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Maduwantha K, Jayaweerage I, Kumarasinghe C, Lakpriya N, Madushan T, Tharanga D, Wijethunga M, Induranga A, Gunawardana N, Weerakkody P, Koswattage K. Accessibility of Motion Capture as a Tool for Sports Performance Enhancement for Beginner and Intermediate Cricket Players. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3386. [PMID: 38894175 PMCID: PMC11175015 DOI: 10.3390/s24113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Motion Capture (MoCap) has become an integral tool in fields such as sports, medicine, and the entertainment industry. The cost of deploying high-end equipment and the lack of expertise and knowledge limit the usage of MoCap from its full potential, especially at beginner and intermediate levels of sports coaching. The challenges faced while developing affordable MoCap systems for such levels have been discussed in order to initiate an easily accessible system with minimal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveendra Maduwantha
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ishan Jayaweerage
- Faculty of Computing, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka;
| | - Chamara Kumarasinghe
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Nimesh Lakpriya
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Thilina Madushan
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Dasun Tharanga
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Mahela Wijethunga
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ashan Induranga
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Niroshan Gunawardana
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Pathum Weerakkody
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Kaveenga Koswattage
- Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka; (K.M.); (C.K.); (A.I.)
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Tissera K, Orth D, Huynh M, Benson AC. The impact of augmented feedback (and technology) on learning and teaching cricket skill: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279121. [PMID: 36525446 PMCID: PMC9757599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmented feedback, including that provided using technology, can elicit multifaceted benefits on perceptual-motor learning and performance of sporting skills. However, current considerations of the applied value in supporting learning and teaching cricket skill is limited. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to understand the role and effectiveness of feedback-involved interventions on skill-based performance outcomes in cricket-related research. Six electronic databases were searched (SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO). Of 8,262 records identified, 11 studies met inclusion criteria; five of which were included in meta-analyses. Given no studies with an isolated feedback intervention-arm were identified, the two meta-analyses explored anticipation-based studies consisting of an intervention that included augmented feedback; positioned with respect to the key motor skill concepts of perception (anticipation accuracy) and action (performance success). Despite results highlighting improved performance outcomes for the feedback-involved intervention groups, with a large effect size for improved anticipation accuracy (Hedge's g = 1.21, 95% CIs [-0.37, 2.78]) and a medium effect size for overall performance success (Hedge's g = 0.55, 95% CIs [-0.39, 1.50]), results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. Considering the small number of studies available, in addition to the lack of isolated feedback protocols, further research is warranted to thoroughly explore the impact of augmented feedback on skill-based performance in cricket. Beyond the meta-analyses, the review also explored all included studies from an ecological dynamics perspective; presenting future avenues of research framed around evaluating the applied value of using augmented feedback (mediated with or without technology) for learning and teaching skill in cricket. Trial registration The protocol was preregistered with Open Science Framework (osf.io/384pd).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tissera
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Sport Innovation Research Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dominic Orth
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minh Huynh
- School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda C. Benson
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Sport Innovation Research Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Noorbhai H. Cricket coaching and batting in the 21st century through a 4IR lens: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001435. [PMID: 36120107 PMCID: PMC9472150 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to document an understanding of cricket coaching in the context of South Africa and recognise the importance of technology and innovation for cricket (and sports in general) in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. In addition, an understanding of the evolvement of batting and factors contributing to successful batting as well as the links that exist between coaching manuals, coaching practice, skills and the individual player are outlined. Furthermore, tangible examples of technological and innovative applications that can be used to advance cricket coaching in the modern era are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Noorbhai
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Technology (BEAHT) Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Adams K, Kiefer A, Panchuk D, Hunter A, MacPherson R, Spratford W. From the field of play to the laboratory: Recreating the demands of competition with augmented reality simulated sport. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:486-493. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1706872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kahlee Adams
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Adam Kiefer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Derek Panchuk
- College of Sport & Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Hunter
- Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ryan MacPherson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wayne Spratford
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Spratford W, Elliott B, Portus M, Brown N, Alderson J. The influence of upper-body mechanics, anthropometry and isokinetic strength on performance in wrist-spin cricket bowling. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:280-287. [PMID: 31766951 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1696265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Delivering a cricket ball with a wrist-spin (WS) bowling technique is considered one of the game's most difficult skills. Limited biomechanical information exists for WS bowlers across skill levels. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical, isokinetic strength and anthropometric measures between elite (12) and pathway bowlers (eight). Data were collected using a motion analysis system, dynamometer and a level-two anthropometrist. A regression analysis identified that performance was best explained by increased wrist radial deviation torque and longitudinal axis rotational moments at the shoulder and wrist. From back foot impact (BFI) to ball release (BR), elite bowlers rotated their trunks less, experienced less trunk deceleration resulting in a more front-on position and increased pelvis rotation angular velocity. They also displayed an increased shoulder internal rotation moment as the upper arm moved from external into internal rotation and was a major contributor in the subsequent differences observed in the distal segments of the bowling limb. Anthropometric differences were observed at the wrist and finger joints and may be used to form the basis for talent identification programmes. This study highlights the important contribution to bowling performance of the musculature responsible for producing long axis rotations of the bowling limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Spratford
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, ACT, Canberra, Australia.,Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT, Canberra, Australia
| | - Bruce Elliott
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marc Portus
- Praxis Performance Group, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicholas Brown
- Australian Institute of Sport, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE) Movement Science, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Alderson
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Boddy KJ, Marsh JA, Caravan A, Lindley KE, Scheffey JO, O'Connell ME. Exploring wearable sensors as an alternative to marker-based motion capture in the pitching delivery. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6365. [PMID: 30697497 PMCID: PMC6348088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improvements in data processing, increased understanding of the biomechanical background behind kinetics and kinematics, and technological advancements in inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors have enabled high precision in the measurement of joint angles and acceleration on human subjects. This has resulted in new devices that reportedly measure joint angles, arm speed, and stresses to the pitching arms of baseball players. This study seeks to validate one such sensor, the MotusBASEBALL unit, with a marker-based motion capture laboratory. Hypothesis We hypothesize that the joint angle measurements (“arm slot” and “shoulder rotation”) of the MotusBASEBALL device will hold a statistically significant level of reliability and accuracy, but that the “arm speed” and “stress” metrics will not be accurate due to limitations in IMU technology. Methods A total of 10 healthy subjects threw five to seven fastballs followed by five to seven breaking pitches (slider or curveball) in the motion capture lab. Subjects wore retroreflective markers and the MotusBASEBALL sensor simultaneously. Results It was found that the arm slot (R = 0.975, P < 0.001), shoulder rotation (R = 0.749, P < 0.001), and stress (R = 0.667, P = 0.001 when compared to elbow torque; R = 0.653, P = 0.002 when compared to shoulder torque) measurements were all significantly correlated with the results from the motion capture lab. Arm speed showed significant correlations to shoulder internal rotation speed (R = 0.668, P = 0.001) and shoulder velocity magnitude (R = 0.659, P = 0.002). For the entire sample, arm slot and shoulder rotation measurements were on a similar scale, or within 5–15% in absolute value, of magnitude to measurements from the motion capture test, averaging eight degrees less (12.9% relative differences) and nine degrees (5.4%) less, respectively. Arm speed had a much larger difference, averaging 3,745 deg/s (80.2%) lower than shoulder internal rotation velocity, and 3,891 deg/s (80.8%) less than the shoulder velocity magnitude. The stress metric was found to be 41 Newton meter (Nm; 38.7%) less when compared to elbow torque, and 42 Nm (39.3%) less when compared to shoulder torque. Despite the differences in magnitude, the correlations were extremely strong, indicating that the MotusBASEBALL sensor had high reliability for casual use. Conclusion This study attempts to validate the use of the MotusBASEBALL for future studies that look at the arm slot, shoulder rotation, arm speed, and stress measurements from the MotusBASEBALL sensor. Excepting elbow extension velocity, all metrics from the MotusBASEBALL unit showed significant correlations to their corresponding metrics from motion capture and while some magnitudes differ substantially and therefore fall short in validity, the link between the metrics is strong enough to indicate reliable casual use. Further research should be done to further investigate the validity and reliability of the arm speed metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Boddy
- Research and Development, Driveline Baseball, Inc, Kent, WA, USA
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- Research and Development, Driveline Baseball, Inc, Kent, WA, USA
| | - Alex Caravan
- Research and Development, Driveline Baseball, Inc, Kent, WA, USA
| | - Kyle E Lindley
- Research and Development, Driveline Baseball, Inc, Kent, WA, USA
| | - John O Scheffey
- Research and Development, Driveline Baseball, Inc, Kent, WA, USA
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Cust EE, Sweeting AJ, Ball K, Robertson S. Machine and deep learning for sport-specific movement recognition: a systematic review of model development and performance. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:568-600. [PMID: 30307362 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1521769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective assessment of an athlete's performance is of importance in elite sports to facilitate detailed analysis. The implementation of automated detection and recognition of sport-specific movements overcomes the limitations associated with manual performance analysis methods. The object of this study was to systematically review the literature on machine and deep learning for sport-specific movement recognition using inertial measurement unit (IMU) and, or computer vision data inputs. A search of multiple databases was undertaken. Included studies must have investigated a sport-specific movement and analysed via machine or deep learning methods for model development. A total of 52 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data pre-processing, processing, model development and evaluation methods varied across the studies. Model development for movement recognition were predominantly undertaken using supervised classification approaches. A kernel form of the Support Vector Machine algorithm was used in 53% of IMU and 50% of vision-based studies. Twelve studies used a deep learning method as a form of Convolutional Neural Network algorithm and one study also adopted a Long Short Term Memory architecture in their model. The adaptation of experimental set-up, data pre-processing, and model development methods are best considered in relation to the characteristics of the targeted sports movement(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Cust
- a Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,b Western Bulldogs Football Club , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Alice J Sweeting
- a Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,b Western Bulldogs Football Club , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Kevin Ball
- a Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Sam Robertson
- a Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,b Western Bulldogs Football Club , Melbourne , Australia
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Wells D, Alderson J, Camomilla V, Donnelly C, Elliott B, Cereatti A. Elbow joint kinematics during cricket bowling using magneto-inertial sensors: A feasibility study. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:515-524. [PMID: 30175947 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1512845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMUs) may provide an accessible, three-dimensional, in-field alternative to laboratory-restricted marker-based motion capture. Existing upper limb MIMU models have predominantly been validated with low-velocity motion and their suitability for use with sport-based movements remains relatively untested. We propose a MIMU system approach to enable the estimation of anatomically meaningful and participant-specific elbow kinematics with considerations for use with cricket bowling. A novel standardised elbow reference posture of 90 degrees flexion and 0 deg pronation, and functional definition of elbow joint axes of rotation calibrated the MIMU method model before it was validated across three experiments: (1) simple elbow rotations with a mechanical linkage; (2) low-velocity elbow rotations in human participants; and (3) low-medium velocity sport-based movements in human participants. The proposed MIMU method demonstrated high elbow kinematic measurement agreement when compared with a criterion measure across all three conditions. However, during experiment 3, sensor components neared their measurement capacity and the MIMU method elbow flexion measurement variability increased. We conclude that the proposed MIMU method can estimate anatomically referenced, participant-specific joint angles, however, the hardware specifications of currently available systems may limit application in high-velocity/acceleration situations, preventing the measurement of cricket bowling in-field for now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Wells
- a The School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,b Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Alderson
- a The School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Valentina Camomilla
- c Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Roma , Italy.,d Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Roma , Italy
| | - Cyril Donnelly
- a The School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Bruce Elliott
- a The School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Andrea Cereatti
- d Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Roma , Italy.,e POLCOMING Department, Information Engineering Unit , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.,f Department of Electronics and Telecommunications , Politecnico di Torino , Torino , Italy
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Trends Supporting the In-Field Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Sport Performance Evaluation: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030873. [PMID: 29543747 PMCID: PMC5877384 DOI: 10.3390/s18030873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological developments have led to the production of inexpensive, non-invasive, miniature magneto-inertial sensors, ideal for obtaining sport performance measures during training or competition. This systematic review evaluates current evidence and the future potential of their use in sport performance evaluation. Articles published in English (April 2017) were searched in Web-of-Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Sport-Discus databases. A keyword search of titles, abstracts and keywords which included studies using accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers to analyse sport motor-tasks performed by athletes (excluding risk of injury, physical activity, and energy expenditure) resulted in 2040 papers. Papers and reference list screening led to the selection of 286 studies and 23 reviews. Information on sport, motor-tasks, participants, device characteristics, sensor position and fixing, experimental setting and performance indicators was extracted. The selected papers dealt with motor capacity assessment (51 papers), technique analysis (163), activity classification (19), and physical demands assessment (61). Focus was placed mainly on elite and sub-elite athletes (59%) performing their sport in-field during training (62%) and competition (7%). Measuring movement outdoors created opportunities in winter sports (8%), water sports (16%), team sports (25%), and other outdoor activities (27%). Indications on the reliability of sensor-based performance indicators are provided, together with critical considerations and future trends.
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Spratford W, Elliott B, Portus M, Brown N, Alderson J. Illegal bowling actions contribute to performance in cricket finger-spin bowlers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1691-1699. [PMID: 29415324 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With advances in technology, scientists are now able to more accurately measure elbow displacement changes during the cricket bowling action. This has led to the realization that the majority of bowlers undergo some degree of elbow extension during the forward swing phase of bowling. Consequently, the International Cricket Council were obliged to revise the once zero tolerance for elbow extension threshold to a 15° range. However, it is still not understood if bowling with >15° of elbow extension aids performance or alters other kinematic movements. The purpose of this study was to compare performance and technique measures between legal and illegal finger-spin bowlers. Data were collected from 48 pathway and elite bowlers using a 22-camera motion analysis system. Results indicated that the ball velocity and revolutions at ball release of pathway bowlers with illegal actions showed no significant difference and were similar to elite legal bowlers. Technique differences were also identified, with illegal bowlers being more front-on, forcing a reliance on increased elbow flexion and supination to impart effective ball kinematics at ball release. The performance benefit of greater ball velocity and revolutions is obtained when finger-spin bowlers deliver the ball with more than the allowable 15° of elbow extension, thus reinforcing the validity of the current bowling laws. To counteract bowling with an illegal action, it is recommended that a more side-on technique at back foot impact and rotating the trunk through to the point of ball release will assist bowlers in reducing undesirable elbow extension levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Spratford
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bruce Elliott
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Portus
- Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicholas Brown
- Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Alderson
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Auckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland, New Zealand
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Spratford W, Portus M, Wixted A, Leadbetter R, James DA. Peak outward acceleration and ball release in cricket. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:754-60. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.962577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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