Ionic Liquid: Best Alternate to Organic Solvent to Carry Out Organic Synthesis

Green and Facile Preparation of Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Reaction Medium for Advanced Applications

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a new class of crystalline, well-ordered, and porous materials with intermittent constructions, are formed via organic structural parts connected through covalent bonds. These materials have been employed in several fields comprising pollutant adsorption and separation, catalysis, electrical conductivity, gas storage, etc. The preparation of COFs is mainly applied in tubes with high temperatures and degassing treatment. Furthermore, the reaction medium is involved in toxic organic solvents like toluene, dioxane, mesitylene, acetonitrile, and so on. Hence, discovering clean medium and green approaches has attracted wide attention. Recently, facile, less dangerous, and greener methods have been developed for COFs synthesis in diverse applications like performing the reaction at ambient temperature or employing aqueous solvents, ionic liquids, and a mixture of organic solvents/water. This review article summarizes the eco-friendly production approaches of COFs for diverse applications.

Cuspareine as alkaloid against COVID-19 designed with ionic liquids: DFT and docking molecular approaches

Cuspareine as an antiviral alkaloid can be used in the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we introduced the ionic liquids (ILs) concluded cuspareinium as a cation with CH₃COO^-, CF₃COO^-, and PF₆ as anions. The optimized geometry, thermodynamic parameters, and reactivity descriptors were calculated with density functional theory (DFT) approach and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using B3LYP/6-311G. In addition, the UV and IR spectra of the introduced ILs were investigated. Based on DFT calculation, the designed IL CH₃COO^- can be to the most suitable anions due to most solubility in the water. DFT studies displayed that all the introduced ILs have more polarity than pristine cuspareine and CH3COO^--cuspareine is the most polarity due to high dipole moment. Also, the thermo- chemical data of the designed ionic liquids revealed that PF6-cuspareine is distinguished to be stable. A molecular docking study of the designed ILs with 6 LU7 protease was performed to display interactions and binding energy. Results of molecular docking displayed that CH₃COO^- ion liquid has the highest binding energy (- 7.20 kcal/mol) and Ala7, and Lys 5 residues are involved in an interaction. DFT and molecular docking studies of cuspareine as alkaloid based on ionic liquids can be helpful to for more pharmaceutical and biological researches of cuspareine as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.

Sugar-Based Ionic Liquids: Multifaceted Challenges and Intriguing Potential

Carbohydrates represent a promising option in transitioning from oil-based chemical resources to renewable ones, with the goal of developing chemistries for a sustainable future. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and largely available monosaccharides already provide useful chemical building blocks, so-called platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as solvents like cyrene or gamma-valerolactone. Therefore, there is great anticipation for novel applications involving materials and chemicals derived from sugars. In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), sugar-based ILs have been overlooked for a long time, mainly on account of their multistep demanding preparation. However, exploring new strategies for accessing sugar-based ILs, their study, and their exploitation, are attracting increasing interest. This is due to the growing concerns about the negative (eco)toxicity profile of most ILs in conjunction with their non-sustainable nature. In the present review, a literature survey concerning the development of sugar-based ILs since 2011 is presented. Their preparation strategies and thermal behavior analyses, sorted by sugar type, make up the first two sections with the intention to provide the reader with a useful guide. A final overview of the potential applications of sugar-based ILs and their future perspectives complement the present analysis.

Recent Advances in Applications of Supported Ionic Liquids

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The supported ionic liquids have shown immense potential for numerous applications in catalysis and separation science. In the present review, the remarkable contribution of supported ionic liquids has been highlighted. The main emphasis has been laid on describing the facile separation of gas from binary gas mixtures owing to the capability of selective transport of permeable gases across supported membranes and removal of environmentally hazard sulfur compounds from fuels. The catalytic action of supported ionic liquids has been discussed in other applications such as biodiesel (biofuel) synthesis by transesterification/esterification processes, waste CO2 fixation into advantageous cyclic carbonates, and various chemical transformations in organic green synthesis. This review enclosed a maximum of the published data of the last ten years and also recently accomplished work concerning applications in various research areas like separation sciences, chemical transformations in organic green synthesis, biofuel synthesis, waste CO2 fixation, and purification of fuels by desulfurization.

Preparation of new β-D-xyloside- and β-D-xylobioside-based ionic liquids through chemical and/or enzymatic reactions

Several tetraalkylphosphonium and tetraalkylammonium salts containing xyloside- and xylobioside-based anionic moieties have been prepared. Two stereoselective routes have been developed: i) a chemical pathway in four steps from D-xylose, and ii) a chemoenzymatic pathway directly from biomass-derived xylans. These salts displayed interesting properties as ionic liquids. Their structures have been correlated to their thermal properties (melting, glass transition and decomposition temperatures).

Applications of Liquid/Liquid Biphasic Oxidations by Hydrogen Peroxide with Ionic Liquids or Deep Eutectic Solvents

This Minireview focuses on recent applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in biphasic oxidations in which the oxidizing agent corresponds to hydrogen peroxide. Biphasic reactions are accomplished when the substrate presents low or moderate solubility in aqueous (polar) systems and/or when separation of products and byproduct is an issue. The properties of the IL and DES allows the reaction activity to be intensified. On the other hand, the high chemical stability of the ionic solvents allows the use of hydrogen peroxide to minimize solvent degradation and unwanted byproducts. The experimental evidence presented herein shows that ILs and DESs can be used as cocatalysts, catalysts, and solvents to achieve enhanced yields and conversions. The process advantages, in terms of a reduction of volatile solvents, improve the safety and use of the oxidizing agent, which implies the possibility of developing new process improvements in the future.

Palladium supported on phosphinite functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a new magnetically separable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions in aqueous media

Novel phosphinite functionalized magnetic (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles having silica nanoshells containing an imidazolium ionic liquid moiety have been successfully synthesized and used as a support and stabilizer for palladium nanoparticles.