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Shin RQ, Keum BT, Smith LC, Lu Y, Yee S. The Development and Validation of the Heterosexism Erasure Scale. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221126997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterosexism erasure construct captures attitudes, which deny or minimize the systemic oppression of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) persons in the United States. Heterosexism erasure expands the interrogation of denying or minimizing discrimination (Neville at al., 2006) beyond the realm of White supremacy and into the domain of heteronormativity. The purpose of this project was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of heterosexism erasure. Two independent samples were gathered to conduct exploratory ( n = 425) and confirmatory ( n = 367) factor analyses to assess for initial reliability and validity evidence of the Heterosexism Erasure Scale (HES). Results suggest that the final 13-item HES provides a general index of heterosexism erasure as well as assesses two related, but distinct factors named Heterosexism Denial and Heterosexism Minimization. Results support the internal consistency and factor structure of the measure. Expected relationships between the HES and existing measures provide validity evidence for the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Lu
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Williams KA, Dakin EK, Lipschutz A. LGBT+ Older Adults in Rural South Central Appalachia: Perceptions of Current and Future Formal Service Needs. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:217-238. [PMID: 34266367 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1953661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Older sexual and gender minority adults living in rural areas of the U.S. face challenges in accessing welcoming and inclusive formal health, mental health, social, and long-term care services. The intersection of the local rural sociocultural context with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT+) identities and aging presents both challenges and opportunities for improving formal services for LGBT+ older adults. Little is known about how the rural south central Appalachian context intersects with the identities of LGBT+ older adults with regard to accessing formal services. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study examining experiences, concerns, and recommendations regarding formal services among 11 LGBT+ older adults residing in rural south central Appalachia. Several of the participants described experiencing discrimination and/or marginalization while accessing formal services. A number of participants were fearful about the lack of LGBT+-inclusive services and expressed that they would consider leaving the area if their own or their partner's health declined or if they or their partner required long-term care services, particularly residential care. Many participants expressed the need for local provider education and training about the needs of LGBT+ older adults. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Williams
- Department of Social Work, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily K Dakin
- Department of Social Work, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Audrey Lipschutz
- Department of Social Work, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
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Shin RQ, Smith LC, Vernay CN, Welch JC, Sharma R, Eberhardt M. Accessing Counseling Services Where the Rainbow Doesn't Shine: A Heterosexism Audit Study. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:2246-2265. [PMID: 32207668 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1734377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Through a field experiment set among licensed therapists (N = 425), we found nuanced evidence of heterosexist discrimination at the entry point of mental health services for a fictitious White, presumably gay man seeking counseling. We called therapists in LGB-affirming and LGB-hostile states and left voicemails requesting services. To manipulate perceived sexual orientation, a confederate using the name "Jon" recorded one of three conditions (a) heterosexual-presenting Jon, (b) gay-presenting Jon, and (c) gay-sounding Jon. Analyzes comparing the rate of returned calls for each condition within LGB-affirming versus LGB-hostile states against our referent group, gay-presenting Jon calling mental health professionals in an LGB-affirming region, revealed a number of significant effects. Notably, being perceived as gay in LGB-hostile states significantly decreased the rate of returned calls, with the reverse being true in an LGB-affirming state. The use of "gay-sounding" voice, however, did not appreciably affect these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Q Shin
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lance C Smith
- Graduate Program in Counseling, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Collin N Vernay
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie C Welch
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Maeve Eberhardt
- Department of Romance Languages and Linguistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Dickson L, Bunting S, Nanna A, Taylor M, Spencer M, Hein L. Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Adults' Experiences With Discrimination and Impacts on Expectations for Long-Term Care: Results of a Survey in the Southern United States. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:650-660. [PMID: 34634949 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211048189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of older adults in the United States is projected to increase in coming years, including the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) older adults requiring long-term care (LTC) services. We conducted an online survey of older LGBTQ+ adults living in the Southern United States between January and March of 2018 to inquire about their anticipation of discrimination in and willingness to utilize LTC services. We found that 78.6% of respondents (N = 789) anticipated discrimination in LTC. Previous experiences with discrimination, higher educational attainment, and queer/questioning sexual orientation were associated with greater expectation of discrimination. Higher anticipation of discrimination was also associated with a greater preference for utilizing LTC services offered by LGBTQ+ providers or for LGBTQ+ older adults. These findings suggest that LTC staff and researchers may be uniquely positioned to craft outreach and policies to protect LGBTQ+ LTC residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexus Dickson
- School of Medicine, 12322University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Samuel Bunting
- Chicago Medical School, 97174Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexis Nanna
- College of Arts and Sciences, 124479University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Megan Taylor
- College of Arts and Sciences, 124479University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mindi Spencer
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Liam Hein
- College of Nursing, 16155University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Fischer AR, Green SRM, Gunn HE. Social-ecological considerations for the sleep health of rural mothers. J Behav Med 2021; 44:507-518. [PMID: 33083923 PMCID: PMC7574991 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a social-ecological framework, we identify social determinants that interact to influence sleep health, identify gaps in the literature, and make recommendations for targeting sleep health in rural mothers. Rural mothers experience unique challenges and protective factors in maintaining adequate sleep health during the postpartum and early maternal years. Geographic isolation, barriers to comprehensive behavioral medicine services, and intra-rural ethno-racial disparities are discussed at the societal (e.g., public policy), social (e.g., community) and individual levels (e.g., stress) of the social-ecological model. Research on sleep health would benefit from attention to methodological considerations of factors affecting rural mothers such as including parity in population-level analyses or applying community-based participatory research principles. Future sleep health programs would benefit from using existing social support networks to disseminate sleep health information, integrating behavioral health services into clinical care frameworks, and tailoring culturally-appropriate Telehealth/mHealth programs to enhance the sleep health of rural mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 87034, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | | | - Heather E Gunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 87034, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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Bettergarcia J, Wedell E, Shrewsbury AM, Thomson BR. “There’s a stopgap in the conversation”: LGBTQ + mental health care and community connection in a semi-rural county. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2021.1900973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Bettergarcia
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Emma Wedell
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Bonnie Rose Thomson
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
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McIntosh CA. Denial of care is denial of evidence. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2019.1630793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. McIntosh
- Michael Garron Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Jeong YM, Veldhuis CB, Aranda F, Hughes TL. Racial/ethnic differences in unmet needs for mental health and substance use treatment in a community-based sample of sexual minority women. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:3557-3569. [PMID: 27461857 PMCID: PMC5819990 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the unmet needs for mental health and substance use treatment among a diverse sample of sexual minority women (lesbian, bisexual). BACKGROUND Sexual minority women are more likely than heterosexual women to report depression and hazardous drinking. However, relatively little is known about sexual minority women's use of mental health or substance use treatment services, particularly about whether use varies by race/ethnicity. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of existing data. METHODS Analyses included data from 699 Latina, African American and white sexual minority women interviewed in wave 3 of the 17-year Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study. Using logistic regression, we examined the associations among sexual identity, race/ethnicity, use of mental health and substance use treatment, as well as potential unmet need for treatment. RESULTS Overall, women in the study reported high levels of depression and alcohol dependence, and these varied by sexual identity and race/ethnicity. Use of mental health and substance use treatment also varied by race/ethnicity, as did potential unmet need for both mental health and substance use treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that suggest although use of treatment among sexual minority women is high overall, there is a potentially sizable unmet need for mental health and substance use treatment that varies by race/ethnicity, with Latina women showing the greatest unmet need for treatment. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses and other healthcare providers should be aware of the high rates of depression and hazardous drinking among sexual minority women, understand the factors that may increase the risk of these conditions among sexual minority women, the potentially high unmet need for mental health and substance use treatment - perhaps particularly among Latina women and be equipped to provide culturally sensitive care or refer to appropriate treatment services as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Mi Jeong
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cindy B Veldhuis
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frances Aranda
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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