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Lunde CE, Dudek MR, Talbert CA, Sieberg CB, Silva KE, Papadelis C, Ullrich NJ, Manley PE, Moulton EA. The long-term impact of cerebellar tumor resection on executive functioning, anxiety, and fear of pain: A mixed methodology pilot study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38604218 PMCID: PMC11467132 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2024.2337208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study investigated the long-term impact of a surgery-only treatment (no exposure to other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation) for pediatric cerebellar low-grade gliomas on executive function, anxiety, and fear of pain (FOP) beliefs. Twelve patients who underwent surgical glioma resection during childhood (surgery age was 4-16 years, study visit age was 10-28 years), and 12 pain-free controls matched for age, sex, race, and handedness were tested. The spatial extent of resection was precisely mapped using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Executive function, anxiety, and FOP were assessed using validated self-report age-appropriate questionnaires for children and adults. Structured clinical interviews at a post-surgery follow-up visit were completed (average: 89 months, range: 20-99). No significant differences in FOP (FOPQ-C t[14 = 1.81, p = 0.09; FOPQ-III t[4] = 0.29, p = 0.79), executive function scores (BRIEF t[20] = 0.30, p = 0.28), or anxiety scores (MASC t[16] = 0.19, p = 0.85; MAQ t[4] = 1.80, p = 0.15) were found in pediatric or adult patients compared to pain-free controls. Clinical interviews mainly categorized pediatric patients as not anxious. One participant reported mild/subclinical anxiety, and one had moderate clinical anxiety. Neither psychologists nor patients endorsed impairments to executive functioning, anxiety, or FOP. Our pilot results suggest that pediatric cerebellar tumor survivors treated with surgery-only have favorable long-term functioning related to these themes. While these results are promising, they will need to be replicated in a larger patient sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Lunde
- Biobehavioral Pain Innovations Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madison R Dudek
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cameron A Talbert
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine B Sieberg
- Biobehavioral Pain Innovations Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Health Outcomes & Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie E Silva
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christos Papadelis
- Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter E Manley
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A Moulton
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sciancalepore F, Fabozzi F, Albino G, Del Baldo G, Di Ruscio V, Laus B, Menegatti D, Premuselli R, Secco DE, Tozzi AE, Lacorte E, Vanacore N, Carai A, Mastronuzzi A. Frequency and characterization of cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with paediatric central nervous system tumours: a systematic review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1198521. [PMID: 37274224 PMCID: PMC10235613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1198521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review has been conducted with the aim of characterizing cognitive deficits and analyzing their frequency in survivors of paediatric Central Nervous System tumours. Materials and methods All literature published up to January 2023 was retrieved searching the databases "PubMed", "Cochrane", "APA PsycInfo" and "CINAHL". The following set of pre-defined inclusion criteria were then individually applied to the selected articles in their full-text version: i) Retrospective/prospective longitudinal observational studies including only patients diagnosed with primary cerebral tumours at ≤ 21 years (range 0-21); ii) Studies including patients evaluated for neuro-cognitive and neuro-psychological deficits from their diagnosis and/or from anti-tumoral therapies; iii) Studies reporting standardized tests evaluating patients' neuro-cognitive and neuro-psychological performances; iv) Patients with follow-ups ≥ 2 years from the end of their anti-tumoral therapies; v) Studies reporting frequencies of cognitive deficits. Results 39 studies were included in the analysis. Of these, 35 assessed intellectual functioning, 30 examined memory domains, 24 assessed executive functions, 22 assessed attention, 16 examined visuo-spatial skills, and 15 explored language. A total of 34 studies assessed more than one cognitive function, only 5 studies limited their analysis on a single cognitive domain. Attention impairments were the most recurrent in this population, with a mean frequency of 52.3% after a median period post-treatment of 11.5 years. The other cognitive functions investigated in the studies showed a similar frequency of impairments, with executive functions, language, visuospatial skills and memory deficits occurring in about 40% of survivors after a similar post-treatment period. Longitudinal studies included in the systematic review showed a frequent decline over time of intellectual functioning. Conclusions Survivors of paediatric Central Nervous System tumours experience cognitive sequelae characterized by significant impairments in the attention domain (52.3%), but also in the other cognitive functions. Future studies in this research field need to implement more cognitive interventions and effective, but less neurotoxic, tumour therapies to preserve or improve neurocognitive functioning and quality of life of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sciancalepore
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabozzi
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Albino
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Ruscio
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Menegatti
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering (DIAG), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Premuselli
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Domitilla Elena Secco
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Multifactorial and Complex Diseases Research Area, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lacorte
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cell Therapy Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Zheng W, Guan X, Zhang X, Gong J. Early recovery of cognition and brain plasticity after surgery in children with low-grade frontal lobe tumors. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1127098. [PMID: 36969297 PMCID: PMC10036824 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1127098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade frontal lobe tumors (LGFLT) can be cured through total resection, but surgical trauma could impair higher-order cognitive function. We aim to characterize the short-term natural cognitive recovery and brain plasticity in surgically-treated pediatric patients with LGFLT. Methods Ten pediatric patients with LGFLT were enrolled. Their cognitive function was assessed before the surgery (S0), in the first month post-surgery (S1), and 3-6 months post-surgery (S2), using the CNS Vital Signs battery. DTI and rs-fMRI were performed during the same time periods. Changes of cognition and image metrics between S1>S0 and S2>S1 were analyzed. Results The Motor Speed (MotSp) and Reaction Time (RT) scores significantly decreased in S1 and recovered in S2. Rs-fMRI showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) between the bilateral frontal lobes and bilateral caudates, putamina, and pallidi in S1>S0 (voxel threshold p -unc < 0.001 , cluster threshold p -FDR < 0.05 ). In S2>S1, FC recovery was observed in the neighboring frontal cortex areas ( p -unc < 0.001 , p -FDR < 0.05 ). Among them, the FC in the caudates-right inferior frontal gyri was positively correlated to the RT ( p -FDR < 0.05 ). A DTI Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis showed decreased fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity mainly in the corticospinal tracts, cingulum, internal capsule, and external capsule at 0-6 months post-surgery (TFCE- p < 0.05 ). The DTI metrics were not associated with the cognitive data. Conclusion Processing speed impairment after an LGFLT resection can recover naturally within 3-6 months in school-age children. Rs-fMRI is more sensitive to short-term brain plasticity than DTI TBSS analysis. "Map expansion" plasticity in the frontal-basal ganglia circuit may contribute to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Guan
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jian Gong
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Jian Gong
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A review of long-term deficits in memory systems following radiotherapy for pediatric posterior fossa tumor. Radiother Oncol 2022; 174:111-122. [PMID: 35640769 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, progress in pediatric posterior fossa tumor (PFT) treatments has improved survival rates. However, the majority of survivors present neurocognitive sequelae that impact academic achievement. METHODS This review examines the literature from 2000 to 2020 on long-term outcomes in different memory systems for survivors of pediatric PFT, considering the impact of radiotherapy which is a well-known prognostic factor for global neurocognitive function. RESULTS Of the 43 articles selected, 31 explored working memory, 19 episodic memory, 9 semantic memory and 2 procedural memory. Irradiated survivors had scores of < -2 standard deviation (SD) (n = 4 studies/25) or between -2SD and -1SD (n =7 studies/25) for working memory; < -1SD for anterograde memory (n = 11/13), with a progressive decline in these two memory systems; < -1SD (n = 4/7) in semantic memory, and a deficit in perceptual-motor procedural learning (n = 1/1). Reducing craniospinal irradiation dose, limiting tumor bed boosts, and using proton therapy seem to have had a beneficial effect with better preservation of the memory score and a reduction in the decline over time. Non-irradiated survivors had memory systems that were less affected, with preservation of anterograde memory and maintenance of long-term stability. CONCLUSION Memory deficits are a core feature in survivors of pediatric PFT, especially when treatment requires radiotherapy. To limit these effects, dose constraints for specific brain areas involved in memory should be defined. During long-term follow-up, specific attention is essential to identify these deficits in order to limit their impact on the quality of life.
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Konovalov N, Timonin S, Asyutin D, Raevskiy M, Sorokin M, Buzdin A, Kaprovoy S. Transcriptomic Portraits and Molecular Pathway Activation Features of Adult Spinal Intramedullary Astrocytomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837570. [PMID: 35387112 PMCID: PMC8978956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report 31 spinal intramedullary astrocytoma (SIA) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) profiles for 25 adult patients with documented clinical annotations. To our knowledge, this is the first clinically annotated RNA-seq dataset of spinal astrocytomas derived from the intradural intramedullary compartment. We compared these tumor profiles with the previous healthy central nervous system (CNS) RNA-seq data for spinal cord and brain and identified SIA-specific gene sets and molecular pathways. Our findings suggest a trend for SIA-upregulated pathways governing interactions with the immune cells and downregulated pathways for the neuronal functioning in the context of normal CNS activity. In two patient tumor biosamples, we identified diagnostic KIAA1549-BRAF fusion oncogenes, and we also found 16 new SIA-associated fusion transcripts. In addition, we bioinformatically simulated activities of targeted cancer drugs in SIA samples and predicted that several tyrosine kinase inhibitory drugs and thalidomide analogs could be potentially effective as second-line treatment agents to aid in the prevention of SIA recurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikhail Raevskiy
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, United States
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, United States
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Oncobox Ltd., Moscow, Russia
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A prospective behavioral and imaging study exploring the impact on long-term memory of radiotherapy delivered for a brain tumor in childhood and adolescence. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 33:7-14. [PMID: 34988299 PMCID: PMC8703178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Common long-term memory defects after pediatric brain tumor affect school achievement The hippocampi, the cerebellum and cerebellar-cortical networks play a role in several memory systems. This study will provide long-term neuropsychological data about four different memory systems. We will investigate the correlations between neuropsychological, neuroimaging and radiotherapy dose data. Imaging will be structural (3DT1), microstructural (DTI), functional (rs-fMRI), vascular (ASL) and metabolic (spectroscopy).
Background Posterior fossa tumors represent two thirds of brain tumors in children. Although progress in treatment has improved survival rates over the past few years, long-term memory impairments in survivors are frequent and have an impact on academic achievement. The hippocampi, cerebellum and cerebellar-cortical networks play a role in several memory systems. They are affected not only by the location of the tumor itself and its surgical removal, but also by the supratentorial effects of complementary treatments, particularly radiotherapy. The IMPALA study will investigate the impact of irradiation doses on brain structures involved in memory, especially the hippocampi and cerebellum. Methods/design In this single-center prospective behavioral and neuro-imaging study, 90 participants will be enrolled in three groups. The first two groups will include patients who underwent surgery for a posterior fossa brain tumor in childhood, who are considered to be cured, and who completed treatment at least 5 years earlier, either with radiotherapy (aggressive brain tumor; Group 1) or without (low-grade brain tumor; Group 2). Group 3 will include control participants matched with Group 1 for age, sex, and handedness. All participants will perform an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests, including an assessment of the main memory systems, and undergo multimodal 3 T MRI. The irradiation dose to the different brain structures involved in memory will be collected from the initial radiotherapy dosimetry. Discussion This study will provide long-term neuropsychological data about four different memory systems (working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and procedural memory) and the cognitive functions (attention, language, executive functions) that can interfere with them, in order to better characterize memory deficits among the survivors of brain tumors. We will investigate the correlations between neuropsychological and neuroimaging data on the structural (3DT1), microstructural (DTI), functional (rs-fMRI), vascular (ASL) and metabolic (spectroscopy) impact of the tumor and irradiation dose. This study will thus inform the setting of dose constraints to spare regions linked to the development of cognitive and memory functions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04324450, registered March 27, 2020, updated January 25th, 2021. Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04324450.
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Key Words
- 3DT1, T1-weighted imaging
- CMS, Children's Memory Scale
- DFA, discriminating factor analysis
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- IQ, intellectual quotient
- MEM-III, Wechsler Memory Scale
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Memory
- NTCP, normal tissue complication probability
- PFT, posterior fossa tumor
- Posterior fossa brain tumor
- Radiotherapy
- SRTT, serial reaction time task
- Spectroscopy
- TCP, tumor control probability
- WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
- WISC, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- pCASL, pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling
- rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
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Chieffo DPR, Arcangeli V, Moriconi F, Zanetti C, Frassanito P, Bianchi F, Massimi L, Tamburrini G. Correlation between Pre- and Post-Surgical Findings for Long-Term Neurocognitive and Behaviour Development Due to Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas: The Trend after 10 Years. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081489. [PMID: 34441423 PMCID: PMC8394479 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present study was to selectively evaluate the long-term impact of posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytomas, which are known to be among the most benign forms of paediatric brain tumours on neurocognitive and behavioural functions. Methods: Children that were operated on for a posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma in the Pediatric Neurosurgery Department of the Catholic University Medical School were selected according to the following criteria: (a) age > 5 years (in order to have a complete set of neurocognitive evaluations data), (b) ability to perform a complete set of tests before and after surgery, and (c) children that had a regular follow-up up to 10 years from the surgical treatment. Results: Forty-three percent of the children selected for the present study showed a borderline IQ before surgery, which is a result corresponding to those previously reported in the literature for children affected by posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytomas; praxis and visual perception were the selective functions that were more frequently affected. Language performance tests scores were below average in 40% of the cases but tended to improve in terms of expressive and receptive skills even at the 1-year follow-up; the improvements became significant at the 5-year and 10-year follow-ups. Conclusions: Recognising and measuring the short- and long-term effects of cerebellar tumours in children and their treatment are the first step towards improving their clinical course and quality of life. Early interventions should be offered to all of them, with specific attention bestowed on visual-spatial stimulation, speech and occupational therapies in order to act on praxic and visuo-perceptive skills, as well as on emotion and behaviour tracts of the neurocognitive profile, which more commonly tend to persist in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.R.C.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (C.Z.)
- UOC Neurochirurgia Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Valentina Arcangeli
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.R.C.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Federica Moriconi
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.R.C.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Camilla Zanetti
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.R.C.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Paolo Frassanito
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-06-30154120; Fax: +39-06-3051343
| | - Luca Massimi
- UOC Neurochirurgia Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (L.M.); (G.T.)
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- UOC Neurochirurgia Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (L.M.); (G.T.)
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Cytokines in Pediatric Pilocytic Astrocytomas: A Clinico-Pathological Study. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytomas (PCA) are WHO Grade I tumors with a favorable prognosis. Surgical resection is usually curative. Nonetheless, progressive and/or metastatic disease occurs in 20% of patients. For these patients, treatment options are limited. The role of the immune system in PCA has not previously been reported. We hypothesize that the circulating cytokines contribute to tumorigenicity in PCA. This is an exploratory study with a focus on the identification of circulating cerebrospinal (CSF) cytokines associated with PCA. The primary objective is to demonstrate that CSF cytokines will be differentially expressed in the subset of PCAs that are difficult to treat in comparison to their surgically amendable counterparts. This is a single-institution, retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of PCA who have simultaneous intraoperative CSF sampling are included. Cerebrospinal fluid samples are subjected to multiplex cytokine profiling. Patient-derived PCA lines from selected patients in the same study cohort are cultured. Their cell culture supernatants are collected and interrogated using the sample multiplex platform as the CSF. A total of 8 patients are recruited. There were two patients with surgically difficult tumors associated with leptomeningeal involvement. Multiplex profiling of the cohort’s CSF samples showed elevated expressions of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-4, and TNF-α in these two patients in comparison to the remaining cohort. Next, primary cell lines derived from the same PCA patients demonstrated a similar trend of differential cytokine expression in their cell culture supernatant in vitro. Although our findings are preliminary at this stage, this is the first study in pediatric PCAs that show cytokine expression differences between the two groups of PCA with different clinical behaviors.
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Candido MF, Baldissera GC, Medeiros M, Umezawa K, Brassesco MS. NF-кB inhibition by DHMEQ: in vitro antiproliferative effects on pilocytic astrocytoma and concise review of the current literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:2675-2684. [PMID: 32385563 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common brain tumor that affects the pediatric population. Even though PA is benign and treatment only involves surgery, recurrent or unresectable tumors require chemo- and radiotherapy. Besides BRAF, CDKN2A, or IDH mutations, the hyperactivation of the nuclear factor NF-κB contributes to tumor growth and survival. METHODS In the present study, we used publicly available data for the in silico analysis of NF-κB subunits (RELA, RELB, REL, NF-κB1, and NF-κB2) expression in PA samples. Besides, in vitro assays were performed to evaluate proliferation, migration, cell death, on the PA cell line Res286 comparing to human primary astrocytes. Sensitization to radiation therapy and temozolomide (TMZ) was also assayed. RESULTS Our results showed that all the members of the NF-kB family are upregulated in PA datasets compared to normal brain tissues. Moreover, DHMEQ treatment significantly reduced cell growth and motility, while sensitized cells to ionizing radiation and TMZ, as previously seen in high-grade gliomas. CONCLUSIONS This drug presents a potential application in clinical practice for the treatment of recurrent or inoperable PA. Moreover, its use might assist adjuvant chemotherapy and reduce irradiation doses to avoid toxicity to the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Candido
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Baldissera
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Medeiros
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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10
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Traunwieser T, Kandels D, Pauls F, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Bison B, Krauss J, Kortmann RD, Timmermann B, Thomale UW, Luettich P, Neumann-Holbeck A, Tischler T, Hernáiz Driever P, Witt O, Gnekow AK. Long-term cognitive deficits in pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG) survivors reflect pretreatment conditions-report from the German LGG studies. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa094. [PMID: 32968720 PMCID: PMC7497816 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease and treatment contribute to cognitive late effects following pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG). We analyzed prospectively collected neuropsychological data of German pediatric LGG survivors and focused on the impact of hydrocephalus at diagnosis, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) status, and extent of surgery. Methods We used the Neuropsychological Basic Diagnostic screening tool based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model for intelligence and the concept of cross-battery assessment at 2 and 5 years from diagnosis for 316 patients from the German pediatric LGG study and LGG registry (7.1 years median age; 45 NF1; cerebral hemispheres 16%, supratentorial midline 39%, infratentorial 45%). Hydrocephalus was classified radiologically in 137 non-NF1 patients with infratentorial tumors (95/137 complete/subtotal resection). Results Patients with NF1 versus non-NF1 exhibited inferior verbal short-term memory and visual processing (P < .001-.021). In non-NF1 patients, infratentorial tumor site and complete/subtotal resection were associated with sequelae in visual processing, psychomotor speed, and processing speed (P < .001-.008). Non-NF1 patients without surgical tumor reduction and/or nonsurgical treatment experienced similar deficits. Degree of hydrocephalus at diagnosis had no further impact. Psychomotor and processing speed were impaired comparably following chemo-/radiotherapy (P < .001-.021). Pretreatment factors such as NF1 or tumor site were relevant at multivariate analysis. Conclusions All pediatric LGG survivors are at risk to experience long-term cognitive impairments in various domains. Even surgical only management of cerebellar LGG or no treatment at all, that is, biopsy only/radiological diagnosis did not protect cognitive function. Since pattern and extent of deficits are crucial to tailor rehabilitation, neuropsychological and quality of survival assessments should be mandatory in future LGG trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Traunwieser
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kandels
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Franz Pauls
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Bison
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Krauss
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Beate Timmermann
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | | | - Peggy Luettich
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Tischler
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Hernáiz Driever
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid K Gnekow
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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11
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Parenrengi MA, Aji YK. Multiple Lesions Accompanied by Postoperative Spontaneous Intracystic Hemorrhage in a Pediatric Patient with Pilocytic Astrocytoma. Asian J Neurosurg 2020; 15:409-413. [PMID: 32656142 PMCID: PMC7335113 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_308_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common primary brain tumor in the pediatric population and has a classic imaging manifestation of a solitary, cyst-like mass with a strong contrast-enhancing mural nodule. Here, we report a case of multiple lesions in pilocytic astrocytoma in a pediatric patient accompanied by postoperative spontaneous intracystic hemorrhage. We describe the case of a 14-year-old female patient with a history of surgery for right cerebellar tumor 6 years ago. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed cystic lesion with a mural nodule in the cerebellum and right retrothalamic area, suggesting a pilocytic astrocytoma. Emergency surgery was done. Pathology confirmed a pilocytic astrocytoma World Health Organization Grade 1. During postoperative course, clinical outcomes of the patient did not improve. Follow-up CT showed cystic remnant compressing the brain stem with spontaneous intracystic hemorrhage. The second surgery was done to evacuate the hemorrhage and to remove the cyst. Serial CT was made after the second surgery with no cyst growth nor hemorrhage present. Only three other pediatric multiple pilocytic astrocytomas have been reported previously, and there were only 11 publications about spontaneous intracystic hemorrhage in pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma. Our review of all previously reported cases found that the patients were predominantly male, and some had a history of neurofibromatosis type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yunus Kuntawi Aji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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12
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Kristiansen I, Strinnholm M, Strömberg B, Frisk P. Clinical characteristics, long-term complications and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and young adults treated for low-grade astrocytoma in the posterior fossa in childhood. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:203-210. [PMID: 30623287 PMCID: PMC6399181 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common brain tumour in childhood but knowledge concerning its long-term outcome is sparse. The aim of the study was to investigate if children treated for low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma in the posterior fossa had complications affecting physical and psychological health, cognitive functions, learning difficulties and HRQoL. METHODS A descriptive single-centre study, where 22 children and young adults out of 27 eligible patients (81%) treated for pilocytic astrocytoma, with a mean follow-up time of 12.4 years (5-19 years) participated (14 adults, two by telephone interviews and eight children). The study included a review of medical records, an interview, neurological investigation, screening tools for psychiatric symptoms (Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and Beck Youth Inventory Scales) and HRQoL measures (RAND-36). RESULTS Motor complications were most common, reported in 12 patients and mainly affecting fine-motor skills. Seven patients reported cognitive difficulties affecting performance in school. Educational support was given in the period immediately after treatment but not after primary school. None had elevated levels of psychiatric symptoms and the level of HRQoL as well as their psychosocial and educational situation was in correspondence with Swedish norms. The HRQoL score for vitality (VT) almost reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The long-term functional outcome for children treated for low-grade astrocytoma is favourable. However, some patients report neurological complications and learning difficulties, which are unmet in school. Therefore, there is a need to identify those who need more thorough medical and cognitive follow-up programmes including interventions in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Kristiansen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Childrens' Hospital, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Strinnholm
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Childrens' Hospital, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Strömberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Childrens' Hospital, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Frisk
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Childrens' Hospital, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
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