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de Castro VCG, Budel JCDC, Rodrigues TCGDC, Silva BA, Joset WCL, de Lima ACS, Souza SM, Bessa RJB, Alves SPA, da Silva JAR, Joele MRSP, Maciel e Silva AG, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Lambs supplemented with Amazonian oilseed co-products: Meat quality and fatty acid profile. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293897. [PMID: 38113204 PMCID: PMC10729964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazon has a wide variety of oilseeds that generate a huge amount of co-products with potential for use in animal nutrition. The objective was to use alternative resources (oilseed cakes) in the feeding of lambs to assign a sustainable destination to this biomass, and evaluate its influence on the quality and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. Twenty-four lambs, male, castrated, crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês, weighing 30 ± 1.3 kg of initial body weight, were distributed in a completely randomized design in 4 treatments (diets) with six replications (animals). The control diet (Control) contained corn and soybean meal as main ingredients, which were partially replaced in the other diets by cupuassu cake diet (Cup), palm kernel cake diet (Palm) and tucuma cake diet (Tuc). The inclusion of Amazon cakes influences the lipid (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.01) composition of meat (longissimus lumborum); reduces cooking losses (P < 0.01); influences the colors (L, a, b), chroma, and Hue Angle (P < 0.01); promotes changes in total FA composition and FA profile (P < 0.05); reduces hypocholesterolemic FA (h) (P = 0.01), but does not influence hypercholesterolemic (H) and indices h:H, AI and TI (P > 0.05). The inclusion of oilseed cakes influences the chemical composition, physical parameters, composition and fatty acid profile of the meat, but does not influence the indicators of atherogenicity, thrombogenicity and cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna Almeida Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Shirley Motta Souza
- Federal Institute of the South of Minas Gerais, Machado, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rui José Branquinho Bessa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suzana Paula Almeida Alves
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Lunesu MF, Battacone G, Mellino MR, Carta S, Pulina G, Nudda A. The heavy suckling lamb of Sarda dairy sheep and its crossbreed with Dorper rams: Performance, meat quality and consumer perceptions. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109234. [PMID: 37295034 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase of meat production in dairy sheep farms, has been evaluated by the extension of the suckling period from the traditional 28 days to 75 days to obtain a new product, the heavy suckling lamb. Nineteen single-born Sarda (S) lambs (10 male, 9 female) and 20 single-born Dorper x Sarda (DS) lambs (9 male, 11 female), randomly selected from autumn lambing season, were fed exclusively with maternal milk until slaughtering at 20 ± 0.28 kg of body weight (BW, mean ± standard deviation, SD) and approximately 11 weeks of age. Body weight were recorded at birth and every 15 days until slaughter to estimate average daily gain (ADG). At slaughter, carcass measurements, pH and colour traits were recorded from the left side of the carcass. Proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, cooking and drip losses were evaluated using the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle. In addition, Visual Panel Test (VPT) and Taste Panel Test (TPT) were performed. Experimental results evidenced that ADG did not differ between pure and crossbreed lambs and between sexes. The S lamb carcasses showed a higher fat content and rib fat thickness compared to that of crossbreed. No significant differences were found between genetic types and sex for colour and pH determinations, cooking and drip losses, whereas LTL fat of DS displayed a higher nutritional FA profile with higher content of 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3, branched-chain FA, and odd- and branched chain FA. No differences emerged during VPT and TPT, demonstrating that both DS and S lamb meats present no distinguishable visual and eating quality characteristics. The production of heavy suckling lambs from Sarda and Dorper crossbreed by the extension of suckling period appeared a promising strategy for producing meat of high quality, well appreciated by the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianni Battacone
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Mellino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Carta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Nudda A, Bee G, Correddu F, Lunesu MF, Cesarani A, Rassu SPG, Pulina G, Battacone G. Linseed supplementation during uterine and early post-natal life markedly affects fatty acid profiles of brain, liver and muscle of lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2038039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bee
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences ILS, Posieux, 1725, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Correddu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mondina Francesca Lunesu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cesarani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pier Giacomo Rassu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianni Battacone
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Rodrigues TCGC, Santos SA, Cirne LGA, dos S Pina D, Alba HDR, de Araújo MLGML, Silva WP, Nascimento CO, Rodrigues CS, de Carvalho GGP. Palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets improves animal performance without affecting the meat quality of goat kids. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Context
Goat farming is an important socio-economic activity. The feedlot system allows the finishing of the animals in short periods through use of concentrated diets; however, these diets increase the system’s production costs. Palm kernel cake (PKC) has proved to be a good alternative feed source in diets for cattle and sheep because of its nutritional characteristics and potential to reduce production costs.
Aim
This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of high-concentrate diets with the inclusion of PKC on carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot goat kids.
Methods
Thirty-two crossbred, castrated Boer goat kids, 4
months old and of average initial body weight 19.65±3.00kg, were used in the study. The animals were assigned to treatments in a completely randomised design, with four experimental diets containing PKC at 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% on a dry matter basis. Measurements included total weight gain at slaughter, quantitative and sensory meat characteristics, and fatty acid profile.
Key results
A quadratic effect (P<0.05) on total weight gain, and on meat marbling, lightness, and yellowness, was observed. The highest total weight gain and marbling were recorded with the diet containing 12% PKC. Loin eye area was also highest at 12% PKC, then decreased, whereas protein content and shear force increased (P<0.05) at the higher PKC levels. Diet affected (P<0.05) saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. No effect was observed from the inclusion of PKC on sensory attributes or on nutritional quality of the lipid fraction of the meat.
Conclusion
It is recommended the use up to 12% of this alternative source of nutrients, owing to the higher total weight gain and improved quantitative aspects of the goat kids’ meat such as marbling and loin eye area.
Implications
High-concentrate diets and the use of by-products for animal nutrition have become common in animal production systems. The increasing use of PKC in animal nutrition leads us to determine the best dietary inclusion level, avoiding undesirable production or product quality characteristics.
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Effect of Dams and Suckling Lamb Feeding Systems on the Fatty Acid Composition of Suckling Lamb Meat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113142. [PMID: 34827874 PMCID: PMC8614422 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the dams and suckling lamb feeding systems on the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb meat are reviewed in this article. The suckling lamb can be considered a functional monogastric, and therefore, its meat FA composition is strongly influenced by the FA composition of maternal milk. The major source of variation for ewe milk FA composition is represented by pasture amount and type. In the traditional sheep breeding system of the Mediterranean area, the main lambing period occurs in late autumn-early winter, and ewes are able to exploit the seasonal availability of the natural pastures at their best. Therefore, lambs start suckling when maternal milk concentrations of vaccenic, rumenic, and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA in maternal milk are the highest. When maternal diet is mainly based on hay and concentrates, the use of vegetable oils can be considered a good strategy to improve the meat FA profile of suckling lambs.
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Carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot goat kids fed high-concentrate diets with licury cake. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fusaro I, Giammarco M, Chincarini M, Odintsov Vaintrub M, Palmonari A, Mammi LME, Formigoni A, Di Giuseppe L, Vignola G. Effect of Ewe Diet on Milk and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Suckling Lambs of the Protected Geographical Origin Abbacchio Romano. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010025. [PMID: 31877667 PMCID: PMC7023315 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional quality of lamb products, especially in developed countries. Healthier lipid profiles might increase lamb meat consumption by concerned consumers. Pasture diets provide a viable option to enrich milk and meat products with fatty acids beneficial for human health. However, in Mediterranean areas, pasture is not available throughout the year, which means that weaned lambs are fed on concentrates. This investigation aimed to implement feeding strategies in suckling lamb to enhance healthier fatty acids in milk of dams and consequently in lamb’s meat by applying extruded linseed in a total mixed ration or using pasture. The proposed feeding plans were suitable to increase the n-3 fatty acids (FA) profile in milk and thus the lamb’s meat sourced from fresh pasture and linseed-enriched diets. Indoor rearing could include feeding lambs with linseed to help maintain a high level of beneficial fatty acids in lamb meat better than an un-supplemented diet or when pasture is not available. Abstract Consumers increasingly pay more attention to the lipid profile of meat products and consume less meat to reduce cholesterol and heart disease. In Italy, sheep producers are increasingly feeding sheep fresh forage. We investigated whether the supplementation of dam diet with extruded linseed would be an alternative strategy to pasture for improving the intramuscular and subcutaneous FA compositions of their suckling lambs. The ewe diets were enriched with either extruded linseed (L), un-supplemented farm diet (F), or pasture (P). Milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased in P and L compared with F, while the opposite pattern was observed for polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids after seven days. The FA composition of lamb meat was similar to that of their dam’s milk, showing higher PUFA in P and L compared to F, while SFA was higher in F. Regarding the lamb meat obtained from barn-held ewes, L had lower n-6/n-3 content compared to F, while an intermediate content was found in P. These results indicate a better n-3 FA profile in milk and lamb’s meat from pasture and linseed-enriched diets. No changes in lamb performance were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Fusaro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Melania Giammarco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861266816
| | - Matteo Chincarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Michael Odintsov Vaintrub
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Alberto Palmonari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Lorella Di Giuseppe
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
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