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Zheng G, Wang D, Mao K, Wang M, Wang J, Xun W, Huang S. Exploring the Rumen Microbiota and Serum Metabolite Profile of Hainan Black Goats with Different Body Weights before Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:425. [PMID: 38338068 PMCID: PMC10854652 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The critical role of the rumen microbiota in the growth performance of livestock is recognized, yet its significance in determining the body weight of goat kids before weaning remains less understood. To bridge this gap, our study delved into the rumen microbiota, serum metabolome, rumen fermentation, and rumen development in goat kids with contrasting body weights before weaning. We selected 10 goat kids from a cohort of 100, categorized into low body weight (LBW, 5.56 ± 0.98 kg) and high body weight (HBW, 9.51 ± 1.01 kg) groups. The study involved sampling rumen contents, tissues, and serum from these animals. Our findings showed that the HBW goat kids showed significant enrichment of VFA-producing bacteria, particularly microbiota taxa within the Prevotellaceae genera (UCG-001, UCG-003, and UCG-004) and the Prevotella genus. This enrichment correlated with elevated acetate and butyrate levels, positively influencing rumen papillae development. Additionally, it was associated with elevated serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The serum metabonomic analysis revealed marked differences in fatty acid metabolism between the LBW and HBW groups, particularly in encompassing oleic acid and both long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further correlational analysis underscored a significant positive association between Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and specific lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:5/18:3) and PC (20:3/20:1) (r > 0.60, p < 0.05). In summary, this study underscores the pivotal role of the rumen microbiota in goat kids' weight and its correlation with specific serum metabolites. These insights could pave the way for innovative strategies aimed at improving animal body weight through targeted modulation of the rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Huang
- Forage Processing and Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Z.)
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Lv X, Chen L, Zhou C, Zhang G, Xie J, Kang J, Tan Z, Tang S, Kong Z, Liu Z, Du Z. Application of different proportions of sweet sorghum silage as a substitute for corn silage in dairy cows. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3575-3587. [PMID: 37324908 PMCID: PMC10261775 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment explored the effects of different proportions of sweet sorghum silage as a substitute for corn silage on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk quality, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, serum amino acid profile, and rumen microbial composition of dairy cows. A total of 32 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parities were randomly divided into four treatments: 100% corn silage +0% sorghum silage (CON), 75% corn silage +25% sorghum silage (CS1), 50% corn silage +50% sorghum silage (CS2), and 25% corn silage +75% sorghum silage (CS3). The milk yield was increased (linear, p = .048) as the proportion of sweet sorghum increased. Linear (p = .003) and quadratic (p = .046) increased effects were observed in milk fat as corn silage was replaced with sorghum silage. Compared with the CON diet group, the CS2 and CS3 diet groups had lower dry matter (DM) (linear, p < .001), ether extract (EE) (linear, p < .001), and gross energy (GE) (linear, p = .001) digestibility of the dairy cows. The ruminal fluid aspartate (Asp) level decreased (linear, p = .003) as the proportion of sweet sorghum increased. Linear (p < .05) and quadratic (p < .05) increased effects were observed for the contents of threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), tyrosine (Tyr), and histidine (His) in rumen fluid with the replacement of corn silage with sorghum silage. Cows fed the CS3 diet had greater Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, and Prevotella ruminicola content/copy number than those fed the CON diet (p < .05). In conclusion, feeding sorghum silage as a replacement for corn silage could increase the milk yield and fat, promote the growth of rumen microbes, and provide more rumen fluid amino acids for the body and microbial utilization. We believe that sorghum silage is feasible for dairy cows, and it is reasonable to replace corn silage with 75% sorghum silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
- College of Advanced AgriculturalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Liang Chen
- Research Institute of Rural Revitalization StrategyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoning110866China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
- College of Advanced AgriculturalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of AgricultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanNingxia750021China
| | - Guijie Zhang
- School of AgricultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanNingxia750021China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
| | - Jinhe Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
| | - Zhiwei Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
- College of Advanced AgriculturalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zixin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China
- College of Advanced AgriculturalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhiyan Du
- Hunan Longping Hi‐Tech Cultivated and Restoration Technology Co., LtdChangshaHunan410125China
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Wang W, Wang Y, Guo T, Gao C, Yang Y, Yang L, Cui Z, Mao J, Liu N, An X, Qi J. Blend of Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol, and Capsicum Oleoresin Improved Rumen Health of Lambs Fed High-Concentrate Diet as Revealed by Fermentation Characteristics, Epithelial Gene Expression, and Bacterial Community. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101663. [PMID: 37238093 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of CEC on the fermentation characteristics, epithelial gene expression, and bacterial community in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Twenty-four 3-month-old female crossbred lambs with an initial body weight of 30.37 ± 0.57 kg were randomly allocated to consume a diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg CEC (CEC) or not (CON). The experiment consisted of a 14 d adaptation period and a 60 d data collection period. Compared with the CON group, the CEC group had higher ADG, epithelial cell thickness, ruminal butyrate proportion, and lower ammonia nitrogen concentration. Increases in the mRNA expression of Occludin and Claudin-4, as well as decreases in the mRNA expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), cytochrome c (Cyt-C), Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were observed in the CEC group. Moreover, CEC treatment also decreased the concentration of IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α. Supplementation with CEC altered the structure and composition of the rumen bacterial community, which was indicated by the increased relative abundances of Firmicutes, Synergistota, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Olsenella, Schwartzia, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Acetitomaculum, [Eubacterium]_ruminantium_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Sphaerochaeta, Pyramidobacter, and [Eubacterium]_eligens_group, and the decreased relative abundances of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, and MND1. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the altered rumen bacteria were closely correlated with rumen health-related indices. Dietary CEC supplementation improved growth performance, reduced inflammation and apoptosis, protected barrier function, and modulated the bacterial community of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chang Gao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jinju Mao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
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Dhakal R, Copani G, Cappellozza BI, Milora N, Hansen HH. The Effect of Direct-Fed Microbials on In-Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Grass or Maize Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct-fed microbial products (DFM) are probiotics that can be used advantageously in ruminant production. The in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) is a method to simulate rumen fermentation and can be used to measure degradation, gas production, and products of fermentation of such additives. However, inter-laboratory differences have been reported. Therefore, tests using the same material were used to validate laboratory reproducibility. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of adding two DFM formulations on fermentation kinetics, methane (CH4) production, and feed degradation in two different basal feeds while validating a newly established IVGPT laboratory. Six treatments, with three replicates each, were tested simultaneously at the established IVGPT lab at the University of Copenhagen, and the new IVGPT lab at Chr. Hansen Laboratories. Maize silage (MS) and grass silage (GS) were fermented with and without the following DFM: P1: Ligilactobacillus animalis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (total 1.5 × 107 CFU/mL), P2: P1 with added Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis (total 5.9 × 107 CFU/mL). The DFM were anaerobically incubated in rumen fluid and buffer with freeze-dried silage samples for 48 h. Total gas production (TGP: mL at Standard Temperature and Pressure/gram of organic matter), pH, organic matter degradability (dOM), CH4concentration (MC) and yield (MY), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and profiles were measured after fermentation. No significant differences between the laboratories were detected for any response variables. The dOM of MS (78.3%) was significantly less than GS (81.4%), regardless of the DFM added (P1 and P2). There were no significant differences between the effects of the DFM within the feed type. MS produced significantly more gas than GS after 48 h, but GS with DFM produced significantly more gas at 3 and 9 h and a similar gas volume at 12 h. Both DFM increased TGP significantly in GS at 48 h. There was no difference in total VFA production. However, GS with and without probiotics produced significantly more propionic acid and less butyric acid than MS with and without probiotics. Adding P2 numerically reduced the total methane yield by 4–6% in both MS and GS. The fermentation duration of 48 h, used to determine maximum potential dOM, may give misleading results. This study showed that it is possible to standardize the methodology to achieve reproducibility of IVGPT results. Furthermore, the results suggest that the P2 DFM may have the potential to reduce CH4 production without affecting organic matter degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Dhakal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Copani
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bruno Ieda Cappellozza
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Nina Milora
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Hanne Helene Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Hung YHR, Lin HJ, Lee EC, Lu WJ, Lin YT, Huang BB, Lin TC, Lin HTV. Effect of lemon essential oil on the microbial control, physicochemical properties, and aroma profiles of peeled shrimp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li X, Zhao Y, Xu A, Chang H, Lin G, Li R. Conductive biochar promotes oxygen utilization to inhibit greenhouse gas emissions during electric field-assisted aerobic composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156929. [PMID: 35753460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The insufficient oxygen supply in partial materials commonly results in significant greenhouse gas emissions during composting, which is essentially attributed to the poor electron transfer in the composting systems. Electric field-assisted aerobic composting (EAC) is considered effective in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, but the poor conductivity of composting materials hampers its efficiency and applicability. In this study, conductive biochar was added in the EAC system to investigate its effects on the performance and greenhouse gas emissions during the composting processes. In the system of EAC with biochar, the electrochemical properties, O2 utilization and composting performance were improved compared to the systems without biochar or assisted electric field. The maximum current of EAC with biochar was 0.32 A, higher than that without biochar (0.28A). Particularly, the peak concentrations of CH4 and N2O in the EAC system with biochar were 0.86 mg·kg-1 and 1.43 mg·kg-1, which were 45 % and 27 % lower than those in the EAC without biochar, respectively. The direct global warming potential attributed to CO2, CH4, and N2O was 3.96 g CO2-equivalent·kg-1 dry mass, providing a 31.6 % reduction compared to conventional composting. Microbial analyses revealed that biochar increased the relative abundance of electroactive bacteria including Bacillus, Tepidimicrobium and Corynebacterium. In contrast, the abundances of potential nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial species of Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus were significantly lowered in the biochar-assisted EAC system (11.35 %). The results showed that the addition of biochar was able to promote the electrical conductivity of composting materials and accelerate the organic oxidation process by increasing O2 consumption, and accordingly change the dominant microbial community on both composting and biochar particles. This study verified the mechanism of the effectiveness of biochar in greenhouse gas control in composting processes, and thus provided evidence for facilitating the sustainable development of composting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ankun Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiming Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangnv Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Wu Y, Ren A, Lv X, Ran T, Zhang G, Zhou C, Tan Z. Effects of Galactomannan Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance, Mycotoxin Detoxification, Serum Biochemistry, and Hematology of Goats Fed Mycotoxins-Contaminated Diets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852251. [PMID: 35812860 PMCID: PMC9263622 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of mycotoxin adsorbent galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, mycotoxins residues, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress parameters of the goats. The in vitro test indicated that 0.05% GMOS outperformed yeast cell wall (YCW) and montmorillonite (MMT) in aflatoxins absorption. Then 20 3-month-old Xiangdong black goats (15.0 ± 1.9 kg) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments for the animal test. The control group (CON group) was fed a multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet, whereas the experimental group (GMOS group) received multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet plus 0.05% GMOS. The trail lasted for 60 days, with 12 days of adaptation period and 48 days of formal experiment period. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.10) on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The concentrations of zearalenone in the rumen were lower (P < 0.05) in the GMOS group. GMOS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) propionate concentration in the cecum, resulting in a rise (P < 0.01) in acetate/propionate ratio in GMOS as compared to CON. Goats of GMOS exhibited considerably greater (P < 0.05) levels of creatine kinase but lower (P = 0.02) levels of creatinine than CON. Compared with CON, GMOS supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) platelet count (PLT), platelet volume distribution width (PDW), and platelet hematocrit (PCT), while decreased (P < 0.05) albumin content (ALB). The 0.05% GMOS protected goats in ruminal fermentation parameters, mycotoxins residues and serum biochemistry. Moreover, GMOS had no adverse effect on goat health. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GMOS in small ruminants. These findings suggested the feasibility of dietary GMOS as a health-maintaining addictive in goat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ran
- College of Pastoral Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Ran
| | - Guijie Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
- Chuanshe Zhou
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
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Zhu J, Ren A, Jiao J, Shen W, Yang L, Zhou C, Tan Z. Effects of Non-Protein Nitrogen Sources on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Diversity. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.891898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the effects of non-protein nitrogen sources on fermentation parameters and microbial diversity were explored using three fistula goats as rumen fluid donors. The experiments involved six fermenters in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary non-protein sources [ammonium chloride (A), biuret (B), and glutamine (G)] as treatment factors. A dual-flow continuous culture fermentation system was used. Microbial protein content in group B was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen concentration significantly differed among the three groups (P < 0.01), following the order of G > A > B group. The acetate-to-propionate ratio in group G was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.01). At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria, Elusimicrobia, and Armatimonadetes were the highest in group G, being significantly higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Overall, glutamine shifted the fermentation pathway from acetate to propionate, and the lower microbial crude protein content and relative abundances of the major fiber-degrading bacteria Ruminococcus_1 and protein-degrading bacteria Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 in group B indicate that biuret is not suitable as a dietary non-protein nitrogen source.
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Wang B, Sun H, Wang D, Liu H, Liu J. Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows: A review from the perspective of systems biology. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:240-248. [PMID: 35600542 PMCID: PMC9097690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu Z, Yan F, Mi H, Lv X, Wang K, Li B, Jin T, Chen L, Zhang G, Huang X, Zhou C, Tan Z. N-Carbamoylglutamate Supplementation on the Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Milk Quality, Antioxidant Parameters, and Metabolites of Jersey Cattle in High-Altitude Areas. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:848912. [PMID: 35445104 PMCID: PMC9014120 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.848912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of the dietary supplementation of N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG) on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk quality, oxidative stress, and metabolites in the plasma and feces of Jersey cattle under high altitude with the hypoxic condition. A total of 14 healthy lactating Jersey dairy cows with similar body conditions were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group (CON group, N = 6 replicates) was fed with a conventional complete diet, whereas the experimental group (NCG group, N = 8 replicates) received 20 g/d per head NCG supplementation. The experiment lasted for 60 days, the adaptation period was 12 days, and the formal experiment period was 48 days. Except that the NCG group showed an upward trend in dry matter intake (DMI) (p = 0.09) and the fermentation parameters, the molar proportion of butyric acid tended to decrease (p = 0.08); the two groups had no significant differences (p > 0.05) in nutrients digestibility, plasma immunity, and antioxidant ability. However, compared with the CON group, the milk fat rate and blood oxygen saturation of the NCG group showed an upward trend (p = 0.09). For indexes associated with altitude stress, the contents of thyroxine, transferrin, and endothelin both decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the NCG group. Meanwhile, heat shock protein (p = 0.07) and aldosterone (p = 0.06) also showed a downward trend. A total of 114 different metabolites were identified from feces and plasma, 42 metabolites were derived from plasma that mainly included 5 kinds of Super Class, and 72 metabolites were derived from feces that mainly included 9 kinds of Super Class. The significantly increased plasma differential metabolites were 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate and salicyluric acid, and the significantly increased fecal differential metabolites were Butenafine (fold change > 2). Pathway analysis showed that after applying NCG as a feed additive, the changes of the Jersey dairy cows mainly focused on amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. These results indicated that adding NCG to the diet can prevent the hypoxic stress state of lactating Jersey cows in high-altitude areas and has a tendency to improve milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution CON and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyong Yan
- Hunan Jiuding Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution CON and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution CON and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Animal Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Institute of Animal Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution CON and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guijie Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ximei Huang
- Changsha Green Top Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution CON and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China.,School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution CON and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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11
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Wang W, Wang Y, Cui Z, Yang Y, An X, Qi J. Fermented Wheat Bran Polysaccharides Intervention Alters Rumen Bacterial Community and Promotes Rumen Development and Growth Performance in Lambs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:841406. [PMID: 35433917 PMCID: PMC9007612 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.841406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the utilization of plant polysaccharides for the modulation of the rumen bacterial community and enhancement of growth performance in ruminants. Fermented wheat bran polysaccharides (FWBPs), plant polysaccharides, have been shown to improve the growth performance of lambs, but little is known about their effect on rumen bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FWBPs supplementation to milk replacer (MR) on the growth performance, blood metabolites, weight and morphology of rumen, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial community which were investigated in lambs. Twelve 1.5-month-old crossbred lambs (Dorper × Small-tailed Han Sheep) with an initial body weight (BW) of 11.38 ± 0.19 kg were randomly divided into two groups, namely, the control group and FWBPs group. Compared with the control group, the FWBPs group had a higher average daily weight gain and serum total protein concentrations, and a lower feed: gain ratio. A tendency of increase in final BW and carcass BW was also observed. Administration of FWBPs increased the ruminal papillae width and ruminal butyrate proportion and decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the proportion of isobutyrate and isovalerate. In addition, the epithelial cell thickness had an increased trend in the FWBPs group. High-throughput sequencing data showed that the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Solobacterium was enhanced by FWBP treatment; meanwhile, the relative abundance of NK4A214_group, Megasphaera, and Treponema showed a tendency to be higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundances of NK4A214_group, Treponema, and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were positively correlated with butyrate proportion. Collectively, FWBPs supplementation to MR on lambs altered the rumen bacterial community, promoted rumen development, and improved growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Wang
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
- Xiaoping An
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
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Chen L, Mi H, Li B, Liu Y, Zhou C, Ren A, Tan Z, Kong Z, Fang R, Zhang G. Offering soybean molasses adsorbed to agricultural by-products improved lactation performance through modulating plasma metabolic enzyme pool of lactating cows. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6447-6457. [PMID: 34925776 PMCID: PMC8645711 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural by-products, such as corncob powder (CRP), wheat bran (WB), rice husk (RH), defatted bran (DB), and soybean hulls (SH), were widely used as ruminant feed. However, the combination effect of soybean molasses mixed with agricultural by-products on cow lactating performance remains poorly understood. METHODS In vitro fermentation simulation technique was used to select the high ruminal fermentation performance of agricultural by-products mixed with soybean molasses. The selected mixtures were conducted to further explore the feeding effect on milk performance and blood metabolic enzyme on lactating dairy cows. RESULTS In in vitro simulation, it was confirmed that SH-SM showed better fermentation performance (including higher maximum gas production, acetate, propionate, and total VFA, but less initial fractional rate of degradation) than other four molasses-adsorbents, while WB-SM had the greatest DM and NDF disappearance and NH3-N and butyrate concentrations among substrates. After the simulation selection, we performed the feed experiment with SH-SM and WB-SM compared to the control. For lactating performance, higher (p < .01) milk fat and total milk solid content were observed in WB-SM, and a tendency improvement of milk protein content (p < .01) was observed in both of the cows fed with WB-SM and SH-SM. Among lactating periods, the blood glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, α-amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase which associated with amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were improved in lactating dairy cows fed with WB-SM and SH-SM. CONCLUSION Dietary agricultural by-products (like wheat bran and soybean hulls) mixed with soybean molasses enhance the lactating performance of dairy cows by improving the host metabolism process of amino acids and carbohydrates. The mixed strategy for agricultural by-products shows another strong evidence for the resource reuse on dairy industry and reducing the by-product pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hui Mi
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Animal Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasaChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Ao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Zhiwei Kong
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ge Zhang
- Feng Yi (Shanghai) BiotechnologyR&D Center co. LTDShanghaiChina
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Manipulation of Rice Straw Silage Fermentation with Different Types of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant Affects Rumen Microbial Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8060100. [PMID: 34199943 PMCID: PMC8226620 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8060100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial inoculants are known to improve the quality of silage. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; L. plantarum, L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. brevi, and S. bovis) inoculation (106 cfu/ DM) on rice straw silage quality and to determine these effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestibility and microbial populations in an in vitro condition. Inoculated rice straw was ensiled for 15 and 30 days. For the in vitro study, rumen fluid was obtained from three rumen-fistulated bulls fed on mixed forage and concentrate at 60:40 ratio twice daily. Inoculation with LAB improved (p < 0.05) the rice straw silage quality as indicated by higher dry matter and crude protein contents, decreased pH and butyric acid, and increased propionic acid and LAB numbers, especially after 30 days of ensiling. Results from the in vitro study revealed that starting with the addition of LAB to rice straw silage improved in vitro fermentation characteristics such as increased total volatile fatty acids and dry matter digestibility (p < 0.05). LAB treatments also decreased methane production and methane/total gas ratio after 15 and 30 days of ensiling. From the rumen microbial population perspective, cellulolytic, and fungal zoospores were enhanced, while protozoa and methanogens were decreased by the LAB treatments. Based on these results, it could be concluded that inoculating rice straw silage with LAB (especially for L. plantarum and S. bovis) improved silage quality, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial populations in vitro.
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Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Nutritive Value and In Vitro Ruminal Digestibility of Maize and Rice Straw Silage. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on nutritive value and in vitro rumen digestibility of maize and rice straw silages. Two identical experiments were carried out for each of the two silages. A total of five treatments were used for each experiment: (1) negative control (NC); (2) positive control (PC); (3) Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL); (4) L. paracasei (LPA); and (5) L. acidophilus (LA). Each treatment was then divided into four ensiling periods: 3, 7, 20, and 40 days with three replications. The LPL treatment had significantly higher dry matter (DM), lower ammonia-N, and a lower number of fungi on maize silage after 40 days (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the LA treatment increased DM and CP content, reduced NDF and ADF contents compared to NC, and also produced more lactic acid compared to the other LAB-treated rice straw silages. Results of the in vitro rumen fermentation of maize silages showed no significant differences in DMD after LAB inoculation. However, higher DMD and ruminal ammonia-N were shown by rice straw ensiled with L. acidophilus. In conclusion, silage additives, which could improve the ensiling process of maize and rice straw, appeared to be different and substrate specific.
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Zhou XL, Ouyang Z, Zhang XL, Wei YQ, Tang SX, Tan ZL, Wang CJ, He ZX, Teklebrhan T, Han XF. Effects of a high-dose Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum on the nutritional composition and fermentation traits of maize silage. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
The inoculation of silage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to deliver viable yeast cells is a novel concept.
Aims
The effects of a high-dose S. cerevisiae inoculum alone or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on the nutritional composition, fermentation traits and aerobic stability of maize silage were studied after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage.
Methods
Whole-crop maize (309.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg as fed) was subjected to one of three treatments: deionised water (untreated control); S. cerevisiae at an estimated concentration of 108 CFU/g fresh forage (S); or S. cerevisiae at an estimated concentration of 108 CFU/g and L. plantarum at an estimated concentration of 105 CFU/g of fresh forage (SL).
Key results
Compared with the control, the S and SL groups showed increases (P < 0.001) in average pH (3.98 in S and 4.01 in SL vs 3.65 in the control), crude protein (85 g/kg DM in S and 80 g/kg DM in SL vs 63 g/kg DM in the control) and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (122.2 g/kg in S and 163.9 g/kg in SL vs 52.9 g/kg in the control) but a lower (P < 0.001) average concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate (0.9 g/kg DM in S and 0.7 g/kg DM in SL vs 2.3 g/kg DM in the control). The levels of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were greater (P < 0.001) in S silage than in the control and SL silages, and the hemicellulose level was lower (P = 0.004) in the SL group than the control and S groups. Starch and aerobic stability were unaffected by treatment, and the average lactate and ethanol concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in the S (53.7 g lactate/kg DM and 28.7 g ethanol/kg DM) and SL (56.9 g lactate/kg DM and 21.4 g ethanol/kg DM) groups than the control (40.1 g lactate/kg DM and 5.3 g ethanol/kg DM) over 90 days of ensiling.
Conclusions
Overall, a high-dose inoculum of S. cerevisiae alone or combined with L. plantarum affected the nutritional composition and fermentation traits of maize silage.
Implications
The inoculation of maize silage with a high dose of S. cerevisiae needs to be performed with caution.
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Sweet Corn Stalk Treated with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Alone or in Combination with Lactobacillus Plantarum: Nutritional Composition, Fermentation Traits and Aerobic Stability. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090598. [PMID: 31450836 PMCID: PMC6770685 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a high-dose Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculant alone or jointly with Lactobacillus plantarum on nutrient preservation, fermentation quality, and aerobic stability of sweet corn stalk silage. Fresh stalks (231 g dry matter (DM)/kg) were chopped and subjected to the following treatments: (1) deionized water (Uninoculated; U); (2) S. cerevisiae at 1 × 108 cfu/g of fresh forage (S); and (3) S. cerevisiae at 1 × 108 cfu/g plus L. plantarum at 1 × 105 cfu/g (SL). Treated stalks were ensiled in 5-litre laboratory silos for 30, 60, and 90 d. The S and SL silages had a greater (p < 0.001) pH and greater crude protein, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and ethanol contents at all three ensiling periods than the U silage. Acetate, propionate and volatile fatty acids in the S and SL silages after 30 and 90 d of ensiling were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the U silage, but they were lower (p < 0.05) in the S and SL silages than in the U silage after 60 d. The lactate and V-score of the S and SL silages were lower (p < 0.001) than those of the U silage at all three ensiling periods. Compared with the U group, the aerobic stability of the S silage after 90 d of ensiling decreased (p < 0.05), and the aerobic stability of the SL silage was unaffected (p > 0.05). Overall, the quality of sweet corn stalk silage was not improved by inoculation with 108 cfu/g of S. cerevisiae alone or in combination with 1 × 105 cfu/g of L. plantarum.
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Wang Y, Meng Z, Guo J, Wang W, Duan Y, Hao X, Wang R, An X, Qi J. Effect of wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides on the performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status and rumen fermentation of lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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