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Liu Y, Tan Y, Huang J, Wu C, Fan X, Stalin A, Lu S, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Wu Z, Li B, Huang Z, Chen M, Cheng G, Mou Y, Wu J. Revealing the Mechanism of Huazhi Rougan Granule in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Through Intestinal Flora Based on 16S rRNA, Metagenomic Sequencing and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875700. [PMID: 35559233 PMCID: PMC9086680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) is increasing year by year, growing evidence suggests that the intestinal flora plays a causative role in NAFL. Huazhi Rougan Granule (HRG) is commonly used in the clinical treatment of NAFL. It is reported that it can reduce lipids and protect the liver, but no research has confirmed whether the drug's effect is related to the intestinal flora. Therefore, we investigated whether the effect of HRG is related to the regulation of intestinal flora to further explore the mechanism of HRG in the treatment of NAFL through intestinal flora. Methods: In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the high-fat diet plus HRG or polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules were each administered by gavage for 4 weeks. High-throughput sequencing, network pharmacology, and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanism of HRG in the treatment of NAFL through intestinal flora. Results: HRG treatment can reduce body weight gain, lipid accumulation in liver and lipogenesis and reduce serum biochemical indexes in high-fat-fed mice. Analysis of intestinal flora showed that HRG changed the composition of intestinal flora, which was characterized by a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Moreover, the species distribution was significantly correlated with AKP, HDL-C, and TG. Metagenetic analysis showed that HRG altered the functional composition and functional diversity of microorganisms, which was mainly characterized by an increase in the abundance of metabolic pathways. The network pharmacology results show that the mechanism of HRG in the treatment of NAFL through intestinal flora is mainly reflected in the biological process of gene function and related to infectious diseases, immune systems, and signal transduction pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chagas disease, IL-17 signaling pathway and other signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that HRG may alleviate NAFL by preventing IFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Yanfang Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Cansanção K, Citelli M, Carvalho Leite N, López de las Hazas MC, Dávalos A, Tavares do Carmo MDG, Peres WAF. Impact of Long-Term Supplementation with Fish Oil in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113372. [PMID: 33147705 PMCID: PMC7693661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease affecting up to 25% of the population worldwide. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been associated with improved clinical parameters of NAFLD. Our purpose was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study performed on NAFLD individuals diagnosed by ultrasound. Patients received n-3 PUFA (n = 13) or placebo (n = 11) supplementation for six months. Circulating miR-122 expression (determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), liver fibrosis (FibroScan®), red blood cells (RBC) fatty acids (gas chromatography), and biochemical tests were performed at baseline and after intervention. After the intervention, in the n-3 PUFA group, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega index increased significantly in RBC (p = 0.022 and p = 0.012, respectively), in addition to a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p = 0.002) and liver fibrosis (p = 0.039). However, there was no change in the expression of circulating miR-122 in both groups. Our results showed that omega-3 PUFA were incorporated in erythrocytes after six months of fish oil supplementary intake, and that n-3 PUFA were effective in reducing ALP and liver fibrosis without altering the expression of circulating miR-122 in individuals with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Cansanção
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil; (K.C.); (M.d.G.T.d.C.)
| | - Marta Citelli
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20559-900, Brazil;
| | - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, School of Medicine of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil;
| | - María-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M-C.L.d.l.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M-C.L.d.l.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares do Carmo
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil; (K.C.); (M.d.G.T.d.C.)
| | - Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil; (K.C.); (M.d.G.T.d.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-393864-32
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Ye Y, Zhao X, Tu C, Li Q, Zeng Y. Elevated Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and the Risk of Low Responsiveness to Clopidogrel. Int Heart J 2020; 61:1135-1141. [PMID: 33116024 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serve as independent predictors of stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our study aims at investigating the relationship between the serum ALP and the responsiveness to clopidogrel. Patients undergoing elective PCI were enrolled for the study, and all participants received a 300-mg clopidogrel loading dose. The responsiveness to clopidogrel was determined by thromboelastography (TEG), and low responsiveness to clopidogrel was defined based on two aspects: (1) adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -induced platelet-fibrin clot strength (MAADP) of > 47 mm and (2) ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate of < 50%. A logistic regression model analysis was used to calculate the risks of responsiveness to clopidogrel as odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 809 patients were considered for the study. They were divided into four quartile groups based on the serum ALP levels. A positive linear trend was observed in MAADP across the ALP quartiles (P for linear trend < 0.001), whereas ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate decreased across the ALP quartiles (P for linear trend = 0.007). When multiple confounders were adjusted, the highest ALP quartile correlated with an increased risk of low responsiveness to clopidogrel compared to the lowest ALP quartile (OR, 1.423; 95% CI, 1.017-1.991; P = 0.039). In the sensitivity analysis, the association remained significant for different definitions of low responsiveness to clopidogrel. The elevated serum levels of ALP are independently associated with an increased risk of low responsiveness to clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Ye
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiliang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Chenchen Tu
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Quan Li
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Yong Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Lew LC, Hor YY, Jaafar MH, Lau ASY, Lee BK, Chuah LO, Yap KP, Azlan A, Azzam G, Choi SB, Liong MT. Lactobacillus Strains Alleviated Hyperlipidemia and Liver Steatosis in Aging Rats via Activation of AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165872. [PMID: 32824277 PMCID: PMC7461503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that different strains of Lactobacillus can alleviate hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis via activation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that is involved in cellular energy homeostasis, in aged rats. Male rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with D-galactose daily over 12 weeks to induce aging. Treatments included (n = 6) (i) normal diet (ND), (ii) HFD, (iii) HFD-statin (lovastatin 2 mg/kg/day), (iv) HFD-Lactobacillus fermentum DR9 (10 log CFU/day), (v) HFD-Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 (10 log CFU/day), and (vi) HFD-Lactobacillus reuteri 8513d (10 log CFU/day). Rats administered with statin, DR9, and 8513d reduced serum total cholesterol levels after eight weeks (p < 0.05), while the administration of DR7 reduced serum triglycerides level after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) as compared to the HFD control. A more prominent effect was observed from the administration of DR7, where positive effects were observed, ranging from hepatic gene expressions to liver histology as compared to the control (p < 0.05); downregulation of hepatic lipid synthesis and β-oxidation gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), upregulation of hepatic sterol excretion genes of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5 and 8 (ABCG5 and ABCG8), lesser degree of liver steatosis, and upregulation of hepatic energy metabolisms genes AMPKα1 and AMPKα2. Taken altogether, this study illustrated that the administration of selected Lactobacillus strains led to improved lipid profiles via activation of energy and lipid metabolisms, suggesting the potentials of Lactobacillus as a promising natural intervention for alleviation of cardiovascular and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ching Lew
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad-Hafis Jaafar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Amy-Sie-Yik Lau
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
| | - Boon-Kiat Lee
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
| | - Li-Oon Chuah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
| | - Kien-Pong Yap
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Azali Azlan
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Ghows Azzam
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Sy-Bing Choi
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, MARDI Complex, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.-B.C.); (M.-T.L.); Tel.: +603-89418646 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-2114 (M.-T.L.); Fax: +603-894107661 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-6375 (M.-T.L.)
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.-B.C.); (M.-T.L.); Tel.: +603-89418646 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-2114 (M.-T.L.); Fax: +603-894107661 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-6375 (M.-T.L.)
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