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Ponce-Bordón JC, Polo-Tejada J, Sanabria-Pino B, Rubio-Morales A, García-Calvo T, Lobo-Triviño D. The Influence of the Playing Surface on Workload Response in Spanish Professional Male Soccer Players. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4506. [PMID: 39065903 PMCID: PMC11281269 DOI: 10.3390/s24144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the influence of the playing surface on workload-related variables (i.e., external load, Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and mental load) in training sessions with a Spanish professional soccer team. Twenty professional male players from the same soccer team were involved. A total of thirty training sessions related to the preseason period were included. All the players completed training sessions on three playing surfaces: natural turf of poor quality, natural turf of high quality, and third-generation artificial turf. Monitoring during sessions involved assessing internal load (i.e., RPE and mental load) via self-reported questionnaires, and external load using Global Positioning System devices. Linear mixed models showed that RPE was significantly higher on natural turf of high quality than on natural turf of poor quality (p < 0.001). Total distance, relative total distance, the number of accelerations, decelerations, and high metabolic load distance were significantly lower on third-generation artificial turf compared to natural turf of poor quality (p < 0.001) and high quality (p < 0.001). In addition, high-speed running, sprint running distances, and the number of sprints reached higher values on third-generation artificial turf compared to the other two playing surfaces. These findings highlight the need for coaches to consider the type of training surface in soccer to optimize training load planning and prevent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad, S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.P.-B.); (J.P.-T.); (B.S.-P.); (A.R.-M.); (D.L.-T.)
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2
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Kirk MM, Mattock JPM, Coltman CE, Steele JR. What do male netball players want in their footwear? Design recommendations for netball-specific shoes for men. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 113:104075. [PMID: 37392557 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing professionalisation of men's netball and the high prevalence of foot-related problems and pain, manufacturers must develop shoes with the correct ergonomic design to meet the unique needs of male netball players. This study aimed to determine what factors men consider when selecting a netball-specific shoe and what design features they want in an ideal netball-specific shoe. 279 amateur, sub-elite and elite male netball players completed a 38-question online survey about their footwear habits and preferences. Support was the most influential factor when men selected a netball-specific shoe. A wider toe-box, more durable upper and outsole, and added cushioning and support in the midsole and insole were preferred fit, form and function features for an ideal netball-specific shoe. We recommend that manufacturers develop a range of netball-specific shoes based on the foot dimensions, playing demands and preferences of male netball players to meet men's fit and functionality requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison M Kirk
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Joshua P M Mattock
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Celeste E Coltman
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Australia
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3
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Bagehorn T, Lysdal FG, Jakobsen L, de Zee M, Kersting UG. Medio-lateral and lateral edge friction in indoor sports shoes. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2127921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bagehorn
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Filip Gertz Lysdal
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Jakobsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mark de Zee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Uwe G. Kersting
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Barrons ZB, Esposito MJS, Stefanyshyn DJ, Wannop JW. The traction requirements of female and male basketball players. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach B. Barrons
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - John W. Wannop
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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5
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Apps C, Dawson L, Shering B, Siegkas P. Grip socks improve slalom course performance and reduce in-shoe foot displacement of the forefoot in male and female sports players. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1351-1359. [PMID: 35648799 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2080163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether grip socks reduce in-shoe foot motion and improve change of direction performance in team sports players and compared the effects between males and females. A sledge and pulley system confirmed the static coefficient of friction was increased in the grip socks (1.17) compared to the regular socks (0.60). Performance during a slalom course was faster in the grip socks compared to regular socks (p = .001). Yet, there was no difference in the utilised coefficient of friction between the shoe-floor interface during a side-cut and turn change of direction manoeuvre. Three-dimensional motion capture revealed the grip socks reduced in-shoe foot displacement during the braking phase, with greater effect during the sharper turn manoeuvre. The magnitude of natural foot spreading within the shoe was greater in the calcaneus region than the metatarsals which suggests in-shoe sliding may only occur at the forefoot. Males tended to have increased in-shoe displacement, which is associated with larger foot spreading due to their increased mass. Findings provide guidance for product developers to enhance the support inside the shoe at the forefoot, and change of direction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Apps
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura Dawson
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Faculty of Sport, Allied Health & Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK.,School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Billy Shering
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,School of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Petros Siegkas
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,School of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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6
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Lysdal FG, Grønlykke TB, Kersting UG. Spraino: a novel low-friction device for prevention of lateral ankle sprain injuries in indoor sports. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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7
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Thomson A, Bleakley C, Holmes W, Hodge E, Paul D, Wannop JW. Rotational traction of soccer football shoes on a hybrid reinforced turf system and natural grass. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2038690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athol Thomson
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Discipline of Podiatry, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Bleakley
- University of Ulster, School of Health & Life Sciences, Jordanstown, UK
| | - Wayne Holmes
- Aspire Logistics, Aspire Zone Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ewen Hodge
- Aspire Sports Turf, Aspire Zone Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Darren Paul
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - John William Wannop
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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8
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David S, Potthast W. Control strategies during fast turning manoeuvers - the free moment and its contribution to body rotation and joint loading. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2812-2820. [PMID: 34463196 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between ACL relevant knee joint loading and the free (reaction) moment during 90° sidestepping task. It was hypothesized that the specific movement strategy of an athlete will impact this relationship and therefore contribute to joint loading. Functional principal component and canonical correlation analysis were used to understand the nature of free moments and their interaction with 3D joint loading in 52 athletes. It was observed that the orientation of either a positive or negative free moment is associated with different orientations and location of the foot segment at initial touch down. This impacted the rotational moment that is transferred to the knee joint: A higher internal reaction moment is observed when athletes were exposed to a positive free reaction moment, which potentially increases the load on the ACL. Furthermore, the free moment predicted joint moments and joint reaction forces. The interpretation of the principal components identified the function of the free moment to control body rotation. Free moments of different orientation were generated during the same movement, which highlights the importance of investigating individual movement strategies to understand potential injury risk and control factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina David
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Potthast
- Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
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9
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Jakobsen L, Lysdal FG, Sivebaek IM. Dynamic mechanical analysis as a predictor for slip resistance and traction in footwear. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2021.1917680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Jakobsen
- Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Effect of simulated tennis steps and slides on tread element friction and wear. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-021-00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn hard court tennis, players change direction by either stepping or sliding. The shoe–surface friction during these movements is crucial to player performance. Too little friction when stepping may result in a slip. Too much friction when attempting to slide could cause the player to move only a short distance, or to fail to slide. To understand the influence of tread design on shoe–surface friction in tennis, experiments were performed on individual shoe tread elements that replicated the tribological conditions typically experienced during hard court step and slide movements. Tread element orientation had no effect on the static friction in step movements, but longer tread elements (in the sliding direction) had 9% lower dynamic friction during slide movements (p < 0.001). The friction between tennis shoe tread and hard court tennis surfaces is also shown to be influenced by the tread’s sliding history, and the wearing pattern that forms on the surface of the rubber.
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11
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Harrison K, Feeney D, Pryhoda MK, Dicharry J, Nelson NM, Shelburne KB, Davidson BS. Alternative upper configurations during agility-based movements: part 2, joint-level biomechanics. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2021.1899296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Feeney
- Department of Biomechanics, BOA Technology, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Moira K. Pryhoda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Nicholas M. Nelson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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12
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Falch HN, Rædergård HG, van den Tillaar R. Effect of Approach Distance and Change of Direction Angles Upon Step and Joint Kinematics, Peak Muscle Activation, and Change of Direction Performance. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:594567. [PMID: 33345172 PMCID: PMC7739774 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.594567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the step kinematics, joint angles, and muscle activations between change of direction (COD) maneuvers with different angles and approach distances, suggested to require different strength and velocity demands. Twenty-three male soccer players completed eight COD tests consisting of both 4 and 20-m sprint approaches with one directional change which varied between each COD test (45, 90, 135, and 180°). Peak muscle activity, step and joint kinematics of the lower limbs of the plant, and re-acceleration step were measured. Compared to 4-m CODs, the 20-m COD approach distances increased vertical center of mass displacement (p < 0.001), number of deceleration steps (p < 0.001), revealing no statistical differences upon joint angles (p > 0.05). Greater COD angles resulted in increased ankle dorsiflexion, hip abduction and flexion, greater displacement of the center of mass and tibia angle, longer contact times, and more deceleration steps (p < 0.034). The CODs categorized as velocity-dominant revealed higher peak muscle activity in the adductor longus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius. It was concluded that velocity-dominant CODs revealed higher muscle activity due to a higher eccentric loading, implicating task-specific training considerations for enhancing COD performance.
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13
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Sanchez-Sanchez J, Martinez-Rodriguez A, Felipe JL, Hernandez-Martin A, Ubago-Guisado E, Bangsbo J, Gallardo L, Garcia-Unanue J. Effect of Natural Turf, Artificial Turf, and Sand Surfaces on Sprint Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9478. [PMID: 33348874 PMCID: PMC7767268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of natural turf, artificial turf, and sand on sprint performance in different sports and to determine how the sport surface affects sprint performance. A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and SPORTDiscus databases. Out of 5644 studies, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were very heterogeneous, as they examined different structural characteristics or quality parameters. The studies on natural turf and sand showed significant improvements on sprint speed during training. On the other hand, the analysis of fatigue did not reveal significant differences in the deterioration of sprint speed on both natural and artificial turf. Significance was set at p < 0.05. In conclusion, although lower performance in sprint was reported on sand, further studies are needed to explain the differences in sprint on natural and artificial turf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose Luis Felipe
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Martin
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (E.U.-G.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (E.U.-G.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhaguen, 2177 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (E.U.-G.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (E.U.-G.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
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Ismail SI, Nunome H, Tamura Y. Does visual representation of futsal shoes outsole tread groove design resemblance its mechanical traction, dynamic human traction performance, and perceived traction during change of direction and straight sprint tasks? FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1825534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shariman Ismadi Ismail
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Nunome
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Tamura
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Effects of second-generation and indoor sports surfaces on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during 45° and 180° cutting manoeuvres, and exploration using statistical parametric mapping and Bayesian analyses. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Taboga P, Kram R. Modelling the effect of curves on distance running performance. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8222. [PMID: 31879575 PMCID: PMC6927354 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although straight ahead running appears to be faster, distance running races are predominately contested on tracks or roads that involve curves. How much faster could world records be run on straight courses? Methods Here,we propose a model to explain the slower times observed for races involving curves compared to straight running. For a given running velocity, on a curve, the average axial leg force (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${\overline{F}}_{a}$\end{document}F¯a) of a runner is increased due to the need to exert centripetal force. The increased \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${\overline{F}}_{a}$\end{document}F¯a presumably requires a greater rate of metabolic energy expenditure than straight running at the same velocity. We assumed that distance runners maintain a constant metabolic rate and thus slow down on curves accordingly. We combined published equations to estimate the change in the rate of gross metabolic energy expenditure as a function of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${\overline{F}}_{a}$\end{document}F¯a, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${\overline{F}}_{a}$\end{document}F¯a depends on curve radius and velocity, with an equation for the gross rate of oxygen uptake as a function of velocity. We compared performances between straight courses and courses with different curve radii and geometries. Results The differences between our model predictions and the actual indoor world records, are between 0.45% in 3,000 m and 1.78% in the 1,500 m for males, and 0.59% in the 5,000 m and 1.76% in the 3,000 m for females. We estimate that a 2:01:39 marathon on a 400 m track, corresponds to 2:01:32 on a straight path and to 2:02:00 on a 200 m track. Conclusion Our model predicts that compared to straight racecourses, the increased time due to curves, is notable for smaller curve radii and for faster velocities. But, for larger radii and slower speeds, the time increase is negligible and the general perception of the magnitude of the effects of curves on road racing performance is not supported by our calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Taboga
- Kinesiology Department, California State University, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Rodger Kram
- Integrative Physiology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
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Apps C, Rodrigues P, Isherwood J, Lake M. Footwear insoles with higher frictional properties enhance performance by reducing in-shoe sliding during rapid changes of direction. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:206-213. [PMID: 31722621 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1690618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel 3D motion capture analysis assessed the efficacy of insoles in maintaining the foot position on the midsole platform inside the shoe during rapid change of direction manoeuvres used in team sports. An insole (TI) with increased static (35%) and dynamic (49%) coefficient of friction compared to a regular insole (SI) was tested. Change of direction performance was faster (p < .001) and perceived to be faster (p < .001) in TI compared to SI. Participants utilised greater coefficient of friction in TI compared to SI during a complete turn, but not during a 20 degree side-cut. In-shoe foot sliding reduced across the forefoot and midfoot during the braking phase of the turn and in the rearfoot during the side-cut in TI. Greater in-shoe foot sliding occurred in the turn than the side-cut across all foot regions. Results provide guidance for athletic footwear design to help limit in-shoe foot sliding and improve change of direction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Apps
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- Sports Research Laboratory, New Balance Athletics, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Isherwood
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Lake
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Lam WK, Kan WH, Chia JS, Kong PW. Effect of shoe modifications on biomechanical changes in basketball: A systematic review. Sports Biomech 2019; 21:577-603. [PMID: 31578122 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1656770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Shoe modifications are suggested to reduce the risks of injuries and improve sports performance in basketball. This review aimed to critically evaluate the effect of different basketball shoe modifications on biomechanical changes in basketball movements. Searches of four major databases for biomechanics studies which evaluated footwear construction/material in basketball yielded 442 records. After duplicates were removed and exclusion/inclusion criteria applied to the titles and abstracts, 20 articles remained for further quality assessment. Two reviewers independently confirmed 17 articles (n = 340 participants), with 95.5% of agreement between judgements, which were included for review. The results were categorised based on the following shoe modifications: (a) cushioning, (b) midsole hardness, (c) collar height, (d) outsole traction component, (e) forefoot bending stiffness and (f) shoe mass that influence lower limb biomechanics. The included articles revealed that 1) better shoe cushioning or softer midsole is related to better impact attenuation in passive/unanticipated situations, 2) high shoe collars are effective to improve ankle stability in jumping and cutting tasks, 3) increased shoe traction and forefoot bending stiffness can improve basketball jump, sprint and/or cut performances and 4) lighter shoe mass results in better jump and/or cut performances when the shoe mass is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing K Lam
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University , Shenyang , China.,Li Ning Sports Sciences Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd. , Beijing , China
| | - Wei H Kan
- Li Ning Sports Sciences Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd. , Beijing , China.,Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jingyi S Chia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Pui W Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
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19
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Unterreiner D, David S, Lanzer R, Potthast W. Foot kinematics in cutting maneuvers – intra- and inter-subject variability and its application to footwear science. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina David
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Koln, Koln, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Potthast
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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20
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d'Andrea F, Heller B, James D, Koerger H, Dunn M. Ground reaction force estimation in football using inertial measurement units during alternate lateral bounding. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca d'Andrea
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ben Heller
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David James
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Labosport UK, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Marcus Dunn
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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21
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Barrons ZB, Ura D, Bill K, Cooke ES, Wannop JW, Stefanyshyn D. Required traction during common rugby movements. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach B. Barrons
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Ura
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Bill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - John W. Wannop
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren Stefanyshyn
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Maurus P, Asmussen MJ, Cigoja S, Nigg SR, Nigg BM. The Submaximal Lateral Shuffle Test: A reliability and sensitivity analysis. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2066-2074. [PMID: 31164055 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1620988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lateral ankle stability and how it changes in different footwear has been investigated for years. Research, however, has shown a lack of reliability or sensitivity of available methodologies. This study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability and sensitivity of a novel lateral stability protocol, the Submaximal Lateral Shuffle Test (SLST). We recruited 11 and 40 participants to assess reliability and sensitivity of the SLST, respectively. Participants performed the SLST in footwear that differed in collar height and upper stiffness. ICC values showed good to excellent reliability in peak ankle angles and moments, ground reaction forces, impulses, stance time, and performance time. Significantly lower peak inversion and adduction angles and lower medio-lateral push off peak forces were found in the high cut shoes compared to the low cut shoes. The medio-lateral landing peak force showed lower forces in the high cut shoes. The smallest worthwhile change indicated meaningful differences in 70.0-82.5% of participants for inversion, adduction, medio-lateral landing peak, and push off peak forces. These results, however, were not systematic such that there was not a consistent direction of the difference for all participants. In conclusion, the SLST is a promising protocol to further investigate lateral stability in footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Maurus
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , The University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada.,b Institute of Sports and Sports Science , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Michael J Asmussen
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , The University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Sasa Cigoja
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , The University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Sandro R Nigg
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , The University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Benno M Nigg
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , The University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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23
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Wannop JW, Stefanyshyn DJ, Anderson RB, Coughlin MJ, Kent R. Development of a Footwear Sizing System in the National Football League. Sports Health 2018; 11:40-46. [PMID: 30048212 PMCID: PMC6299345 DOI: 10.1177/1941738118789402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Footwear performance and injury mitigation may be compromised if the footwear
is not properly sized for an athlete. Additionally, poor fit may result in
discomfort and foot injury such as fifth metatarsal stress fracture, foot
deformities, turf toe, and blisters. Current footwear fitting methods
consist of foot length and width measurements, which may not properly
describe the shape of the individual foot, correlated with shoe size
descriptors that are not standardized. Footwear manufacturers employ a range
of sizing rubrics, which introduces shoe size and shape variability between
and even within footwear companies. This article describes the synthesis of
literature to inform the development and deployment of an objective footwear
fitting system in the National Football League (NFL). The process may inform
athletic footwear fitting at other levels of play and in other sports. Evidence Acquisition: Literature related to footwear fitting, sizing, and foot scanning from 1980
through 2017 was compiled using electronic databases. Reference lists of
articles were examined for additional relevant studies. Sixty-five sources
are included in this descriptive review. Study Type: Descriptive review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Current methods of footwear fitting and variability in the size and shape of
athletic footwear complicate proper fitting of footwear to athletes. An
objective measurement and recommendation system that can match the
3-dimensional shape of an athlete’s foot to the internal shape of available
shoe models can provide important guidance for footwear selection. One such
system has been deployed in the NFL. Conclusion: An objective footwear fitting system based on 3-dimensional shape matching of
feet and shoes can facilitate the selection of footwear that properly fits
an athlete’s foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wannop
- Human Performance Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Richard Kent
- Biomechanics Consulting and Research (Biocore), Charlottesville, Virginia.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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24
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Worobets J, Wannop JW. Influence of basketball shoe mass, outsole traction, and forefoot bending stiffness on three athletic movements. Sports Biomech 2016; 14:351-60. [PMID: 26517604 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2015.1084031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that footwear can enhance athletic performance. However, public information is not available on what basketball shoe properties should be selected to maximise movement performance. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of basketball shoe mass, outsole traction, and forefoot bending stiffness on sprinting, jumping, and cutting performance. Each of these three basketball shoe properties was systematically varied by ± 20% to produce three shoe conditions of varying mass, three conditions of varying traction, and three conditions of varying bending stiffness. Each shoe was tested by 20 recreational basketball players completing maximal effort sprints, vertical jumps, and a cutting drill. Outsole traction had the largest influence on performance, as the participants performed significantly worse in all tests when traction was decreased by 20% (p < 0.001), and performed significantly better in the cutting drill when traction was increased by 20% (p = 0.005). Forefoot bending stiffness had a moderate effect on sprint and cutting performance (p = 0.013 and p = 0.016 respectively) and shoe mass was found to have no effect on performance. Therefore, choosing a shoe with relatively high outsole traction and forefoot bending stiffness should be prioritised, and less concern should be focused on selecting the lightest shoe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Worobets
- a Human Performance Lab , University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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25
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26
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Thomson A, Whiteley R, Bleakley C. Higher shoe-surface interaction is associated with doubling of lower extremity injury risk in football codes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1245-52. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Sánchez-Sánchez J, García-Unanue J, Jiménez-Reyes P, Gallardo A, Burillo P, Felipe JL, Gallardo L. Influence of the mechanical properties of third-generation artificial turf systems on soccer players' physiological and physical performance and their perceptions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111368. [PMID: 25354188 PMCID: PMC4213020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the mechanical properties of artificial turf systems on soccer players' performance. A battery of perceptive physiological and physical tests were developed on four different structural systems of artificial turf (System 1: Compacted gravel sub-base without elastic layer; System 2: Compacted gravel sub-base with elastic layer; System 3: Asphalt sub-base without elastic layer; System 4: Asphalt sub-base with elastic layer). The sample was composed of 18 soccer players (22.44±1.72 years) who typically train and compete on artificial turf. The artificial turf system with less rotational traction (S3) showed higher total time in the Repeated Sprint Ability test in comparison to the systems with intermediate values (49.46±1.75 s vs 47.55±1.82 s (S1) and 47.85±1.59 s (S2); p<0.001). The performance in jumping tests (countermovement jump and squat jump) and ball kicking to goal decreased after the RSA test in all surfaces assessed (p<0.05), since the artificial turf system did not affect performance deterioration (p>0.05). The physiological load was similar in all four artificial turf systems. However, players felt more comfortable on the harder and more rigid system (S4; visual analogue scale = 70.83±14.28) than on the softer artificial turf system (S2; visual analogue scale = 54.24±19.63). The lineal regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the mechanical properties of the surface of 16.5%, 15.8% and 7.1% on the mean time of the sprint, the best sprint time and the maximum mean speed in the RSA test respectively. Results suggest a mechanical heterogeneity between the systems of artificial turf which generate differences in the physical performance and in the soccer players' perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- School of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- School of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Gallardo
- School of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Burillo
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Sport Sciences Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Villafranca del Castillo, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Felipe
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- School of Sport Sciences, European University, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Schrier NM, Wannop JW, Lewinson RT, Worobets J, Stefanyshyn D. Shoe traction and surface compliance affect performance of soccer-related movements. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2014.886302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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WANNOP JOHNW, LUO GENG, STEFANYSHYN DARRENJ. Footwear Traction and Lower Extremity Noncontact Injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:2137-43. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318299ac56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Barry B, Milburn P. Tribology, friction and traction: understanding shoe-surface interaction. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2013.797030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Graf ES, Stefanyshyn D. The effect of footwear torsional stiffness on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during lateral cutting movements. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2013.789561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Luo G, Stefanyshyn D. Limb force and non-sagittal plane joint moments during maximum-effort curve sprint running in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:4314-21. [PMID: 22972890 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Compared with running straight, when human runners sprint along a curve, the ability of the inside leg to generate force is compromised. This decreased force generation has been suggested to limit the overall performance of the runner. One theory for this force loss is that the large non-sagittal plane joint moments of the inside leg reach their operating limits, thus prohibiting further generation of the performance-related sagittal plane joint moments. We investigated the inside leg force generation and the ankle and knee joint moments when 13 subjects sprinted with and without an additional mass of 12.4 kg along a curve of 2.5 m radius. The increase in the subjects' mass evoked a significant increase in the resultant ground reaction force. The peak non-sagittal plane moments increased significantly for both the ankle and knee joints. This observation suggests that when sprinting normally with maximum effort, the non-sagittal plane joint moments are not operating at their limits. The large increases in ground reaction force were associated with greater extension moments generated at the knee joint. In contrast, the peak ankle plantarflexion moment remained unchanged across conditions. It is possible that for the specific joint configuration experienced, the overall ability to generate plantarflexion moment reaches the limit. Future studies with interventions increasing the ability of the muscle-tendon units to generate plantarflexion moment may provide an experimental opportunity to further examine this speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Luo
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
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33
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Brauner T, Zwinzscher M, Sterzing T. Basketball footwear requirements are dependent on playing position. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2012.674980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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