1
|
Calvo Salamanca AM, Mayorga Mogollon OL, Chaali N, Ariza-Nieto C, Beltran-Medina JI, Ortiz Cuadros RE, Duran Cruz EN. ICP-OES analysis of total As and Cd in Columbian Oryza sativa L. rice. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:16-27. [PMID: 38111355 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2278805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are considered toxic elements, even at trace levels. Their accurate quantification in crops can be complex at low levels and due to interference with other elements. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method for As and Cd quantification in rice stem and grains from the production systems "Irrigated Rice Ecosystems" (IRE) and "Rainfed Rice Ecosystems" (RRE) in Colombia. Mineralisation was carried out by acid digestion using an open system with a heating plate. Metal detection was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Method adjustment, calibration, and validation were performed in accordance with AOAC standards, considering sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity parameters. The obtained method was applied to quantify levels in 259 rice stem and 443 grain samples from IRE and RRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Calvo Salamanca
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research-AGROSAVIA, Mosquera, Colombia
| | | | - Nesrine Chaali
- Nataima Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research-AGROSAVIA, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Claudia Ariza-Nieto
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research-AGROSAVIA, Mosquera, Colombia
| | | | | | - Erika Natalia Duran Cruz
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research-AGROSAVIA, Mosquera, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang S, Zhou Q, Sun L, Sun Y, Qin Q, Song K, Zhu Z, Liu X, Xue Y. A prospective health risks analysis of regulatory limits for heavy metals in rice from representative organizations and countries worldwide: Are they protective? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167130. [PMID: 37751841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals contamination in rice has been one of the most public concerns globally; thus, many countries and organizations issued the maximum acceptable limits (MALs) of their concentrations in rice to regulate food safety and health risks. However, the applicability of these MALs has rarely been thoroughly evaluated. This study collected the MALs of heavy metals for rice from representative countries and organizations around the world. We assessed the critical health risks in the case of metal concentrations that reached the MALs for the first time. Results showed great variability of rice regulation limits owing to different processing methods (paddy, polished, and brown rice) and metal types (mainly focusing on inorganic As, Cd, and Pb). Risk analysis revealed that the inorganic As limits and part of Cd limits for polished rice generated relatively high health risks, indicating that their risks may be underestimated. Monte Carlo simulation further showed that the daily intake rate of rice (IRrice) is the largest contributor to total variances for the derivation of MALs, and regulation limits decreased with the augment of IRrice. Overall, we suggest a cautious reduction in the allowable limits of certain metals (such as inorganic As and part of Cd) in rice as their health risks and toxicity may be underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Qianhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Ke Song
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China.
| |
Collapse
|