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Scuderi SA, Ardizzone A, Salako AE, Pantò G, De Luca F, Esposito E, Capra AP. Pentraxin 3: A Main Driver of Inflammation and Immune System Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1637. [PMID: 38730589 PMCID: PMC11083335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of brain neoplasms that are highly prevalent in individuals of all ages worldwide. Within this pathological framework, the most prevalent and aggressive type of primary brain tumor is glioblastoma (GB), a subtype of glioma that falls within the IV-grade astrocytoma group. The death rate for patients with GB remains high, occurring within a few months after diagnosis, even with the gold-standard therapies now available, such as surgery, radiation, or a pharmaceutical approach with Temozolomide. For this reason, it is crucial to continue looking for cutting-edge therapeutic options to raise patients' survival chances. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional protein that has a variety of regulatory roles in inflammatory processes related to extracellular matrix (ECM). An increase in PTX3 blood levels is considered a trustworthy factor associated with the beginning of inflammation. Moreover, scientific evidence suggested that PTX3 is a sensitive and earlier inflammation-related marker compared to the short pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP). In several tumoral subtypes, via regulating complement-dependent and macrophage-associated tumor-promoting inflammation, it has been demonstrated that PTX3 may function as a promoter of cancer metastasis, invasion, and stemness. Our review aims to deeply evaluate the function of PTX3 in the pathological context of GB, considering its pivotal biological activities and its possible role as a molecular target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Ayomide Eniola Salako
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
- University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fabiola De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
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Collado J, Boland L, Ahrendsen JT, Miska J, Lee-Chang C. Understanding the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: leveraging the extracellular matrix to increase immunotherapy efficacy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336476. [PMID: 38380331 PMCID: PMC10876826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for approximately half of all malignant brain tumors, and it remains lethal with a five-year survival of less than 10%. Despite the immense advancements in the field, it has managed to evade even the most promising therapeutics: immunotherapies. The main reason is the highly spatiotemporally heterogeneous and immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Accounting for this complex interplay of TME-driven immunosuppression is key to developing effective therapeutics. This review will explore the immunomodulatory role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by establishing its contribution to the TME as a key mediator of immune responses in GBM. This relationship will help us elucidate therapeutic targets that can be leveraged to develop and deliver more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Collado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Boland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lurie Cancer Center, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lurie Cancer Center, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
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Zhou Y, Jiao J, Yang R, Wen B, Wu Q, Xu L, Tong X, Yan H. Temozolomide-based sonodynamic therapy induces immunogenic cell death in glioma. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109772. [PMID: 37716612 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, we found for the first time that temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma (GBM), can generate a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound irradiation. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) using TMZ as the sonosensitizer produced more potent antitumor effects than TMZ alone. Here, we further evaluate the effects of TMZ-based SDT on subcellular structures and investigate the immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing capability of TMZ-based SDT. METHODS The sonotoxic effects of TMZ were explored in LN229 and GL261 glioma cells. The morphology of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nuclear DNA damage was represented by γ-H2AX staining. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were employed to assess ICD-inducing capability of TMZ-based SDT. A cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (c(RGDyC))-modified nanoliposome drug delivery platform was used to improve the tumor targeting of SDT. RESULTS TMZ-based SDT had a greater inhibitory effect on glioma cells than TMZ alone. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that TMZ-based SDT caused endoplasmic reticulum dilation and mitochondrial swelling. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR), nuclear DNA damage and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were promoted in TMZ-based SDT group. Most importantly, we found that TMZ-based SDT could promote the "danger signals" produced by glioma cells and induce the maturation and activation of BMDCs, which was associated with the mitochondrial DNA released into the cytoplasm in glioma cells. In vivo experiments showed that TMZ-based SDT could remodel glioma immune microenvironment and provoke durable and powerful anti-tumor immune responses. What's more, the engineered nanoliposome vector of TMZ conferred SDT tumor targeting, providing an option for safer clinical application of TMZ in combination with SDT in the future. CONCLUSIONS TMZ-based SDT was capable of triggering ICD in glioma. The discovery of TMZ as a sonosensitizer have shown great promise in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiji Jiao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rongyan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Binli Wen
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hua Yan
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Jain P, Vashist S, Panjiyar BK. Navigating the Immune Challenge in Glioblastoma: Exploring Immunotherapeutic Avenues for Overcoming Immune Suppression. Cureus 2023; 15:e46089. [PMID: 37900496 PMCID: PMC10611557 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor known for its short survival time, typically 14-18 months from diagnosis to fatality. Managing GBM poses significant challenges due to factors like the formidable blood-brain barrier, the immunosuppressive conditions within GBM, and the intricacies of surgical procedures. Currently, the typical treatment for GBM combines surgical procedures, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy using temozolomide. Unfortunately, this conventional approach has not proven effective in substantially extending the lives of GBM patients. Consequently, researchers are exploring alternative methods for GBM management. One promising avenue receiving attention in recent years is immunotherapy. This approach has successfully treated cancer types like non-small cell lung cancer and blood-related malignancies. Various immunotherapeutic strategies are currently under investigation for GBM treatment, including checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and oncolytic viruses. A comprehensive review of 26 high-quality studies conducted over the past decade, involving thorough searches of databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, has been conducted. The findings from this review suggest that while immunotherapeutic strategies show promise, they face significant limitations and challenges in practical application for GBM treatment. The study emphasizes the importance of combining diverse approaches, customizing treatments for individual patients, and ongoing research efforts to improve GBM patients' outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Jain
- Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, IND
| | | | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Zhou Y, Hu F, Cui Y, Wu H, Hu S, Wei W. Bibliometric analysis of research on immunogenic cell death in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1029020. [PMID: 36278159 PMCID: PMC9582244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1029020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy is changing the way we treat cancer. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has received considerable attention in the treatments of various cancer types, due to the long-lasting antitumor responses elicited in human body. However, to date, no relevant bibliometric research has been reported. Methods: Publications related to ICD in cancer research were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer and an online platform, the analyses of co-author, co-citation, and co-occurrence of terms retrieved from literatures were carried out. Results: A total of 1,577 publications were included in this study. The global research literatures on ICD in cancer research have been increasing from 2005 to 2021. China, the United States and France dominated in this area and had close collaborations with many countries. Six of the top 10 most contributive institutions were from France. When it comes to author analysis, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Garg AD and Galluzzi L were in both the top 10 most productive authors and top 10 most co-cited authors lists. The co-occurring author keywords could be grouped into three clusters: “biomarkers of ICD”, “nanoparticles” and “combination therapy”. In terms of promising hotspots, keywords (author keywords and KeyWords Plus) with recent citation bursts could be summarized into two aspects: “tumor microenvironment” and “nanoparticles”. Conclusion: Increased attention has been paid to ICD in cancer treatment. However, there are still many unresolved domains in the field of ICD, such as clinical application and molecular mechanisms of this cell death process. ICD-inducing modalities combined with nanotechnology could potentiate the current immunotherapies, and will be hotspots for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fen Hu
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- Institute of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- *Correspondence: Shunan Hu, ; Wei Wei,
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- Institute of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- *Correspondence: Shunan Hu, ; Wei Wei,
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Bai Z, Wang X, Zhang Z. Establishment and Validation of a 5 m6A RNA Methylation Regulatory Gene Prognostic Model in Low-Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:655169. [PMID: 35281815 PMCID: PMC8914514 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.655169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognosis of low-grade glioma (LGG) is different from that of other intracranial tumors. Although many markers of LGG have been established, few are used in clinical practice. M6A methylation significantly affects the biological behavior of LGG tumors. Therefore, establishment of an LGG prognostic model based on m6A methylation regulatory genes is of great interest.Methods: Data from 495 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 172 patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were analyzed. Univariate Cox analysis was used to identify methylation regulatory genes with prognostic significance. LASSO Cox regression was used to identify prognostic genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to verify the accuracy of the model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to identify cellular pathways that were significantly associated with the prognosis of LGG.Results: A glioma prognostic model based on five methylation regulatory genes was established. Compared with low-risk patients, patients identified as high risk had a poorer prognosis. There was a high degree of consistency between the internal training and internal validation CGGA cohorts and the external validation TCGA cohort. Furthermore, KEGG and GSEA analyses showed that the focal adhesion and cell cycle pathways were significantly upregulated in high-risk patients. This signature could be used to distinguish among patients with different immune checkpoint gene expression levels, which may inform immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy.Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluated m6A methylation regulatory genes in LGG and constructed a prognostic model based on m6A methylation, which may improve prognostic prediction for patients with LGG.
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Wang L, Chen Y, Liu X, Li Z, Dai X. The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Problems. Front Oncol 2022; 11:704999. [PMID: 35111663 PMCID: PMC8801488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of disease-related deaths in the world. Although cancer treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the survival time of cancer patients is still far from satisfied. Cancer immunotherapy, such as Oncolytic virotherapy, Immune checkpoints inhibition, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy and macrophages genomic modification, has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for different kinds of cancer. However, many patients do not respond to the cancer immunotherapy which warrants further investigation to optimize this strategy. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), as a versatile genome engineering tool, has become popular in the biology research field and it was also applied to optimize tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, CRISPR-based high-throughput screening can be used in the study of immunomodulatory drug resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarized the development as well as the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the cancer immunotherapy and discussed the potential problems that may be caused by this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai,
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Sulman EP, Eisenstat DD. World Cancer Day 2021 - Perspectives in Pediatric and Adult Neuro-Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659800. [PMID: 34041027 PMCID: PMC8142853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of pediatric and adult brain tumors and the resulting rapid expansion of clinical molecular neuropathology have led to improvements in diagnostic accuracy and identified new targets for therapy. Moreover, there have been major improvements in all facets of clinical care, including imaging, surgery, radiation and supportive care. In selected cohorts of patients, targeted and immunotherapies have resulted in improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, adaptations to clinical trial design have facilitated our study of new agents and other therapeutic innovations. However, considerable work remains to be done towards extending survival for all patients with primary brain tumors, especially children and adults with diffuse midline gliomas harboring Histone H3 K27 mutations and adults with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type, O6 guanine DNA-methyltransferase gene (MGMT) promoter unmethylated high grade gliomas. In addition to improvements in therapy and care, access to the advances in technology, such as particle radiation or biologic therapy, neuroimaging and molecular diagnostics in both developing and developed countries is needed to improve the outcome of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Sulman
- Section of Neuro-oncology & Neurosurgical Oncology, Frontiers in Oncology and Frontiers in Neurology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Section of Neuro-oncology & Neurosurgical Oncology, Frontiers in Oncology and Frontiers in Neurology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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