Formaldehyde and heavy metal migration from rubber and metallic packaging/utensils in Korea

Changes in exoskeleton surface roughness and expression of chitinase genes in mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus following heavy metal differences of estuary

Risk assessment of heavy metals is important for the health evaluation of inhabiting species in aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated whether chitin exoskeleton of mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus is affected by heavy metals in estuary sediments in Korea. We compared heavy metal concentrations and analyzed the expression of M. japonicus chitinase genes, which play the crucial role in the formation of chitin exoskeleton. Concentrations of heavy metals were highly observed in crab body inhabiting Hampyeong among estuarine sites. High expressions of chitinase 1 were observed in crab gill and hepatopancreas from Myodo, which is the site with the lowest concentration of heavy metal in crab body. The surface roughness of the exoskeleton decreased with the increased concentration of heavy metals accumulated in the crab body. These results suggest that the total bioconcentration of heavy metals in crabs affected the expression of chitinase genes and changes in the exoskeleton surface roughness.