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Raska A, Kálmán K, Egri B, Csikós P, Beinrohr L, Szabó L, Tenekedjiev K, Nikolova N, Longstaff C, Roberts I, Kolev K, Wohner N. Synergism of red blood cells and tranexamic acid in the inhibition of fibrinolysis. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:794-804. [PMID: 38016517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. The World Maternal Antifibrinolytic trial showed that antifibrinolytic tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces PPH deaths. Maternal anemia increases the risk of PPH. The World Maternal Antifibrinolytic-2 trial is now assessing whether TXA can prevent PPH in women with anemia. Low red blood cell (RBC) counts promote fibrinolysis by altering fibrin structure and plasminogen activation. OBJECTIVES We explored interactions between RBCs and TXA in inhibiting fibrinolysis. METHODS We used global fibrinolytic assays (ball sedimentation and viscoelasticity) to monitor the lysis of fibrin containing plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator. We applied a fluorogenic kinetic assay to measure plasmin generation in fibrin clots and scanning electron microscopy to study fibrin structure. RESULTS According to parallel-line bioassay analysis of the fibrin lysis-time data, the antifibrinolytic potency of 4-128 μM TXA was increased in the presence of 10% to 40% (v/v) RBCs. Global fibrinolysis assays showed that the joint effect of RBCs and TXA was about 15% larger than the sum of their individual effects in the inhibition of fibrinolysis. In plasminogen activation, TXA added the same increment of inhibition to the effect of RBCs at any cell count in the fibrin clot. Regarding fibrin structure, TXA thickened fibrin fibers, which impaired plasminogen activation, whereas RBCs promoted fine fibers that were more resistant to plasmin. CONCLUSIONS The antifibrinolytic potency of TXA is enhanced in fibrin formed in the presence of RBCs through inhibition of plasminogen activation and fibrin lysis, which correlates with modifications of fibrin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Raska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Kálmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Egri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Csikós
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Beinrohr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Plasma Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kiril Tenekedjiev
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Nikolova
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Colin Longstaff
- Biotherapeutics, Haemostasis Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Roberts
- London School Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Wohner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Thakur P, Kizielewicz B, Gandotra N, Shekhovtsov A, Saini N, Sałabun W. The Group Decision-Making Using Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy and the Complex Proportional Assessment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4879. [PMID: 35808377 PMCID: PMC9269554 DOI: 10.3390/s22134879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Pythagorean fuzzy sets conveniently capture unreliable, ambiguous, and uncertain information, especially in problems involving multiple and opposing criteria. Pythagorean fuzzy sets are one of the popular generalizations of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets. They are instrumental in expressing and managing hesitant under uncertain environments, so they have been involved extensively in a diversity of scientific fields. This paper proposes a new Pythagorean entropy for Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis (MCDA) problems. The entropy measures the fuzziness of two fuzzy sets and has an influential position in fuzzy functions. The more comprehensive the entropy, the more inadequate the ambiguity, so the decision-making established on entropy is beneficial. The COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) method is used to tackle uncertainty issues in MCDA and considers the singularity of one alternative over the rest of them. This can be enforced to maximize and minimize relevant criteria in an assessment where multiple opposing criteria are considered. Using the Pythagorean sets, we represent a decisional problem solution by using the COPRAS approach and the new Entropy measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Thakur
- Yogananda School of AI, Computer and Data Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (P.T.); (N.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kizielewicz
- Research Team on Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 49, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (B.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Neeraj Gandotra
- Yogananda School of AI, Computer and Data Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (P.T.); (N.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Andrii Shekhovtsov
- Research Team on Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 49, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (B.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Namita Saini
- Yogananda School of AI, Computer and Data Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (P.T.); (N.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Wojciech Sałabun
- Research Team on Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 49, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (B.K.); (A.S.)
- National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, 04-894 Warsaw, Poland
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Tóth E, Beinrohr L, Gubucz I, Szabó L, Tenekedjiev K, Nikolova N, Nagy AI, Hidi L, Sótonyi P, Szikora I, Merkely B, Kolev K. Fibrin to von Willebrand factor ratio in arterial thrombi is associated with plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers and local abundance of extracellular DNA. Thromb Res 2021; 209:8-15. [PMID: 34844046 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The composition of thrombi determines their structure, mechanical stability, susceptibility to lysis, and consequently, the clinical outcome in coronary artery disease (CAD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Fibrin forms the primary matrix of thrombi intertwined with DNA, derived from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and von Willebrand factor (VWF) bridging DNA and platelets. Here we examined the relative content of fibrin, DNA and VWF in thrombi and analyzed their interrelations and quantitative associations with systemic biomarkers of inflammation and clinical characteristics of the patients. PATIENTS, METHODS Thrombi extracted from AIS (n = 17), CAD (n = 18) or PAD (n = 19) patients were processed for scanning electron microscopy, (immune)stained for fibrin, VWF and extracellular DNA. Fibrin fiber diameter, cellular components, fibrin/DNA and fibrin/VWF ratios were measured. RESULTS Patients' age presented as a strong explanatory factor for a linear decline trend of the VWF content relative to fibrin in thrombi from CAD (adjusted-R2 = 0.43) and male AIS (adjusted-R2 = 0.66) patients. In a subgroup of CAD and PAD patients with dyslipidemia and high (above 80%) prevalence of atherothrombosis a significant correlation was observed between the VWF and DNA content in thrombi (adjusted-R2 = 0.40), whereas a 3.7-fold lower linear regression coefficient was seen in AIS patients, in whom the fraction of thrombi of atherosclerotic origin was 57%. Independently of anatomical location, in patients with atherosclerosis the VWF in thrombi correlated with the plasma C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The observed interrelations between thrombus constituents and systemic inflammatory biomarkers suggest an intricate interplay along the VWF/NET/fibrin axis in arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Beinrohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gubucz
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Functional and Structural Materials, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kiril Tenekedjiev
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia; Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Nikolova
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia; Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anikó I Nagy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - László Hidi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Szikora
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Hidi L, Komorowicz E, Kovács GI, Szeberin Z, Garbaisz D, Nikolova N, Tenekedjiev K, Szabó L, Kolev K, Sótonyi P. Cryopreservation moderates the thrombogenicity of arterial allografts during storage. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255114. [PMID: 34293054 PMCID: PMC8297765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Management of vascular infections represents a major challenge in vascular surgery. The use of cryopreserved vascular allografts could be a feasible therapeutic option, but the optimal conditions for their production and use are not precisely defined. AIMS To evaluate the effects of cryopreservation and the duration of storage on the thrombogenicity of femoral artery allografts. METHODS In our prospective study, eleven multi-organ-donation-harvested human femoral arteries were examined at five time points during storage at -80°C: before cryopreservation as a fresh native sample and immediately, one, twelve and twenty-four weeks after the cryopreservation. Cross-sections of allografts were perfused with heparin-anticoagulated blood at shear-rates relevant to medium-sized arteries. The deposited platelets and fibrin were immunostained. The thrombogenicity of the intima, media and adventitia layers of the artery grafts was assessed quantitatively from the relative area covered by fibrin- and platelet-related fluorescent signal in the confocal micrographs. RESULTS Regression analysis of the fibrin and platelet coverage in the course of the 24-week storage excluded the possibility for increase in the graft thrombogenicity in the course of time and supported the hypothesis for a descending trend in fibrin generation and platelet deposition on the arterial wall. The fibrin deposition in the cryopreserved samples did not exceed the level detected in any of the three layers of the native graft. However, an early (up to week 12) shift above the native sample level was observed in the platelet adhesion to the media. CONCLUSIONS The hemostatic potential of cryopreserved arterial allografts was retained, whereas their thrombogenic potential declined during the 6-month storage. The only transient prothrombotic change was observed in the media layer, where the platelet deposition exceeded that of the fresh native grafts in the initial twelve weeks after cryopreservation, suggesting a potential clinical benefit from antiplatelet therapy in this time-window.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Hidi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gergely Imre Kovács
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szeberin
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Garbaisz
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natalia Nikolova
- Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Kiril Tenekedjiev
- Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Functional and Structural Materials, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Farkas ÁZ, Farkas VJ, Gubucz I, Szabó L, Bálint K, Tenekedjiev K, Nagy AI, Sótonyi P, Hidi L, Nagy Z, Szikora I, Merkely B, Kolev K. Neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombi retrieved during interventional treatment of ischemic arterial diseases. Thromb Res 2019; 175:46-52. [PMID: 30703701 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ultrastructure and cellular composition of thrombi has a profound effect on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), coronary (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Activated neutrophils release a web-like structure composed mainly of DNA and citrullinated histones, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) that modify the stability and lysability of fibrin. Here, we investigated the NET-related structural features of thrombi retrieved from different arterial localizations and their interrelations with routinely available clinical data. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thrombi extracted from AIS (n = 78), CAD (n = 66) or PAD (n = 64) patients were processed for scanning electron microscopy, (immune)stained for fibrin, citrullinated histone H3 (cH3) and extracellular DNA. Fibrin fiber diameter, cellular components, DNA and cH3 were measured and analyzed in relation to clinical parameters. RESULTS DNA was least present in AIS thrombi showing a 2.5-fold lower DNA/fibrin ratio than PAD, whereas cH3 antigen was unvaryingly present at all locations. The NET content of thrombi correlated parabolically with systemic inflammatory markers and positively with patients' age. The median platelet content was lower in PAD (2.2%) than in either AIS (3.9%) or CAD (3.1%) and thrombi from smokers contained less platelets than non-smokers. Fibrin fibers were significantly thicker in male patients with CAD (median fiber diameter 76.3 nm) compared to AIS (64.1 nm) or PAD (62.1 nm) and their diameter correlated parabolically with systemic inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS The observed NET-related variations in thrombus structure shed light on novel determinants of thrombus stability that eventually affect both the spontaneous progress and therapeutic outcome of ischemic arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Z Farkas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika J Farkas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gubucz
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Functional and Structural Materials, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bálint
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kiril Tenekedjiev
- Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria; Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Anikó I Nagy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hidi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Szikora
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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