevant domains (facial emotion recognition, empathy, theory of mind, moral cognition, and social context assessment), highlighting their common disturbances across neurological and psychiatric conditions and discussing their multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Our proposal is anchored in multidimensional evidence, including behavioral, neurocognitive, and genetic findings. From a clinical perspective, this work paves the way for dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches, new pharmacological treatments, and educational innovations rooted in a combined neuropsychiatric training. Research-wise, it fosters new models of the social brain and a novel platform to explore the interplay of cognitive and social functions. Finally, we identify new challenges for this synergistic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ibáñez
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- c Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Santiago de Chile , Chile
- d Universidad Autónoma del Caribe , Barranquilla , Colombia
- e Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Australian Research Council (ACR) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Adolfo M García
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- f Faculty of Elementary and Special Education (FEEyE) , National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo) , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Sol Esteves
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Adrián Yoris
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Edinson Muñoz
- g Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Lucila Reynaldo
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Federico Adolfi
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- e Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Australian Research Council (ACR) , Sydney , Australia
- i Department of Experimental Psychology , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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8
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Trujillo SP, Valencia S, Trujillo N, Ugarriza JE, Rodríguez MV, Rendón J, Pineda DA, López JD, Ibañez A, Parra MA. Atypical Modulations of N170 Component during Emotional Processing and Their Links to Social Behaviors in Ex-combatants. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:244. [PMID: 28588462 PMCID: PMC5440593 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional processing (EP) is crucial for the elaboration and implementation of adaptive social strategies. EP is also necessary for the expression of social cognition and behavior (SCB) patterns. It is well-known that war contexts induce socio-emotional atypical functioning, in particular for those who participate in combats. Thus, ex-combatants represent an ideal non-clinical population to explore EP modulation and to evaluate its relation with SCB. The aim of this study was to explore EP and its relation with SCB dimensions such as empathy, theory of mind and social skills in a sample of 50 subjects, of which 30 were ex-combatants from illegally armed groups in Colombia, and 20 controls without combat experience. We adapted an Emotional Recognition Task for faces and words and synchronized it with electroencephalographic recording. Ex-combatants presented with higher assertion skills and showed more pronounced brain responses to faces than Controls. They did not show the bias toward anger observed in control participants whereby the latter group was more likely to misclassify neutral faces as angry. However, ex-combatants showed an atypical word valence processing. That is, words with different emotions yielded no differences in N170 modulations. SCB variables were successfully predicted by neurocognitive variables. Our results suggest that in ex-combatants the links between EP and SCB functions are reorganized. This may reflect neurocognitive modulations associated to chronic exposure to war experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Trujillo
- Doctoral Program in Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain.,GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Stella Valencia
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Trujillo
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan E Ugarriza
- Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica V Rodríguez
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Rendón
- Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Neuropsychology and Behavior Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - David A Pineda
- Neuropsychology and Behavior Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - José D López
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiago, Chile.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,ACR Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Mario A Parra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia.,Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, United Kingdom
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9
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Trujillo S, Trujillo N, Lopez JD, Gomez D, Valencia S, Rendon J, Pineda DA, Parra MA. Social Cognitive Training Improves Emotional Processing and Reduces Aggressive Attitudes in Ex-combatants. Front Psychol 2017; 8:510. [PMID: 28428767 PMCID: PMC5382221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional processing (EP) is a complex cognitive function necessary to successfully adjust to social environments where we need to interpret and respond to cues that convey threat or reward signals. Ex-combatants have consistently shown atypical EP as well as poor social interactions. Available reintegration programs aim to facilitate the re-adaptation of ex-combatants to their communities. However, they do not incorporate actions to improve EP and to enhance cognitive-emotional regulation. The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of an intervention focused on Social Cognitive Training (SCT), which was designed to equip ex-combatants enrolled in the Social Reintegration Route with EP and social cognition skills. A group of 31 ex-combatants (mean age of 37.2, 29 men) from Colombian illegal armed groups were recruited into this study. Of these, 16 were invited to take part in a SCT and the other continued with the conventional reintegration intervention. Both groups underwent 12 training sessions in a period 12–14 weeks. They were assessed with a comprehensive protocol which included Psychosocial, Behavioral, and Emotion Processing instruments. The scores on these instruments prior to and after the intervention were compared within and between groups. Both groups were matched at baseline. Ex-combatants receiving the SCT experienced significant improvements in EP and a reduction in aggressive attitudes, effects not observed in those continuing the conventional reintegration intervention. This is the first study that achieves such outcomes in such a population using SCT intervention. We discuss the implications of such results toward better social reintegration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trujillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín, Colombia.,Doctoral Program in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Universidad de GranadaGranada, España.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Natalia Trujillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellin, Colombia
| | - Jose D Lopez
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Gomez
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín, Colombia
| | - Stella Valencia
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Rendon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - David A Pineda
- Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellin, Colombia
| | - Mario A Parra
- School of Social Sciences, Psychology, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, UK.,Cerebro, Cognición y Procesos Sociales, Psicologia, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia
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10
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Tobón C, Aguirre-Acevedo DC, Velilla L, Duque J, Ramos CP, Pineda D. [Psychiatric, Cognitive and Emotional Profile in Ex-combatants of Illegal Armed Groups in Colombia]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016; 45:28-36. [PMID: 26896402 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to armed conflict produces biological adaptations oriented to handle the highly stressful conditions in war environments. The special features of The Colombian armed create a special scenario to evaluate the human behavior. OBJECTIVE In this study, psychiatric, cognitive and emotional processing characteristics of a group of Colombian armed illegal forces of ex-combatants are described. METHODS Sixty-three ex combatants and 22 controls were assessed with WAIS (IQ), INECO frontal screening (executive functions), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy), emotional features recognition and MINI (psychiatric profile). RESULTS When compared to the control group, ex-combatants showed higher frequency of antisocial personality disorder (P=.031) and behavioral dissocial disorder (P=.017). In cognitive profile, the ex-combatants showed a lower score in the executive function test (Me=18.50; RQ=4.00), control (Me=23.00; RQ=5.25), with a poor personal distress in emphatic profile (Me=10.00; RQ=5.00) compared to control group (Me=37.00; RQ=7.25). CONCLUSIONS We found differences in cognitive and psychiatric profile in ex-combatants in comparison with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tobón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Lina Velilla
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jon Duque
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Bioinstrumentación en Ingeniería Clínica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Ramos
- Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Pineda
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Medellín, Colombia.
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