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Oh SM, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Mun JY, Moturi J, Tajudeen H, Choi YH, Lee SH, Kim JS. Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:73-83. [PMID: 38333572 PMCID: PMC10851196 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress adversely affects sows' performance, which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows' reproductive performance, metabolic response during gestation, and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress (average room temperature of 27.1 °C). Fifty-four multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight of 236.3 ± 16 kg; 2, 3 and 4 parities) at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (9 sows/treatment), involving 2 dietary fiber levels (4.5% and 6% crude fiber) and 3 dietary fiber sources (wheat bran [WB], palm kernel meal [PK], and beet pulp [BP]). Sows fed the BP diet had highest (P < 0.01) feed intake and constipation index and lowest (P < 0.01) farrowing duration. Piglet weight (P = 0.041) and litter weight (P < 0.01) at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment. Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest (P < 0.01) digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest (P < 0.01) in the PK treatment. Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK. Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest (P = 0.036) hair cortisol. The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher (P = 0.026) in the high fiber (6%) treatment compared with the low fiber (4.5%) treatment at 90 min and 120 min after the meal. The concentration of phthalic acid, succinic acid, phenylethylamine, hydrocinnamic acid, iron, linoleic acid, glycerol, ketone, and formamide were increased (P < 0.05) in the BP treatment compared with the WB. The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index, farrowing duration, and litter performance, while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal temperature. Therefore, both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are necessary to be added to the diet of gestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Choi YH, Min YJ, Jeon DY, Jin HJ, Jeong YD, Park HJ, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Mun JY, Kim JS, Kim JE. Beet pulp as soluble fiber source and dietary energy levels for growing pigs under heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:989-1001. [PMID: 37969341 PMCID: PMC10640937 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of dietary fiber and energy levels administered during two growing periods (d 0-28 and d 29-56) for pigs exposed to a high temperature. A total of 96 growing pigs were used in six treatments as: Two treatments in thermoneutral temperature (21°C-24°C) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, two treatments in heat stress (30°C-34°C) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, and two treatments in heat stress with dietary energy of 3,450 and the inclusion of high or low fiber. Among standard energy level treatments, heat-stressed pigs showed lower average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, and crude fiber in phases 1 and 2. Moreover, higher concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in feces were shown in pigs fed high fiber diets. There was a negative interaction between dietary fiber and energy for the fecal concentration of isobutyrate in phase 1 and valerate in phase 2. Pigs in heat stress treatments showed a higher rectal temperature, respiratory rate, hair cortisol, plasma zonulin, and fecal lipocalin-2. Among heat stress treatments, the overall ADG was increased in pigs fed high fiber. Pigs fed high dietary fiber showed a greater concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA. High fiber treatments decreased plasma zonulin. In conclusion, the inclusion of beet pulp, soluble fiber, at the level of 4% looks necessary in pigs diet during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Min
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Jeon
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Jin
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Yong Dae Jeong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Park
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jo Eun Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
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Rao ZX, Coble KF, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, D. Goodband R, Gebhardt JT. Effect of different sow lactation feeder types and drip cooling on sow bodyweight, litter performance, and feeder cleaning criteria. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad040. [PMID: 37250346 PMCID: PMC10209010 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 600 sows (line 3; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used to evaluate the effect of different lactation feeder types and drip cooling on sow farrowing performance and litter growth performance during the summer. For the feeder evaluation, the trial was conducted in two sequential groups with 300 sows per group. Five 60-farrowing-stall rooms with tunnel ventilation were used for each group. On approximately days 110 to 112 of gestation, sows were blocked by body condition score (BCS), parity, and offspring sire (lines 2 or 3 sires; PIC), then randomly allotted to one of three feeder types: 1) PVC tube feeder, 2) Rotecna feeder (Rotecna), or 3) SowMax feeder (Hog Slat). The three feeder types were placed in one of three stalls with the same sequence from the front to the end of all rooms to balance for environmental effects. For drip cooling evaluation, the trial was conducted during the 2nd group of 300 sows. Drippers were blocked in three of every six farrowing stalls to balance feeder type and environmental effects. After farrowing, sows had ad libitum access to feed. For litter performance data, only pigs from sows bred to line 2 sires were recorded. Line 3 sire pigs were not included in litter performance data, but sows of these pigs were included in sow body weight (BW) and feed disappearance data. After weaning, feeder cleaning time was recorded on a subsample of 67 feeders (19, 23, and 25 for PVC tube, Rotecna, and SowMax, respectively). There was no evidence of difference (P > 0.05) in sow entry BW, exit BW, BW change, and litter performance among the different feeder types. However, sows using the SowMax feeders had decreased (P < 0.05) total feed disappearance, average daily feed disappearance, and total feed cost compared to those fed with the PVC tube feeders. There was a marginal difference (P < 0.10) between feeder types in cleaning time, with PVC tube feeders requiring less time than the Rotecna feeders; however, cleaning time varied greatly between the personnel doing the cleaning. Sows with drip cooling had greater (P < 0.05) feed disappearance, litter growth performance, and subsequent total born, and reduced (P < 0.05) BW change. In conclusion, using a SowMax feeder reduced feed disappearance with no effects on sow and litter performance compared to a PVC tube feeder, and drip cooling improved sow and litter performance during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Robert D. Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Oh S, Hosseindoust A, Ha S, Moturi J, Mun J, Tajudeen H, Kim J. Metabolic Responses of Dietary Fiber during Heat Stress: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level of Gestating Sows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040280. [PMID: 35448467 PMCID: PMC9028640 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is an important issue, and the addition of fiber to the diet is an option in modifying intestinal health. This study evaluated the effect of acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels on reproductive performance, intestinal integrity, and metabolism of gestating sows, and its carry-over effect on the lactation period during heat stress. The diets included 4.3% (Low fiber; LF), 5.4% (Medium fiber; MF), and 6.5% (High fiber; HF) ADF. Sows fed the HF diet showed a lower respiratory rate, hair cortisol concentration, and farrowing duration compared with the LF treatment. The HF diet increased the pyruvate, citrate cycle, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and thiamine metabolism compared with the MF. The concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were increased in the sows fed the HF diet. The gene expression of glucose transporter 3 and glucose transporter 4 was increased in the HF treatment. The gene expression of heat shock protein 70 was decreased in the HF treatment. The HF diet during gestation increased feed intake, constipation index, piglet weight, and litter weight compared with the LF. Sows in the LF treatment showed the greatest digestibility of crude protein and the lowest digestibility of ADF. In conclusion, a 6.5% ADF level is recommended for gestating sows during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungMin Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Korea;
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - SangHun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8614
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Kim M, Choi Y, Lee JN, Sa S, Cho HC. A deep learning-based approach for feeding behavior recognition of weanling pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1453-1463. [PMID: 34957458 PMCID: PMC8672269 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Feeding is the most important behavior that represents the health and welfare of
weanling pigs. The early detection of feed refusal is crucial for the control of
disease in the initial stages and the detection of empty feeders for adding feed
in a timely manner. This paper proposes a real-time technique for the detection
and recognition of small pigs using a deep-leaning-based method. The proposed
model focuses on detecting pigs on a feeder in a feeding position. Conventional
methods detect pigs and then classify them into different behavior gestures. In
contrast, in the proposed method, these two tasks are combined into a single
process to detect only feeding behavior to increase the speed of detection.
Considering the significant differences between pig behaviors at different
sizes, adaptive adjustments are introduced into a you-only-look-once (YOLO)
model, including an angle optimization strategy between the head and body for
detecting a head in a feeder. According to experimental results, this method can
detect the feeding behavior of pigs and screen non-feeding positions with
95.66%, 94.22%, and 96.56% average precision (AP) at an intersection over union
(IoU) threshold of 0.5 for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and an additional layer and with the
proposed activation function, respectively. Drinking behavior was detected with
86.86%, 89.16%, and 86.41% AP at a 0.5 IoU threshold for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and the
proposed activation function, respectively. In terms of detection and
classification, the results of our study demonstrate that the proposed method
yields higher precision and recall compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJu Kim
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - YoHan Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - SooJin Sa
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chong Cho
- Dept. of Electronics Engineering and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Nuntapaitoon M, Juthamanee P, Theil PK, Tummaruk P. Impact of sow parity on yield and composition of colostrum and milk in Danish Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105085. [PMID: 32653489 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to characterize the colostrum, milk yield and composition and to determine whether sow parity would influence yield and composition of colostrum and milk in Danish Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows. The data were collected from sow parity numbers 1 (n = 27), 2-4 (n = 48) and 5-6 (n = 30) from Danish Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows reared in a commercial swine herd in Thailand. The piglets were weighed on day 0 (<1 h), 1 (24 h), 3, 10 and 17 after birth to determine the colostrum and milk yields of the sows using a prediction equation. Milk samples were collected manually within 1 h of the onset of parturition and on days 3, 10 and 17 after farrowing to evaluate milk composition. A general linear model procedure was used to analyze the effects of sow parity numbers on colostrum yield and composition and a general linear mixed model procedure was used to analyze the effects of sow parity numbers on yield and composition of milk. The model included the fixed effects of sow parity number and time (day after parturition). The sow parity numbers 2-4 (7.0 kg) had a higher colostrum yield than 1st parity sows (5.4 kg, P = 0.002) and parity 5-6 sows (5.9 kg, P = 0.025). No evidence of parity differences was observed on milk yield (P = 0.306). No effect of sow parity numbers on fat, protein and lactose in milk was observed. The dry matter in sow parity numbers 2-4 (19.8 g/100 g) had a tendency to be higher than sow parity number 1 (18.6 g/100 g, P = 0.107) and 5-6 (18.4 g/ 100 g, P = 0.053). In conclusion, sow parity number had an impact on colostrum yield in Danish Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows in a tropical climate but did not influence colostrum, milk composition and milk yield. Colostrum yield in Danish Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows was the highest in sow parity numbers 2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nuntapaitoon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Swine Reproduction Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - P Juthamanee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - P K Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - P Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Swine Reproduction Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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7
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Kim KY, Choi YH, Hosseindoust A, Kim MJ, Moturi J, Kim TG, Song CH, Lee JH, Chae BJ. Effects of free feeding time system and energy level to improve the reproductive performance of lactating sows during summer. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:356-364. [PMID: 32568269 PMCID: PMC7288228 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive performance of lactating sows was investigated by using
different feeding methods including conventional feeding (CF, 3 times/d) or free
feeding (FF), and different dietary energy level including low energy (LE:
3,300) or high energy (HE: 3,400 kcal/kg) during the hot season. A total of
twenty-eight crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) sows were distributed into
four treatments as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Sows in the FF group
showed lower body weight and backfat loss (p < 0.05)
compared with the CF group. Backfat loss during lactation was lower
(p < 0.05) in sows fed HE diet than in that fed LE
diet. There were no significant differences in litter survival rate and weaning
to estrus interval, but the litter weight at weaning was improved
(p < 0.05) in FF and HE sows. Hence, it is concluded
that using the free-feeding system or increased dietary energy density leads to
improved sow performance during hot ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yeol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Department of Animal Resources Development Swine Science Division, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Song
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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8
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Choi Y, Moturi J, Hosseindoust A, Kim M, Kim K, Lee J, Song C, Kim Y, Chae B. Night feeding in lactating sows is an essential management approach to decrease the detrimental impacts of heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:333-339. [PMID: 31844543 PMCID: PMC6906131 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows had
different feeding frequencies during summer season. A total of 60 crossbred
multiparous sows was allotted to one of two treatments based on body weight (BW)
according to a completely randomized design. Two different feeding frequencies
based on NRC (National Research Council) were applied as conventional feeding
(T1; 2 kg per meal at 06:00, 11:00, and 17:00) and night feeding (T2; 1.5 kg per
meal at 06:00, 11:00, 17:00, and 2 kg at 22:00). Sows in T2 treatment had lower
(p < 0.05) BW changes during lactation. The backfat
thickness change of sows was decreased in T2 treatment during lactation
(p < 0.05). The daily feed intake differed significantly
between T1 and T2 with increased feed intake of the T2 group at 5.47 kg/d to
5.14 kg/d in the T1 group (p < 0.05). There was a
significant difference in total weight of weaned piglets between T1 (70.50 kg)
and T2 (74.34 kg). A greater total litter weight gain was observed in sows in T2
treatment. Night feeding is suggested for lactating sows with significant
beneficial effects on litter growth during summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoHan Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - MinJu Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - KwangYeol Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - JunHyung Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - ChangHyun Song
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - YoungHwa Kim
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - ByungJo Chae
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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9
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Jeon SM, Hosseindoust A, Choi YH, Kim MJ, Kim KY, Lee JH, Kil DY, Kim BG, Chae BJ. Comparative standardized ileal amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy contents of main feed ingredients for growing pigs when adding dietary β-mannanase. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2019; 5:359-365. [PMID: 31890912 PMCID: PMC6920393 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to test whether the dietary supplementation of β-mannanase affects amino acids (AA) digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn, wheat, soybean meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and palm kernel meal (PKM), nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of pigs. In Exp. 1, 22 cannulated pigs were used for 10 dietary treatments including 5 feed ingredients and 2 β-mannanase concentrations (0 and 0.5 g/kg of the diet) in 6 periods in an incomplete Latin square design to determine the AA and energy digestibility. In Exp. 2, 200 growing pigs were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 2 nutrient levels (high and low) and 2 concentrations of β-mannanase (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) in 2 phases (phase 1, d 0 to 21; and phase 2, d 22 to 42). In Exp. 1, β-mannanase increased the mean standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in all feed ingredients. The amount of digestible energy was increased (P < 0.05) in β-mannanase-treated PKM. Pigs fed β-mannanase showed a greater (P < 0.05) digestibility of gross energy (GE). The feed-to-gain (F:G) ratio was improved (P < 0.01) in pigs fed high-nutrient diets. Pigs fed β-mannanase in the diets had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain and F:G. In phase 2, the concentration of fecal ammonia was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed β-mannanase. Considering the 2 experiments, it can be concluded that β-mannanase increases the SID of AA, which has to be considered in balancing the rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Min Jeon
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, South Korea
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
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