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Sacco M, Gesualdo M, Staiano MT, Dall'Amico E, Caronna S, Dibitetto S, Canalis C, Caneglias A, Mediati F, Stasio RC, Gaia S, Saracco GM, Bruno M, De Angelis CG. Direct Single-Operator Cholangioscopy and Intraductal Ultrasonography in Patients with Indeterminate Biliary Strictures: A Single Center Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1316. [PMID: 39001208 PMCID: PMC11240807 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of biliary strictures poses a challenge due to the low sensitivity of standard diagnostic approaches, but the advent of direct single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) has revolutionized this paradigm. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of DSOC and DSOC-targeted biopsies, intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), and standard brush cytology in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures (IBS). We reviewed patients who underwent advanced diagnostic evaluation for IBS at our endoscopy unit from January 2018 to December 2022, all of whom had previously undergone at least one endoscopic attempt to characterize the biliary stricture. Final diagnoses were established based on surgical pathology and/or clinical and radiological follow-up spanning at least 12 months. A total of 57 patients, with a mean age of 67.2 ± 10.0 years, were included, with a mean follow-up of 18.2 ± 18.1 months. The majority of IBS were located in the distal common bile duct (45.6%), with malignancy confirmed in 35 patients (61.4%). DSOC and IDUS demonstrated significantly higher accuracies (89.5% and 82.7%, respectively) compared to standard cytology (61.5%, p < 0.05). Both DSOC visualization and IDUS exhibited optimal diagnostic yields in differentiating IBS with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sacco
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marcantonio Gesualdo
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Section of Gastroenterology II, National Institute of Research IRCCS "Saverio De Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Staiano
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dall'Amico
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Caronna
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Dibitetto
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Canalis
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caneglias
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Mediati
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Claudia Stasio
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Gaia
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Bruno
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Giovanni De Angelis
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Pallio S, Sinagra E, Santagati A, D'Amore F, Pompei G, Conoscenti G, Romeo F, Borina E, Melita G, Rossi F, Maida M, Alloro R, Tarantino I, Raimondo D. Use of catheter-based cholangioscopy in the diagnosis of indeterminate stenosis: a multicenter experience. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2024; 70:29-35. [PMID: 35262304 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.02889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct bile ducts visualization through cholangioscopy has gained popularity due to its better diagnostic accuracy than a standard ERCP in indeterminate biliary stricture. METHODS We aimed to review our catheter-based cholangioscopy interventions in patients with indeterminate biliary stenosis, using the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System (SDVS) and summarize our experience in terms of procedures and results. We collected 25 consecutive patients with indeterminate biliary stricture over 3 years. RESULTS The overall procedural success in our cohort amounted to 96% (24/25). If we focus on the diagnostic procedures, the ability to merely visualize the region of interest/lesion and perform biopsy of the lesion was possible in 96% (24/25) In our cohort localization in the common bile duct (P=0.03; 95% CI: 0.27-0.96) was found as positive determining factor for diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for visual diagnosis by SDVS in our cohort were 100, 83.3 and 96%, respectively. The use of biopsy or obtaining a histological diagnosis to assist in identifying patients with malignant stenosis, to exclude malignancy and to correctly classify diagnosed patients resulted in a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 73% with an overall accuracy of 94.4%. Only a mild adverse event (cholangitis, treated conservatively) occurred. CONCLUSIONS Today, the SDVS should be considered essential in diagnosing indeterminate biliary strictures, since the procedure is associated with high procedural success in terms of diagnostic accuracy, alters clinical outcome in over 80% of considered insolvable cases, with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Socrate Pallio
- Unit of Endoscopy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Unit of Endoscopy, G. Giglio Institute Foundation, Cefalù, Palermo, Italy -
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fabio D'Amore
- Unit of Endoscopy, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pompei
- Unit of Pathology, G. Giglio Institute Foundation, Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Romeo
- Unit of Endoscopy, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Borina
- Unit of Endoscopy, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppinella Melita
- Unit of Endoscopy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Unit of Endoscopy, G. Giglio Institute Foundation, Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Maida
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Rita Alloro
- Emergency Unit, G. Giglio Institute Foundation, Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarantino
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Highly Specialized Therapies), Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Raimondo
- Unit of Endoscopy, G. Giglio Institute Foundation, Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
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Kumar D, Dayal VM, Jha SK, Jha AK, Kumar RK. A Randomized Comparative Study of the Use of Individual Modality and Combination of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and Digital Single-Operator Cholangioscopy (DSOC) for Diagnosis of Indeterminate Biliary Strictures. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38525391 PMCID: PMC10958731 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_220_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the superiority of the combination of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) in the same sitting over the individual modality alone in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures. Materials and Methods A randomized study enrolled 60 adult patients with biliary strictures who were randomized into two groups: ERCP + DSOC and ERCP/DSOC. Histopathologic or cytologic assessment was performed in terms of benign, indeterminate, or malignant nature of the strictures. Procedural adverse events were documented. Accuracy in terms of sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and predictive value [positive (PPV) and negative (NPV)] were noted. Results As per final diagnosis, in ERCP/DSOC group, there were 12 (40%) benign cases and 18 (60%) malignant cases, and in group ERCP + DSOC, there were 8 (26.67%) benign cases and 22 (73.33%) malignant cases. ERCP/DSOC labeled 16 (53.33%) patients as benign, 8 (26.67%) as malignant, and 6 (20%) as indeterminate, while ERCP + DSOC labeled 8 (26.67%) as benign, 17 (56.67%) as malignant, and 5 (16.67%) as indeterminate. The Sn, Sp, PPV, and NPV of ERCP/DSOC were 44.4%, 75%, 100%, and 56.25%, and for ERCP + DSOC was 77.27%, 62.50%, 100%, and 62.5%, respectively (P = 0.033). Side effects were statistically similar in both the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion To conclude, the combination of ERCP with DSOC is safe and effective with higher diagnostic sensitivity (77.27%) in comparison to standard ERCP or DSOC alone (44.4%) for the diagnosis of biliary strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Sanjeev K. Jha
- Department of Gastroenterology IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ashish K. Jha
- Department of Gastroenterology IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ravi K. Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
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De Angelis CG, Dall’Amico E, Staiano MT, Gesualdo M, Bruno M, Gaia S, Sacco M, Fimiano F, Mauriello A, Dibitetto S, Canalis C, Stasio RC, Caneglias A, Mediati F, Rocca R. The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound Connection: Unity Is Strength, or the Endoscopic Ultrasonography Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Concept. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3265. [PMID: 37892086 PMCID: PMC10606726 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are both crucial for the endoscopic management of biliopancreatic diseases: the combination of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is useful in many clinical scenarios, such as indeterminate biliary stenosis, biliary stones, chronic pancreatitis and biliary and pancreatic malignancies. This natural and evident convergence between EUS and ERCP, which by 2006 we were calling the "Endoscopic ultrasonography retrograde colangiopancreatography (EURCP) concept", has become a hot topic in the last years, together with the implementation of the therapeutic possibilities of EUS (from EUS-guided necrosectomy to gastro-entero anastomoses) and with the return of ERCP to its original diagnostic purpose thanks to ancillary techniques (extraductal ultrasound (EDUS), intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), cholangiopancreatoscopy with biopsies and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE)). In this literary review, we retraced the recent history of EUS and ERCP, reported examples of the clinical applicability of the EURCP concept and explored the option of performing the two procedures in only one endoscopic session, with its positive implications for the patient, the endoscopist and the health care system. In the last few years, we also evaluated the possibility of combining EUS and ERCP into a single endoscopic instrument in a single step, but certain obstacles surrounding this approach remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giovanni De Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Eleonora Dall’Amico
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Staiano
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Marcantonio Gesualdo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Bruno
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Silvia Gaia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Marco Sacco
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Federica Fimiano
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Anna Mauriello
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Simone Dibitetto
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Chiara Canalis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Rosa Claudia Stasio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Caneglias
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Federica Mediati
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Rodolfo Rocca
- Gastroenterology Department, Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy
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Xiong Z, Wang K, Zhang H, Fang Y, Li F, Huang J. Improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures: a multi-center retrospective study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13152. [PMID: 37573370 PMCID: PMC10423265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies for indeterminate biliary strictures (IBDS). A multi-center retrospective study was performed. Patients with IBDS who underwent digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) and improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies procedures were included. The individual sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were analyzed. A total of 67 patients were enrolled in this multi-center retrospective study. The DSOC and improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies procedures were successfully performed in all cases (100%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were 83.3%, 89.5%, and 85.1% for DSOC visual impression; 95.8%, 94.7%, and 95.5% for improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies procedures, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies were significantly higher compared with DSOC visual impression. Four patients (6.0%, 4/67) occurred adverse events after the procedures. Improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies had a high diagnostic accuracy of IBDS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kuangjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Ma Anshan, Ma Anshan, China
| | - Huahui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengdong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.
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Ahlawat S, Al-Kawas FH. ERCP in the evaluation of biliary strictures: Tissue is the issue! Is FISH the answer? Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:893-895. [PMID: 35282880 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Ahlawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Firas H Al-Kawas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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Biliary Tree Diagnostics: Advances in Endoscopic Imaging and Tissue Sampling. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58010135. [PMID: 35056443 PMCID: PMC8781810 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic approach to the biliary tree disorders can be challenging, especially for biliary strictures. Albeit the great diagnostic impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) which allows one to obtain fluoroscopic imaging and tissue sampling through brush cytology and/or forceps biopsy, a considerable proportion of cases remain indeterminate, leading to the risk of under/over treated patients. In the last two decades, several endoscopic techniques have been introduced in clinical practice, shrinking cases of uncertainties and improving diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this review is to discuss recent advances and emerging technologies applied to the management of biliary tree disorders through peroral endoscopy procedures.
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Wang GX, Ge XD, Zhang D, Chen HL, Zhang QC, Wen L. MRCP Combined With CT Promotes the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Distal Bile Duct Strictures. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683869. [PMID: 34595106 PMCID: PMC8476806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) can promote the identification of malignant and benign distal biliary strictures (DBSs) compared to the use of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) alone and to identify imaging findings of malignant DBSs. Materials and Methods A total of 168 consecutive patients with confirmed DBSs were reviewed. MRCP alone and MRCP combined with CT images were blindly analyzed by two radiologists (e.g., stricture pattern, margins), and malignant or benign DBSs were identified based on surgical findings, endoscopy findings, or follow-up. The diagnostic accuracy of the two reviewers using MRCP alone and MRCP combined with CT were evaluated. MRCP and CT features of malignant and benign DBSs were compared using multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent malignant risk factors. Results MRCP combined with CT examination could improve the diagnostic accuracy, which increased from 70.2% to 81.5% in Doctor A and from 85.1% to 89.3% in Doctor B. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that stricture length [odds ratio (OR) 1.070, P=0.016], angle of the DBS (OR 1.061, P<0.001), double duct sign (OR 4.312, P=0.003) and low density in the arterial phase (OR 0.319, P=0.018) were associated with malignant DBS. A scoring model incorporating these four factors was established; at a threshold value of 1.75, and the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of malignant DBSs were 73.5 and 85.9%, respectively. Conclusions Compared to the use of MRCP alone, MRCP combined with contrast-enhanced CT can improve the accuracy of DBS diagnosis. The scoring model accurately predicts malignant DBSs and helps make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Radiology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ge
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Chuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
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9
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Huynh R, Owers C, Pinto C, Nguyen TM, Kwok T. Endoscopic Evaluation of Biliary Strictures: Current and Emerging Techniques. Clin Endosc 2021; 54:825-832. [PMID: 34038998 PMCID: PMC8652159 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2021.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of biliary strictures in clinical practice can be challenging. Discriminating between benign and malignant biliary strictures is important to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with incorrect diagnoses. Missing a malignant biliary stricture may delay surgery, resulting in poor prognostic outcomes. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that approximately 20% of patients who undergo surgery for suspected biliary malignancies have a benign etiology on histopathology. Traditional tissue sampling using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography does not always produce a definitive diagnosis, with a considerable proportion of cases remaining as indeterminate biliary strictures. Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have the potential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of biliary strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Huynh
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Corinne Owers
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Pinto
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thuy-My Nguyen
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Titus Kwok
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Kamp EJCA, Dinjens WNM, Doukas M, Bruno MJ, de Jonge PJF, Peppelenbosch MP, de Vries AC. Optimal tissue sampling during ERCP and emerging molecular techniques for the differentiation of benign and malignant biliary strictures. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211002023. [PMID: 33948111 PMCID: PMC8053835 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cholangiocarcinoma have poor survival since the majority of patients are diagnosed at a stage precluding surgical resection, due to locally irresectable tumors and/or metastases. Optimization of diagnostic strategies, with a principal role for tissue diagnosis, is essential to detect cancers at an earlier stage amenable to curative treatment. Current barriers for a tissue diagnosis include both insufficient tissue sampling and a difficult cyto- or histopathological assessment. During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, optimal brush sampling includes obtaining more than one brush within an individual patient to increase its diagnostic value. Currently, no significant increase of the diagnostic accuracy for the new cytology brush devices aiming to enhance the cellularity of brushings versus standard biliary brush devices has been demonstrated. Peroral cholangioscopy with bile duct biopsies appears to be a valuable tool in the diagnostic work-up of indeterminate biliary strictures, and may overcome current technical difficulties of fluoroscopic-guided biopsies. Over the past years, molecular techniques to detect chromosomal instability, mutations and methylation profiling of tumors have revolutionized, and implementation of these techniques on biliary tissue during diagnostic work-up of biliary strictures may be awaited in the near future. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has already been implemented in routine diagnostic evaluation of biliary strictures in several centers. Next-generation sequencing is promising for standard diagnostic care in biliary strictures, and recent studies have shown adequate detection of prevalent genomic alterations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, PIK3CA, and GNAS on biliary brush material. Detection of DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes and microRNAs may evolve over the coming years to a valuable diagnostic tool for cholangiocarcinoma. This review summarizes optimal strategies for biliary tissue sampling during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and focuses on the evolving molecular techniques on biliary tissue to improve the differentiation of benign and malignant biliary strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J. C. A. Kamp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winand N. M. Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jan F. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie C. de Vries
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Room Na-609, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
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11
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The utility of digital cholangioscopy (SpyGlass DS) in biliary and pancreatic diseases: A clinical feasibility study at two tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia (with Videos). Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:49-53. [PMID: 32179048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Since its inception in 2007, single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC) has gained popularity for many diagnostically and therapeutically challenging biliary and pancreatic conditions. Many studies have been published to evaluate the feasibility, usefulness, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile of the first generation. This paper is a descriptive study in which we aim to share the experience of two tertiary care centers with the novel version of SOC, SpyGlass DS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of all the patients who went through the procedure from October 2015 - July 2019 to explore the scope of biliary and pancreatic conditions in which SOC was utilized. Technical success was defined as the ability to visualize the lesion and complete the procedure as planned, whereas clinical success was determined by the ability to achieve the desired diagnostic/therapeutic outcome. RESULTS During the period of interest, 66 patients (34 males) went through 84 cholangioscopy procedures. Forty-four patients failed the conventional extraction methods and needed the intervention for the treatment of difficult stones, 24 patients needed a diagnostic evaluation of biliary strictures, and 3 needed an intervention to remove migrated stents. Technical success was achieved in 98.8% (83/84) of the procedures (95% CI: 96-100%). Regarding clinical success, stone breakdown and removal was achieved in 92% of the procedures (49/53; 95% CI: 85-100%). Tissue samples were successfully obtained in 95.8% (23/24) of patients with strictures (95% CI: 88-100%). The biopsy was appropriate to make a histological diagnosis in 83.3% of cases (20/24; 95% CI: 68-98%). The median number of sessions needed to achieve the deisred outcome was one (ranging between 1 and 6 sessions). CONCLUSION The new version of SOC, SpyGlass DS, provides a feasible and an effective option for the management of difficult cholelithiasis, as well as visually evaluating and obtaining histological samples for indeterminate biliary strictures. However, data from more extensive studies are needed to establish its non-inferiority to the fiberoptic version in terms of short- and long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and complications.
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Wen LJ, Chen JH, Chen YJ, Liu K. Utility of multiple endoscopic techniques in differential diagnosis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis from gallbladder malignancy with bile duct invasion: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:464-470. [PMID: 32047799 PMCID: PMC7000931 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GAM) is a benign lesion, characterized by thickening of the gallbladder wall and a focal mass, which overlap with the features of gallbladder malignancy. Consequently, differential diagnosis of GAM from gallbladder cancer is difficult and approximately 20% of suspected malignant biliary strictures are postoperatively confirmed as benign lesions. Herein, we report a case in which a preoperative diagnosis of GAM was made by a combination of endoscopic and imaging techniques.
CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old man was referred to our hospital chiefly for a fever and right upper abdominal pain with dark urine. Enhanced computed tomography showed thickening of the gallbladder wall and a mass in the gallbladder neck with involvement of the hepatic bile ducts, which was suspected to be malignant. Gallbladder malignancy with bile duct invasion was ruled out by subsequent endoscopic examinations, including endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, intraductal ultrasound, and SpyGlass. Endoscopic examinations showed a homogeneous hyperechoic lesion with smooth margins of benign bile duct stricture suggestive of inflammatory stenosis of the bile duct. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. GAM was postoperatively diagnosed and confirmed based on the histopathology results, which are consistent with the preoperative diagnosis. Notably, no malignant event occurred in the patient during a 12-mo follow-up period.
CONCLUSION A combination of endoscopic techniques may help in the differential diagnosis of GAM from gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jia Wen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yong-Jin Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Yan S, Tejaswi S. Clinical impact of digital cholangioscopy in management of indeterminate biliary strictures and complex biliary stones: a single-center study. Ther Adv Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 12:2631774519853160. [PMID: 31218297 PMCID: PMC6563398 DOI: 10.1177/2631774519853160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Endoscopic management of indeterminate strictures and complex stones remains a challenge, for which the latest generation single-operator digital cholangioscope (SpyGlass DS) has shown promising results. We aimed to study the clinical impact of single-operator digital cholangioscope at our tertiary academic center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all digital cholangioscopies performed from June 2015 to May 2018. Patient characteristics, procedure characteristics, and post-procedural patient outcomes were recorded. Results: A total of 50 patients (26 men, average age 61.4 years) underwent 67 procedures. Indications were biliary stones (21/50, 42%), strictures and primary sclerosing cholangitis surveillance (22/50, 46%), and miscellaneous (7/50, 14%). The average procedure time was 82 ± 29 min (99.5 min for stones and 74.2 min for strictures). Stone clearance was achieved in 19/21 (90.47%) cases, with electrohydraulic lithotripsy employed in 16/21 and repeat cholangioscopy necessary in 9/21. Malignant strictures (10) were differentiated from benign (12) in all cases both in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (9) and in those without (13), based on visual cholangioscopic features (sensitivity and specificity 100%), single-operator digital cholangioscope–directed biopsies (sensitivity 60% and specificity 100%), and brush cytology (sensitivity 37.5% and specificity 100%). Complications included one post-sphincterotomy bleeding and one post-procedural cholangitis despite antibiotic prophylaxis, but no procedure-related mortality. Conclusion: Single-operator digital cholangioscope had a high success rate and a low rate of complications for management of indeterminate strictures and difficult biliary stones. Visual cholangioscopic features of biliary strictures had excellent diagnostic accuracy, and targeted biopsies outperformed brush cytology. Early implementation of cholangioscopy for select indications leads to successful patient outcomes and reduces diagnostic delays, cost, and risks of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sooraj Tejaswi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Indications for Single-Operator Cholangioscopy and Pancreatoscopy: an Expert Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17:408-419. [DOI: 10.1007/s11938-019-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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