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Brown T, Almiento L, Yu ML, Bhopti A. The Sensory Processing Measure - Second Edition: A Critical Review and Appraisal. Occup Ther Health Care 2023:1-34. [PMID: 37975837 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2280216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to provide an overview and critique of the newly updated Sensory Processing Measure - second edition (SPM-2) to assist clinicians in understanding its strengths and limitations and in selecting an appropriate sensory processing scale that best meets their clients' needs. Using four established research methodological quality critique tools, the SPM-2's family of age-related versions was evaluated by administering the tools separately and discussed their scoring and findings to reach a consensus on all ratings. The tools identified several strengths and weaknesses of the SPM-2. The SPM-2's items on its age-related versions scored well in the criteria of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, explanation of the instrument design, construct validity, content validity, criterion validity and ease of administration, and scoring. However, a lack of normative data for participant groups outside of the United States, methodological limitations, and a lack of investigation into some important psychometric properties, particularly responsiveness, were identified as notable weaknesses of the SPM-2's items on its age-related versions based on the critique criteria. Overall, despite the areas needing further development and investigation, the SPM-2 is considered a psychometrically sound tool that provides a reliable and valid approach to measuring aspects of the sensory processing construct across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luca Almiento
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mong-Lin Yu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anoo Bhopti
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Chen HA, Hovens IB, Davis XS, Hutelin Z, Wall KM, Small DM. Identification of a novel link between adiposity and visuospatial perception. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:423-433. [PMID: 36546337 PMCID: PMC9877146 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent work has reported a negative association between BMI and performance on the Penn Line Orientation Task. To determine the reliability of this effect, a comprehensive assessment of visual function in individuals with healthy weight (HW) and those with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) was performed. METHODS Visual acuity/contrast, Penn Line Orientation Task, and higher-order visuospatial function were measured in 80 (40 with HW, 40 with OW/OB) case-control study participants. Adiposity, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, diet, physical activity, and heart rate variability were also assessed. A subgroup of 22 participants plus 5 additional participants (n = 27) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. RESULTS Compared with those with HW, individuals with OW/OB performed worse on tasks requiring judgments of line orientation. This effect was mediated by body fat percentage and was unrelated to other measures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed a negative association between BMI and response in the primary visual cortex (V1) during line orientation judgment. Performance was unrelated to V1 response but positively correlated with response in a network of regions, including the lateral occipital cortex, when BMI was accounted for in the model. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a selective deficit in line orientation perception associated with adiposity and blunted activation in the V1 that cannot be attributed to visual acuity and does not generalize to other visuospatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Alexander Chen
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Iris B. Hovens
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Xue S. Davis
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Zach Hutelin
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kathryn M. Wall
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Dana M. Small
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Karlsson P, Honan I, Warschausky S, Kaufman JN, Henry G, Stephenson C, Webb A, McEwan A, Badawi N. A validation and acceptability study of cognitive testing using switch and eye-gaze control technologies for children with motor and speech impairments: A protocol paper. Front Psychol 2022; 13:991000. [PMID: 36225713 PMCID: PMC9549908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.991000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of knowing the cognitive capabilities of children with neurodevelopmental conditions, less than one-third of children with cerebral palsy participate in standardized assessments. Globally, approximately 50% of people with cerebral palsy have an intellectual disability and there is significant risk for domain-specific cognitive impairments for the majority of people with cerebral palsy. However, standardized cognitive assessment tools are not accessible to many children with cerebral palsy, as they require manual manipulation of objects, verbal response and/or speeded response. As such, standardised assessment may result in an underestimation of abilities for children with significant motor and/or speech impairment. The overall aim of the project is to examine and compare the psychometric properties of standardised cognitive assessment tools that have been accommodated for use with either a switch device or eye-gaze control technologies, with the specific aims to: (1) Examine the psychometric properties (measurement agreement and validity) of accommodated assessment tools by comparing the performance of typically developing children on six cognitive assessment tools administered via standardised versus accommodated (switch or eye-gaze control) administration; (2) Describe and compare the performance and user experience of children with cerebral palsy on six accommodated cognitive assessments administered via switch or eye-gaze control technologies. Secondary aims are to: (1) Describe the completion rates and time to complete assessments of participants in each group; (2) Within the group with cerebral palsy, examine the effects of condition-specific characteristics (type of cerebral palsy, functional levels, and pain) and demographics (age, socio-demographic) on participation. This protocol paper describes a two-phase validation and acceptability study that utilizes a mixed-model design. This study will collect concurrent data from 80 typically developing children and 40 children with cerebral palsy, who use switch or eye-gaze control technology as alternate access communication methods. The set of instruments will measure receptive vocabulary, fluid reasoning, sustained attention, vision perception, visuospatial working memory and executive functions. Data analyses will be conducted using SPSS v. 25 and R v 4.1.0. SPSS Sample Power 3 was used for power computation and allows for a 10% drop out rate. Quantitative descriptive statistics, measurement agreement data plotting, bivariate and multiple regressions analysis will be conducted using appropriate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Karlsson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Petra Karlsson,
| | - Ingrid Honan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seth Warschausky
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacqueline N. Kaufman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Georgina Henry
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Candice Stephenson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair McEwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hong DG, Ryu TK, Kim BJ, Lee YS, Jeong Y. Psychometric properties of the Korean Motor-free Visual Perception Test-4 in healthy people. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2022; 34:113-120. [PMID: 34987349 PMCID: PMC8721584 DOI: 10.1177/15691861211033913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to cross-culturally adapt the Motor-free Visual Perception Test 4 (MVPT-4) for use in Korean contexts and examine its psychometric properties. Methods The Korean MVPT-4 (K-MVPT-4) was developed via the process of translation, back-translation, and expert committee review. To establish internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and construct validity of the K-MVPT-4, 295 healthy people aged 10 to 79 years participated in this study. Participants completed the measures for the test-retest reliability on two occasions, 2 weeks apart. Results After three steps of cross-cultural adaptation, the K-MVPT-4 was revised to improve its alignment with Korean cultural norms. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was .857 and intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was .949. The K-MVPT-4 scores were significantly correlated with those of three motor-reduced subscales of the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Adolescent (K-DTVP-A) (r = .44-.46, p < .01). Participants' age significantly influenced the K-MVPT-4 scores (p < .001) while their gender did not affect those scores (p = .409). As the age increased, the K-MVPT-4 scores decreased. Conclusions The findings indicated that the K-MVPT-4 is a reliable and valid test that Korean rehabilitation service providers can use with confidence to assess clients' visual perceptual abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Gi Hong
- Wonkwang University, Institution of Enviroscience, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Ryu
- Wonkwang University, Institution of Enviroscience, South Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Wonkwang University, Institution of Enviroscience, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sun Lee
- Gangseo Cerbral Palsy Welfare Center, South Korea
| | - Yunwha Jeong
- College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, South Korea
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Licciardi L, Brown T. An overview & critical review of the Sensory Profile - second edition. Scand J Occup Ther 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34057881 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2021.1930148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sensory Profile-2 (SP-2) is the recently revised set of scales that provide information about a child's responses to different types of sensory stimuli. AIM To examine the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the SP-2 using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) and Quality Criteria for Health Status Questionnaires (QCHSQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS The methodological quality and psychometric properties for each of the SP-2 scales were examined by two assessors using the COSMIN and QCHSQ. RESULTS The COSMIN revealed that the SP-2 demonstrated strengths in patient-related outcome measure design and internal consistency. However, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity and structural validity (construct validity) were notable shortcomings. The QCHSQ indicated the SP-2 has merits in its content validity and construct validity. The SP-2 manual reported insufficient evidence of its responsiveness, interpretability and criterion validity. CONCLUSION Informed assessment selection is fundamental for evidence-based and quality occupational therapy practice provision. Overall, the SP-2 is considered to have adequate psychometric properties, however users should be mindful of the identified shortcomings. SIGNIFICANCE The review and critique of the SP-2 adds to the body of knowledge about the revised instrument and provides an objective perspective about its strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Licciardi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Waddington J, Pickering JS, Hodgson T. The Table-top Visual Search Ability Test for children and young people: Normative response time data from typically developing children. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619620915258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five table-top tasks were developed to test the visual search ability of children and young people in a real-world context, and to assess the transfer of training-related improvements in visual search on computerised tasks to real-world activities. Each task involved searching for a set of target objects among distracting objects on a table-top. Performance on the Table-top Visual Search Ability Test for Children (TVSAT-C) was measured as the time spent searching for targets divided by the number of targets found. A total of 108 typically developing children (3–11 years old) and eight children with vision impairment (7–12 years old) participated in the study. A significant correlation was found between log-transformed age and log-transformed performance ( R2 = .65, p = 4 × 10−26) in our normative sample, indicating a monomial power law relationship between age and performance with an exponent of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] We calculated age-dependent percentiles and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the third percentile as the optimal cut-off for detecting a visual search deficit, giving a specificity of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and sensitivity of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for the test. Further studies are required to calculate measures of reliability and external validity, to confirm sensitivity for visual search deficits, and to investigate the most appropriate response modes for participants with conditions that affect manual dexterity. In addition, more work is needed to assess construct validity where semantic knowledge is required that younger children may not have experience with. We have made the protocol and age-dependent normative data available for those interested in using the test in research or practice, and to illustrate the smooth developmental trajectory of visual search ability during childhood.
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Valarmathi A, Suresh K, Venkatesh L, T S. Visual-perceptual function of children using the developmental test of visual perception-3. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:32-36. [PMID: 33689639 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical relevance: The development of region-specific norms for the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, third edition (DTVP-3), from a group of children from South India will contribute to the assessment of visual-perceptual skills in children.Background: Visual-perceptual skills are crucial for children to understand their environment, perform activities of daily living, and cope with their learning environment. These perceptual skills also influence children's behavioural characteristics. Well-constructed, norm-referenced standardised tools are vital for assessing visual-perceptual skills. Since ethnicity and cultural background may influence the performance of perceptual tasks, the proposed norms for any assessment tool need to be validated for specific populations. Hence, the current study aimed to develop norms in the Indian context for the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, third edition (DTVP-3), and compare the obtained norms with the norms established in the United States of America.Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven healthy children (mean age: 9.5 ± 1.7 years, range: 7-12 years, 67 females) participated in the study. Visual-perceptual functions including eye-hand coordination, copying, figure-ground, visual closure, and form constancy, were assessed and compared with age-matched norms provided in the test manual. Internal consistency of DTVP-3 was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha correlation coefficients.Results: Significant differences were observed between the study groups and the given norms for assessment of the abilities of eye-hand coordination, copying skills and visual figure-ground (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found for visual closure and form constancy subtests. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the five subtests ranged from 0.70 to 0.91 while the composite indexes had coefficients from 0.90 to 0.93.Conclusion: The DTVP-3 showed acceptable limits of internal consistency when tested in a group of children from South India. Region-specific norms need to be used for each of the subtests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valarmathi
- Department of Optometry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Lakshmi Venkatesh
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Santhanam T
- SDS Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chennai, India
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Köse B, Karabulut E, Akı E. Investigating the interchangeability and clinical utility of MVPT-3 and MVPT-4 for 7-10 year children with and without specific learning disabilities. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2019; 10:258-265. [PMID: 31657245 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2019.1681270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity levels of MVPT-3 and MVPT-4 in 7-10 year children with specific learning disabilities (SLD) and to compare the clinical usability of these assessment tools. This study was designed as a case-controlled study. 96 ( study group = 48, control group = 48) 7-10 year children were included. The study occurred three stages. In the first place, MVPT-3 and MVPT-4 tests were examined with reference to the Core Outcome Set(COS) evaluation criteria. In the second step, the similarities and differences of MVPT-3 and MVPT-4 tests observed in clinical practices were examined by taking the feedback of experts. In the last step, in order to examine the sensitivity and specificity levels of the tests, assessments were performed in two groups with 1-week intervals. According to the COS results; MVPT-3 test was examined better than MVPT-4 test under cross-cultural validity title. The sensitivity and specificity of the MVPT-3 test were 0.68 and 0.77, and the sensitivity and specificity of MVPT-4 test were 0.50 and 0.87 respectively. This study will help clinicians working on children aged 7-10 to decide the type of test they will use to evaluate visual perception processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkın Köse
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karabulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Akı
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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