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TatahMentan M, Nyachoti S, Godebo TR. Elemental composition of toxic and essential elements in rice-based baby foods from the United States and other countries: A probabilistic risk analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114677. [PMID: 38641042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of rice-based foods provides essential nutrients required for infants and toddlers' growth. However, they could contain toxic and excess essential elements that may affect human health. The study aims to determine the composition of rice-based baby foods in the USA and outside and conduct a multiple-life stages probabilistic exposure and risk assessment of toxic and essential elements in children. Elemental concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in thirty-three rice-based baby foods. This includes 2 infant formulas, 11 rice baby cereals, and 20 rice snacks produced primarily in the United States, China, and other countries. A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to assess risks of adverse health effects. Results showed that infant formula had higher median concentrations of selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) compared to rice baby cereal and rice snacks. On the contrary, rice snacks had the highest median concentration of Arsenic (As) (127 μg/kg) while rice baby cereals showed the highest median concentration of Cd (7 μg/kg). A higher lifetime estimated daily intake was observed for samples manufactured in the USA compared to those from China and other countries. Hazard quotient (HQ < 1) values were suggestive of minimal adverse health effects. However, lifetime carcinogenic risk analysis based on total As indicated an unacceptable cancer risk (>1E-04). These findings show a need for ongoing monitoring of rice-based foods consumed by infants and toddlers as supplementary and substitutes for breast milk or weaning food options. This can be useful in risk reduction and mitigation of early life exposure to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mom TatahMentan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Syprose Nyachoti
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Tewodros Rango Godebo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Qin C, Wang X, Du L, Yang L, Jiao Y, Jiang D, Zhang X, Zhang T, Gao X. Heavy metals in meat products from Shandong, China and risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:56-65. [PMID: 38093555 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2286008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study 13 heavy metals were analysed in representative livestock meat, poultry meat, livestock offal and poultry offal samples (20 per category) from marketplaces and retail stores in 16 cities in Shandong province, China. The investigated heavy metals were Cu, Cr, V, Ni, As, Se, Sn, Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn, Ba and Hg. Results revealed mean levels of total heavy metals in meat and offal of 1.56 mg/kg and 39.8 mg/kg, respectively. Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Se, Ba and Pb were found in all samples (100%), followed by Hg (95.0%), V (91.3%), Sn (73.8%), Cd (51.3%), As (21.3%) and Sb (11.3%). Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values showed that high meat intake can cause potential health risks. Thus, continuous monitoring of health risks and trends of heavy metals in meat products is needed, both for food safety and consumer's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Luping Yang
- Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xibao Gao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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Duc Phung L, Dhewi Afriani S, Aditya Padma Pertiwi P, Ito H, Kumar A, Watanabe T. Effects of CuO nanoparticles in composted sewage sludge on rice-soil systems and their potential human health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139555. [PMID: 37487974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The release of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) into sewage systems is worrisome due to their potential impact on crop-soil systems that are amended with sewage sludge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in composted sewage sludge (CSS) on rice-soil systems and to assess the health risks associated with consuming CuO NP-contaminated rice produced by CSS amendment. CSS was treated with three doses of CuO NPs, resulting in Cu levels below the sludge limits (1500 mg Cu kg-1) for reuse as a soil amendment. Results showed that CuO NPs in CSS at environmentally acceptable levels had no negative effect on rice growth and yield. In fact, they enhanced biomass production, tillering capacity, and soil fertility by increasing N and K levels in the soil. In addition, CuO NPs in CSS (450-1450 mg Cu kg-1) promoted the accumulation of macro- and micro-minerals in rice grains, thereby improving the nutritional value of rice. However, Cu contamination in CSS led to elevated levels of toxic metals, especially As, in rice grains, posing potential health risks to both adults and children. In the presence of higher CuO NPs contamination in CSS, the hazard quotient of As exceeded one, indicating an increased risks of toxic metal exposure via rice consumption. This study raises concerns about potential long-term threats to human health posed by MNPs contamination in CSS and highlights the need to reevaluate the permissible limits of hazardous elements in sludge to ensure its safe reuse in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Duc Phung
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan; Center for Foreign Languages and International Education, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, 12406, Viet Nam.
| | - Shinta Dhewi Afriani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Putri Aditya Padma Pertiwi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
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Dressler JM, Raab A, Wehmeier S, Feldmann J. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead in rice and rice products on the Austrian market. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS: PART B 2023; 16:185-195. [PMID: 37013463 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2194061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-one rice samples, i.e. 25 rice varieties, 8 rice products, and 18 rice containing baby foods from the Austrian market were surveyed for arsenic, cadmium, and lead. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is most toxic to human health, and its mean concentrations in rice were 120 µg kg-1, 191 µg kg-1 in rice products, and 77 µg kg-1 in baby foods. The average dimethylarsinic acid and methylarsonic acid concentrations were 56 µg kg-1 and 2 µg kg-1, respectively. The highest iAs concentration was found in rice flakes (237 ± 15 µg kg-1), close to the Maximum Level (ML) set by the EU regulation for husked rice (250 µg kg-1). The levels of cadmium (12 to 182 µg kg-1) and lead (6 to 30 µg kg-1) in the majority of rice samples were below the European ML. Upland grown rice from Austria showed both, low inorganic arsenic (<19 µg kg-1) and cadmium (<38 µg kg-1) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Monika Dressler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Munster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Raab
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wehmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Informer-Based Safety Risk Prediction of Heavy Metals in Rice in China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030542. [PMID: 36766072 PMCID: PMC9914933 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused supervision and early warning of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated rice areas can effectively protect people's livelihood security and maintain social stability. To improve the accuracy of risk prediction, an Informer-based safety risk prediction model for HMs in rice is constructed in this paper. First, based on the national sampling data and residential consumption statistics of rice, we construct a dataset of evaluation indicators that can characterize the level of rice safety risk so as to form a safety risk space. Second, based on the K-medoids clustering algorithm, we classify the rice safety risk space into levels. Finally, we use the Informer neural network model to predict the safety risk indicators of rice in each province so as to predict the safety risk level. This study compares the prediction accuracy of a self-constructed dataset of rice safety risk assessment indicators. The experimental results show that the prediction precision of the method proposed in this paper reaches 99.17%, 91.77%, and 91.33% for low, medium, and high risk levels, respectively. The model provides technical support and a scientific basis for screening the time and area of HM contamination of rice, which needs focus.
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Hensawang S, Chanpiwat P. Probabilistic estimation and statuses of total, bioaccessible and inorganic arsenic accumulation in commercial white and brown rice in Thailand. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2022; 15:191-202. [PMID: 35574980 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2074146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) in rice is a crucial public health concern because it is a human carcinogen. This study was conducted to determine the actual As concentrations and estimate the probable range of As in rice. The status of As accumulation in rice was also determined. White (n=154) and brown (n=54) rice samples were collected over three crop years. The concentrations of As (total, bioaccessible and inorganic) were determined. The total As concentrations in white (0.088-0.295 mg/kg) and brown (0.119-0.517 mg/kg) rice were approximately 58.8% and 57.4% higher than the Codex standards, respectively. However, the bioaccessible and inorganic As in both types of rice were lower than the standards for both rice types. Regarding the classifications of As accumulation (low, normal, high and unusually high), the actual As concentrations found in the rice samples were either in the normal range or a high concentration of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supanad Hensawang
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penradee Chanpiwat
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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TatahMentan M, Nyachoti S, Okwori F, Godebo TR. Elemental composition of Rice and Lentils from various countries: A Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Multiple Life Stages. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Rangel-Moreno K, Mérida-Ortega Á, Gamboa-Loira B, Flores-García MK, Rothenberg SJ, López-Carrillo L. Dietary contribution to total urinary arsenic in Mexican women. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1453-1462. [PMID: 35793148 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2093982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) damages health in many ways. The main routes of human exposure are consumption of contaminated water and diet, but evidence regarding the dietary contribution of iAs is limited. The objective of this work was to determine the foods and beverages that contribute to urinary total arsenic levels (TAs). This is a secondary analysis of an original study of breast cancer cases and population controls carried out in northern Mexico during the period 2007-2011, from which 1,462 women without a history of diabetes were selected. We estimated the consumption of the food and beverage groups with a frequency questionnaire. We measured the concentrations of urinary iAs metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Total arsenic ranged from 0.5 to 2,360 µg/g creatinine. After adjusting for covariates, we observed a positive association between TAs (with arsenobetaine) with non-bottled drinking water intake, as well as the consumption of root vegetables, vegetables and fruits rich in water, eggs, fish and shellfish. Our findings highlight the relevance of water consumption and some foods for TAs exposure. Food quality monitoring deserves attention in high-risk regions of arsenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rangel-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - M Karen Flores-García
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
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Abstract
Arsenic poisoning constitutes a major threat to humans, causing various health problems. Almost everywhere across the world certain “hotspots” have been detected, putting in danger the local populations, due to the potential consumption of water or food contaminated with elevated concentrations of arsenic. According to the relevant studies, Asia shows the highest percentage of significantly contaminated sites, followed by North America, Europe, Africa, South America and Oceania. The presence of arsenic in ecosystems can originate from several natural or anthropogenic activities. Arsenic can be then gradually accumulated in different food sources, such as vegetables, rice and other crops, but also in seafood, etc., and in water sources (mainly in groundwater, but also to a lesser extent in surface water), potentially used as drinking-water supplies, provoking their contamination and therefore potential health problems to the consumers. This review reports the major areas worldwide that present elevated arsenic concentrations in food and water sources. Furthermore, it also discusses the sources of arsenic contamination at these sites, as well as selected treatment technologies, aiming to remove this pollutant mainly from the contaminated waters and thus the reduction and prevention of population towards arsenic exposure.
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Jiang R, Zhang Q, Ji D, Jiang T, Hu Y, He S, Tao L, Shen J, Zhang W, Song Y, Ma Y, Tong S, Tao F, Yao Y, Liang C. Influence of combined exposure levels of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic on arsenic methylation capacity among university students: findings from Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28714-28724. [PMID: 34988804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The arsenic (As) methylation capacity is an important determinant of susceptibility to As-related diseases. Total As (TAs) or inorganic As (iAs) was reported to associated with As methylation capacity. We measured urinary concentrations of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) by using HPLC-HG-AFS and calculated the primary methylation capacity index (PMI) and secondary methylation capacity index (SMI) in 209 university students in Hefei, China, a non-As endemic area. Volunteers were given a standardized questionnaire asking about their sociodemographic characteristics. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analysis was used to estimate the association of lnTAs and lniAs levels with methylation indices (ln%MMA, ln%DMA, lnPMI, lnSMI). The median concentrations of iAs, MMA, and DMA were 1.22, 0.92, and 12.17 μg/L, respectively; the proportions of iAs, MMA, and DMA were 8.76%, 6.13%, and 84.84%, respectively. Females had higher %DMA and lower %MMA than males. The combined levels of lnTAs and lniAs showed a decrease in the changes in ln%DMA and lnSMI. With regard to the single exposure level, the lnTAs showed positive correlations with ln%DMA, lnPMI, and lnSMI when lniAs was set at a specific level, while lniAs showed negative correlations with ln%DMA, lnPMI, and lnSMI when lnTAs was set at a specific level; all the dose-response relationships were nonlinear. Our results suggested that combined levels of TAs and iAs play an important role in reducing As methylation capacity, especially iAs, and the reduction only occurs when TAs and iAs are present up to a certain combined level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shitao He
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Long Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuyou Yao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Chunmei Liang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Hao H, Ge D, Wen Y, Lv Y, Chen W. Probabilistic health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic and some heavy metals in rice produced from a typical multi-mining county, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11510-11523. [PMID: 34537941 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of exposure to toxic elements in rice on human health has become a global public health issue. This study analyzed the pollution characteristics and probabilistic health risks of exposure to iAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg in rice produced in a typical multi-mining county using Monte Carlo simulation, a geographic information system, and bioavailability analysis. The results showed that the enrichment of As and Cd was prominent in rice, with mean tAs, iAs, and Cd contents of 0.34 ± 0.20, 0.15 ± 0.09, and 0.48 ± 0.50 mg·kg-1, respectively. The probability of non-carcinogenic risk via rice consumption in adults and children exceeding the threshold was 72% and 78%, respectively, and that of carcinogenic risk was as high as 100%. Among toxic elements, Cd and iAs were the main risk factors for health risks. The high-level health-risk areas mainly occurred in the north-eastern and central parts of the study area. Sensitivity analysis highlighted that the top three influential parameters for non-carcinogenic risk in adults were Content(Cd), Content(iAs), and Bioaccessibility(Cd), whereas those in children were ingestion rate of rice, Content(Cd), and Content(iAs). The Content(Cd) was the decisive factor for carcinogenic risk, with a sensitivity coefficient of 78.0% in adults and 64.7% in children. Considering the high risk of ingestion of local rice in this area, it is imperative to place strict supervision and take control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulong Wen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Lv
- Risk assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanming Chen
- Risk assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
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12
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Parker GH, Gillie CE, Miller JV, Badger DE, Kreider ML. Human Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Ingestion from Baby Foods. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:238-249. [PMID: 35198407 PMCID: PMC8850323 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As, Cd and Pb detected in baby foods containing fruit, grain, and root vegetables. Select product HIs exceeded 1 for As and Pb using conservative assumptions. Cancer risks exceeded 10−6 and were driven by As from grain products. Analysis revealed minimal risk under most scenarios using conservative assumptions.
Recently, the U.S. House of Representatives reported on the presence of heavy metals in raw ingredients used in baby foods and in finished baby food products themselves. In light of these concerns, this study aimed to evaluate potential risks associated with the presence of heavy metals in baby food products. We analyzed 36 baby food samples representing four ingredient categories (fruit; leguminous vegetable; root vegetable; or grain) for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). We assessed the potential lifetime cancer and non-cancer health risks posed to infants and toddlers following daily consumption of these chemicals in each food type, based on established daily food-specific ingestion rates. Daily doses were compared against selected reference values and oral slope factors to determine non-cancer hazard indices (HIs) and lifetime cancer risks. Hazard indices indicated a potential for non-cancer risk (e.g., HIs > 1.0) under only a few exposure scenarios, including for As and Pb under selected product type and age/concentration assumptions. Increases in lifetime cancer risks for all analytes across the ingredient categories evaluated ranged from 3.75 × 10−5 to 5.54 × 10−5; cancer risks were primarily driven by As from grain products. Though a limited set of exposure scenarios indicated a potential for health risk, the exposure assumptions in this assessment were conservative, and the heavy metal concentrations we found in baby foods are similar to those observed in similar whole foods. Based on these findings and the limited scenarios under which risks were identified, this study indicates that an infant’s typical intake of baby food is unlikely to pose health risks from heavy metals above accepted tolerable risk levels under most exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deanna E. Badger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marisa L. Kreider
- Cardno ChemRisk now Stantec, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author at: 20 Stanwix Street, Suite 505, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222, USA.
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Moulick D, Samanta S, Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Pattnaik BK, Saha S, Awasthi JP, Bhowmick S, Ghosh D, Samal AC, Mahanta S, Mazumder MK, Choudhury S, Bramhachari K, Biswas JK, Santra SC. Arsenic contamination, impact and mitigation strategies in rice agro-environment: An inclusive insight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149477. [PMID: 34426348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination and its adverse consequences on rice agroecosystem are well known. Rice has the credit to feed more than 50% of the world population but concurrently, rice accumulates a substantial amount of As, thereby compromising food security. The gravity of the situation lays in the fact that the population in theAs uncontaminated areas may be accidentally exposed to toxic levels of As from rice consumption. In this review, we are trying to summarize the documents on the impact of As contamination and phytotoxicity in past two decades. The unique feature of this attempt is wide spectrum coverages of topics, and that makes it truly an interdisciplinary review. Aprat from the behaviour of As in rice field soil, we have documented the cellular and molecular response of rice plant upon exposure to As. The potential of various mitigation strategies with particular emphasis on using biochar, seed priming technology, irrigation management, transgenic variety development and other agronomic methods have been critically explored. The review attempts to give a comprehensive and multidiciplinary insight into the behaviour of As in Paddy -Water - Soil - Plate prospective from molecular to post-harvest phase. From the comprehensive literature review, we may conclude that considerable emphasis on rice grain, nutritional and anti-nutritional components, and grain quality traits under arsenic stress condition is yet to be given. Besides these, some emerging mitigation options like seed priming technology, adoption of nanotechnological strategies, applications of biochar should be fortified in large scale without interfering with the proper use of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Suman Samanta
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arkabanee Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
| | - Binaya Kumar Pattnaik
- Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Saikat Saha
- Nadia Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia 741234, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Awasthi
- Department of Botany, Government College Lamta, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh 481551, India.
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Alok Chandra Samal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subrata Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014, India.
| | | | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Koushik Bramhachari
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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14
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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption and Irrigation in Relation to Arsenic Concentration in Flow Systems in a Semi-Arid Mexican Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158045. [PMID: 34360340 PMCID: PMC8345690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The supply of drinking water to the population is an important challenge facing humanity, since both surface and underground sources present a great variability of water storage with respect to space and time. This problem is further aggravated in arid and semi-arid areas where rainfall is low and torrential, which makes groundwater the main source of supply; therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies that allow evaluating the evolution of the quantity and quality of water. This study addresses the behavior of groundwater in a semi-arid region, considering the theory of flow systems to identify movement as well as water quality, es determined by a water quality index (WQI), calculated considering arsenic and fluorine. In addition, a quality irrigation classification is used, employing the norms in accordance with international standards and the Mexican Norm, which allows for a comparison. Local, regional, intermediate and mixed flow systems are identified, and the evolution of cations and anions in addition to temperature is examined. It is observed that the drinking water quality index classifies them as excellent in most of the monitored wells (<50), but with a negative evolution. Regarding irrigation, most of the water samples are classified without restriction for the establishment of any type II crop (C2S1) and with restrictions for horticultural crops. It is observed that arsenic had values between 0.49 and 61.40 (µg/L) in 2005, while in 2015 they were between 0.10 and 241.30 (µg/L). In addition, fluoride presented values between 0.00 and 2.6 (mg/L) in 2005, while in 2015 they were between 0.28 and 5.40 (mg/L). The correlations between arsenic and fluorine are noted as well as WQI and SAR. A finding in this research was to include arsenic and fluorine in the calculation of the WQI allowing a better interpretation of the quality of water for both human consumption and for agricultural use to based on this make the best decision to control any harmful effects for the population, in addition to identifying the appropriate purification treatment required to control pollutants. It is concluded that arsenic is an element of utmost importance when considering water quality, so it is necessary to examine its evolution and continue to monitor its levels constantly.
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15
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Lin J, Sun D, Zhang Z, Duan Z, Dong J. Heavy metals and health risk of rice sampled in Yangtze River Delta, China. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2021; 14:133-140. [PMID: 33840360 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2021.1903568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to heavy metals is threatening human health worldwide. In this study, the concentration of cadmium, mercury, arsenic and chromium in 258 samples of brown rice, grown in Yangtze River Delta where the soils were low-level contaminated, were investigated. In 12 (4.6%) and 10 (3.9%) rice samples the concentrations of Cd and Hg, respectively, exceeded the limit for food. ANOVA showed that Cd and Hg concentrations in rice grains collected from Nanjing and Jiaxing were higher than in the less developed city Yancheng. Students' t-test showed Cd and Hg were accumulated in hybrid rice higher than in conventional rice. The hazard quotients (HQs) showed a low risk from rice consumption. Conventional rice was recommended to cultivate to reduce the current risk in the soil defined as safe use level in Yangtze River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Natural Resources, Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Evaluation and Remediation of Agricultural Land in Plain Area, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Sun
- Technology Extension Station of Agriculture and Fisheries of Nanhu District of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Ministry of Natural Resources, Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Evaluation and Remediation of Agricultural Land in Plain Area, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Ministry of Natural Resources, Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Evaluation and Remediation of Agricultural Land in Plain Area, Hangzhou, China
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Herrero Fernández Z, Estevez Álvarez JR, Montero Álvarez A, Muñiz Ugarte O, Pupo González I, Rodríguez González M, Dos Santos Júnior JA, Bezerra MBCF, Dos Santos Junior OP. Metal contaminants in rice from Cuba analyzed by ICP-MS, ICP-AES and CVAAS. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2021; 14:59-65. [PMID: 33441053 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1870576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic are considered hazardous pollutants in the environment, which can result in a risk for human health. This study aimed to determine the contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, CVAAS and ICP-AES in paddy and brown rice, grown in different soils of Cuba. The interest to include Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn was because these elements are found in very high levels in agricultural soils. To assess the safety of the dietary intake of these metals, the estimated weekly intake was calculated. The contents of Cd and As were below the maximum limits. A higher value was obtained for Pb when compared to Codex Alimentarius limits. The weekly intake of Cr and Ni was higher than the maximum weekly intake recommended by FAO/WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahily Herrero Fernández
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba.,Department of Nuclear Energy (UFPE/DEN), Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Montero Álvarez
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba
| | - Olegario Muñiz Ugarte
- Deparment of Nuclear Energy, Institute of Soils (IS) Highway Costa-Costa and Carretera de Vento , Havana, Cuba
| | - Iván Pupo González
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba
| | - Maydel Rodríguez González
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba
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