1
|
Sánchez-Guerra NA, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Anderson RC, Hume ME, Ruiz-Albarrán M, Bautista-Martínez Y, Zúñiga-Serrano A, Nájera-Pedraza OG, Salinas-Chavira J. Improvements in fermentation and nutritive quality of elephant grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] silages: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:171. [PMID: 38769268 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Elephant grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. syn. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone], also known as Napier grass and King grass, includes varieties Taiwán, Gigante, Merkerón, Maralfalfa, and others. The grass achieves high biomass production in tropical-subtropical, temperate, and arid areas. The high-water concentration of elephant grass suggests that ensiling could offer an alternative way to preserve the nutritional quality of the grass during storage, however, some considerations should be addressed because of the particularities of the grass. Ensiling elephant grass may produce adequate fermentation but could suffer effluent losses and subsequent losses of nutrients due to leaching. To improve fermentation and nutrient characteristics of elephant grass silages, several studies were conducted with the inclusion of additives. Lactic acid bacteria inocula have reduced pH and increased crude protein content of elephant grass silage, but aerobic stability of silages could be affected by the bacterial inoculation. There is limited information, however, on the potential of different silage inoculants to reduce growth of spoilage microorganisms during the aerobic phase of silage prepared with elephant grass. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes also may improve elephant grass silage quality by enhancing microbial fiber-degradation with subsequent increase in lactic acid and its associated pH reduction. Another study approach to improve fermentation and nutritional quality of elephant grass silages involved the addition of different feeds at ensiling, including conventional feeds such corn, wheat, rice bran, and molasses or alternative feeds such as different dehydrated by-products obtained from the food industries of juice and jelly. In the manuscript, the presented scientific information shows the great potential of the different manipulations to improve the quality of elephant grass silages and with possible enhance of the economic profit and sustainability of livestock farming in the tropical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Sánchez-Guerra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - M Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Edo de México, México
| | - R C Anderson
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M E Hume
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M Ruiz-Albarrán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Y Bautista-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - A Zúñiga-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - O G Nájera-Pedraza
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma Agraria, "Antonio Narro", Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - J Salinas-Chavira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhai J, Wang B, Sun Y, Yang J, Zhou J, Wang T, Zhang W, Qi C, Guo Y. Effects of Aspergillus niger on cyanogenic glycosides removal and fermentation qualities of ratooning sorghum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128057. [PMID: 36891380 PMCID: PMC9986436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs) are bioactive plant products involving in plant defense against herbivores by virtue of their abilities to release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Aspergillus niger has been shown to be effective in producing β-glucosidase, which could degrade CNglcs. However, whether A. niger could remove CNglcs under ensiling conditions is still unknown. Methods In this study, we first investigated the HCN contents in ratooning sorghums for two years, then the sorghums were ensiled with or without the addition of A. niger. Results Two years' investigation indicated that the contents of HCN in fresh ratooning sorghum were larger than 801 mg/kg FW (fresh weight), which could not be reduced by silage fermentation under safety threshold (200 mg/kg FW). A. niger could produce β-glucosidase over a range of pH and temperature, which degraded the CNglcs and removed the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at early days of ratooning sorghum fermentation. The addition of A. niger (2.56 × 107 CFU/ml) altered the microbial community, increased bacterial diversity, improved the nutritive qualities, and reduced the HCN contents in ensiled ratooning sorghum lower than 100 mg/kg FW after 60 days of fermentation. Overall, the addition of 150 ml A. niger + 50 ml sterile water per 3 kg silage could efficiently remove CNglcs from ratooning sorghum silage. Conclusion In conclusion, A. niger could produce β-glucosidase which degraded the CNglcs during the early days of fermentation, benefiting the ensiling process and improving the utilization of ratooning sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Zhai
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingpeng Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- Chongqing Jiangxiaobai Farm Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cai Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kholif AE, Gouda GA, Patra AK. The sustainable mitigation of in vitro ruminal biogas emissions by ensiling date palm leaves and rice straw with lactic acid bacteria and Pleurotus ostreatus for cleaner livestock production. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2925-2939. [PMID: 34967069 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The sustainable utilization of date palm leaves (DPL) and rice straw (RS) as feed materials for ruminant was evaluated using an in vitro wireless gas production technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Date palm leaves and RS were individually ensiled with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for 45 d or used as substrates for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) mushroom for 35 d. A total mixed ration was formulated as a control ration. In the other rations, berseem hay replaced DPL (ensiled without additives or ensiled with lactic acid bacteria or PO) at 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Ensiling with LAB did not affect the chemical composition of DPL or RS, while PO treatment reduced their fiber fractions contents. Ensiling without additives lowered (P<0.05) the asymptotic production of total gas, methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and the rate of CH4 and CO2 while increasing (P<0.05) the lag time of CH4 and CO2 production. Ensiling of materials with LAB and treatment with PO decreased (P<0.05) the asymptotic production of total gas, CH4 and CO2 production and decreased the rate of CH4 and CO2 production. Ensiling without additives decreased (P<0.05) total bacterial count, and increased (P<0.05) fermentation pH and total volatile fatty acids (VFA), while LAB ensiled DPL increased (P<0.05) total VFA and propionate concentrations and decreased total protozoal count. The PO treated DPL decreased (P<0.05) bacterial count, protozoal count and fermentation pH and increased total VFA production. CONCLUSIONS Replacing berseem hay with LAB or PO treated DPL at 25% increased gas production; however, increased CH4 and CO2 production, while the other replacement levels decreased total gas, CH4 and CO2 production. The treatment with LAB is more recommended than the PO treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gouda A Gouda
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amlan K Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Souza RTDA, dos Santos MVF, da Cunha MV, Gonçalves GD, da Silva VJ, de Mello ACL, Muir JP, Ribeiro REP, Dubeux JCB. Dwarf and Tall Elephantgrass Genotypes under Irrigation as Forage Sources for Ruminants: Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082392. [PMID: 34438850 PMCID: PMC8388698 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclical droughts negatively impact agriculture, with deficits of water availability for the maintenance of crops destined for human food and animal production. Seasonality of forage quantity and quality is a critical obstacle to support domesticated herds over the year. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is a tropical forage widely used for feeding ruminants, mainly in the form of cut-and-carry, which has the potential to increase tropical pasture productivity, due to the large amount of roughage produced per unit of area. Research evaluated the response of tall and dwarf elephantgrass genotypes under irrigation considering its potential for complementing ruminant diets. This study showed that irrigation of elephantgrass, particularly during the dry season, may improve the regularity of forage production with good nutritive value. Abstract This two-year study evaluated the effect of Pennisetum purpureum genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions, during the dry and rainy seasons, on herbage, leaf, and stem dry matter (DM) accumulation rates, nutritive value, and carbohydrate and protein fractionation. Treatments were tall (Iri 381 and Elefante B) or dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37) genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Taiwan A-146 2.37 (146 kg DM ha per day) showed similar herbage accumulation rate (HAR) to tall genotypes during the rainy season (124 and 150 kg DM/ha per day, respectively). Dwarf genotypes showed differences in leaf accumulation rate (LAR) (66 and 49 kg DM/ha per day). Mott leaf had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (589 g/kg DM) than Taiwan A-146 2.37 (598 g/kg DM), and tall genotypes had generally greater NDF (668 g/kg DM) than the dwarf genotypes. Irrigation increased fiber deposition in the leaf. Stems of all genotypes had lower in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) (378 g/kg DM) under rainfed conditions in the rainy season. Leaf from irrigated plots had 23% more carbohydrate C fraction (160 g/kg CHO) than those from rainfed plots (122 g/kg CHO). Dwarf genotypes had generally greater nutritive value than tall genotypes. These genotypes show promise under irrigation to fill forage gaps during dry periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne Thalita de Almeida Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Márcio Vieira da Cunha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Geane Dias Gonçalves
- Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270, Brazil;
| | - Valdson José da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - James Pierre Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA;
| | - Robson Elpídio Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - José Carlos Batista Dubeux
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 71, Marianna, FL 32446-8091, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
So S, Cherdthong A, Wanapat M, Uriyapongson S. Fermented sugarcane bagasse with Lactobacillus combined with cellulase and molasses promotes in vitro gas kinetics, degradability, and ruminal fermentation patterns compared to rice straw. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:116-127. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1781146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarong So
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suthipong Uriyapongson
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|