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Liu Y, Wang H, Ni B, Zhang J, Li S, Huang Y, Cai Y, Mei H, Li Z. Loss of KCNJ15 expression promotes malignant phenotypes and correlates with poor prognosis in renal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1211-1220. [PMID: 30799948 PMCID: PMC6369858 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s184368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KCNJ15 belongs to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR) family. Although members of the KIR family have been proven to play important roles in a variety of developmental processes, the molecular role and clinical effects of KCNJ15 in cancers remain unclear. Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the expression, biological functions and molecular mechanisms of KCNJ15 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods KCNJ15 mRNA expression was evaluated in kidney cancer tissue, paired adjacent normal tissue, and cell lines with qRT-PCR. KCNJ15 protein expression was investigated via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the clinical and prognostic significance of KCNJ15 in RCC were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis. In vitro, the effects of KCNJ15 on kidney cancer cells were evaluated by means of a cell counting kit-8, transwell assay along with flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, the potential mechanism of KCNJ15 was demonstrated by Western blot. Results Here, we first found that KCNJ15 was significantly downregulated in RCC, and this low expression was an independent prognostic factor for clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Moreover, KCNJ15 was associated with advanced TNM stage (n=150, p=0.014) and histological grade (n=150, p=0.045). Furthermore, KCNJ15 overexpression significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, arrested the cell cycle and induced apoptosis of RCC cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect of KCNJ15 overexpression may be regulated by its effects on the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and p21 expression. Conclusion These findings indicate that KCNJ15 may be a tumor suppressor in RCC and a possible target for RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Han Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, .,Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Yanling Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Hongbing Mei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, .,Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China, .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
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Babona-Pilipos R, Liu N, Pritchard-Oh A, Mok A, Badawi D, Popovic MR, Morshead CM. Calcium influx differentially regulates migration velocity and directedness in response to electric field application. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:202-214. [PMID: 29729231 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) respond to externally applied direct current electrical fields (DCEFs) by undergoing rapid and directed migration toward the cathode in a process known as galvanotaxis. It is unknown if the underlying mechanisms of galvanotactic migration is common to non-electrosensitive cells and if so, how NPCs and other galvanotactic cells sense and transduce electrical fields into cellular motility. In this study, we show that distinct aspects of NPC galvanotactic migration: motility (quantified through |velocity|) and directedness, are differentially regulated by calcium. We use low-Ca2+ culture conditions; an intracellular Ca2+ chelator; and voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) inhibitors to specific channels expressed on NPCs, to demonstrate the role of Ca2+ influx in DCEF-induced NPC migration. Consistent with existing literature, we show Ca2+ is involved in F-actin polymerization that lengthens NPC membrane protrusions necessary for cellular motility. However, inhibiting Ca2+ results in reduced velocity but has no effect on DCEF-induced directedness. This dissociation between velocity and directedness reveal that these migration parameters can be independently regulated, thus suggesting a parallel process of sensing DCEFs by NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babona-Pilipos
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Liu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Pritchard-Oh
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Mok
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D Badawi
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M R Popovic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C M Morshead
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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