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Mahdavi V, Omar SS, Zeinali T, Sadighara P, Fakhri Y. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment induced by pesticide residues in fresh pistachio in Iran based on Monte Carlo simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40942-40951. [PMID: 36626050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research is aimed at the analysis of 87 pesticides in 30 fresh pistachio samples prepared from stores in Iran by QuEChERS-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results showed at least one pesticide was in 67% of fresh pistachio samples. Kresoxim methyl residue was detected in 20 samples with average of 0.11 mg kg-1; this average is 2.2 times more than maximum residue limit (MRL). Buprofezin was recognized in five samples with average of 0.17 mg kg-1 was observed with 3.4 times more than MRL; hexaconazole and permethrin were recognized in three samples lower than MRL with an average residue of 0.030 and 0.028 mg kg-1, respectively. In addition, potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessments were evaluated using probabilistic methods performed with the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. The order of pesticide ranking based on hazard quotient (HQ) was hexaconazole > buprofezin > permethrin > kresoxim methyl. Total HQ (HI) was 2.0E-4 and for children, 9.0E-4. Hence, it means fresh pistachio consuming maybe not have significant short-term health risks for consumer. Ranking based on cancer risk (CR) was hexaconazole > kresoxim methyl > metalaxyl > permethrin > buprofezin. However, total CR due to pesticide residues was not higher than 1E-6 value (1.09E-9); therefore, consumers were not at significant risk of carcinogenicity in this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sharaf S Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, AL-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 36197, Salt, 11120, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tayebeh Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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2
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Advances in Analysis of Contaminants in Foodstuffs on the Basis of Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry: a Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Cebi N, Manav OG, Olgun EO. Analysis of pesticide residues in hazelnuts using the QuEChERS method by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Shellfish by Online Turbulent Flow Chromatography Coupled to Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Chawla P, Kaushik R, Shiva Swaraj V, Kumar N. Organophosphorus pesticides residues in food and their colorimetric detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Masiá A, Suarez-Varela MM, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Picó Y. Determination of pesticides and veterinary drug residues in food by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:40-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Franco MS, Padovan RN, Fumes BH, Lanças FM. An overview of multidimensional liquid phase separations in food analysis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1768-83. [PMID: 27030380 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a priority public health concern that demands analytical methods capable to detect low concentration level of contaminants (e.g. pesticides and antibiotics) in different food matrices. Due to the high complexity of these matrices, a sample preparation step is in most cases mandatory to achieve satisfactory results being usually tedious, lengthy, and prone to the introduction of errors. For this reason, many research groups have focused efforts on the development of online systems capable to do the cleanup, concentration, and separation steps at once through multidimensional separation techniques (MDS). Among several possible setups, the most popular are the multidimensional chromatographic techniques (MDC) that consist in combining more than one mobile and/or stationary phase to provide a satisfactory separation. In the present review, we selected a variety of multidimensional separation systems used for food contaminant analysis in order to discuss the instrumentation aspects, the concept of orthogonality, column approaches used in these systems, and new materials that can be used in these columns. Selected classes of contaminants present in food matrices are introduced and discussed as example of the potential applications of multidimensional liquid phase separation techniques in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraíssa Silva Franco
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Henrique Fumes
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil
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8
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Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry: The Transformation of Modern Environmental Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010104. [PMID: 26784175 PMCID: PMC4730346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unknown compounds in environmental samples are difficult to identify using standard mass spectrometric methods. Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) has revolutionized how environmental analyses are performed. With its unsurpassed mass accuracy, high resolution and sensitivity, researchers now have a tool for difficult and complex environmental analyses. Two features of FTMS are responsible for changing the face of how complex analyses are accomplished. First is the ability to quickly and with high mass accuracy determine the presence of unknown chemical residues in samples. For years, the field has been limited by mass spectrometric methods that were based on knowing what compounds of interest were. Secondly, by utilizing the high resolution capabilities coupled with the low detection limits of FTMS, analysts also could dilute the sample sufficiently to minimize the ionization changes from varied matrices.
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Senyuva HZ, Gökmen V, Sarikaya EA. Future perspectives in Orbitrap™-high-resolution mass spectrometry in food analysis: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1568-606. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1057240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Determination of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in wheat and barley using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: on-line clean-up versus conventional sample preparation techniques. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:31-39. [PMID: 25481349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the performance of conventional sample preparation techniques used in mycotoxin analyses against automated on-line sample clean-up for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its conjugated derivative, deoxynivalenol-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G), in cereal grains. Blank wheat and barley samples were spiked with DON and D3G, extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile:water (84:16, v/v) and processed by one of the following: extract and shoot, MycoSep(®) 227 clean-up columns, MycoSep 227 with an additional acetonitrile elution step and centrifugal filtration, followed by analysis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Based on method performance characteristics and poor recoveries (<30%) obtained for the polar D3G with some techniques, the extract and shoot approach was chosen for the inter-laboratory method comparison study. Thus, the same spiked samples were analysed in parallel by another laboratory with an in-house validated on-line sample clean-up method, utilising TurboFlow™ chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Method validation was performed by determination of specificity, linearity, recovery, intra-day precision and the limits of detection and quantification. Matrix-matched linearity (R(2)>0.985) was established in the range of 100-1600 and 20-320μg/kg for DON and D3G, respectively. Average recoveries (%RSD) were acceptable with both methods for wheat and barley, ranging between 73% and 102% (3-12%) for DON and 72% and 98% (1-10%) for D3G. The benefit of using automated sample clean-up in comparison to extract and shoot is the ability to inject directly pure extracts into the mass spectrometer, offering faster analyses and improved sensitivity with minimum system maintenance.
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Application of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography linear ion-trap orbitrap to qualitative and quantitative assessment of pesticide residues. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1328:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Giannoulis KM, Giokas DL, Tsogas GZ, Vlessidis AG. Ligand-free gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes for the non-destructive determination of total dithiocarbamate pesticides after solid phase extraction. Talanta 2014; 119:276-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Rapid screening of drugs of abuse in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution and high mass accuracy hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Hayward DG, Wong JW, Shi F, Zhang K, Lee NS, DiBenedetto AL, Hengel MJ. Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis of Botanical Dietary Supplements Using Salt-out Acetonitrile Extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup Column, and Gas Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4686-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400481w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Hayward
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,
5100 Paint Branch Parkway, HFS-706, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835,
United States
| | - Jon W. Wong
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,
5100 Paint Branch Parkway, HFS-706, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835,
United States
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,
5100 Paint Branch Parkway, HFS-706, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835,
United States
| | - Nathaniel S. Lee
- Joint Institute
for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, 1122 Patapsco Building, College Park, Maryland 20742-6730, United
States
| | - Alex L. DiBenedetto
- Joint Institute
for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, 1122 Patapsco Building, College Park, Maryland 20742-6730, United
States
| | - Mathew J. Hengel
- IR-4 Laboratory, University of California, Department of Environmental
Toxicology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-5270, United
States
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15
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Bousova K, Senyuva H, Mittendorf K. Quantitative multi-residue method for determination antibiotics in chicken meat using turbulent flow chromatography coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1274:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Ates E, Mittendorf K, Stroka J, Senyuva H. Determination of fusarium mycotoxins in wheat, maize and animal feed using on-line clean-up with high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 30:156-65. [PMID: 23078086 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.729162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An automated method involving on-line clean-up and analytical separation in a single run using TurboFlow™ reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer has been developed for the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, T2 toxin, HT2 toxin, zearalenone and fumonisins B1 and B2 in maize, wheat and animal feed. Detection was performed in full scan mode at a resolution of R = 100,000 full width at half maximum with high energy collision cell dissociation for the determination of fragment ions with a mass accuracy below 5 ppm. The extract from homogenised samples, after blending with a 0.1% aqueous mixture of 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (43:57) for 45 min, was injected directly onto the TurboFlow™ (TLX) column for automated on-line clean-up followed by analytical separation and accurate mass detection. The TurboFlow™ column enabled specific binding of target mycotoxins, whereas higher molecular weight compounds, like fats, proteins and other interferences with different chemical properties, were removed to waste. Single laboratory method validation was performed by spiking blank materials with mycotoxin standards. The recovery and repeatability was determined by spiking at three concentration levels (50, 100 and 200% of legislative limits) with six replicates. Average recovery, relative standard deviation and intermediate precision values were 71 to 120%, 1 to 19% and 4 to 19%, respectively. The method accuracy was confirmed with certified reference materials and participation in proficiency testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ates
- Food Safety Response Center, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Im Steingrund 4-6, 63303 Dreieich, Germany.
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17
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Couchman L. Turbulent flow chromatography in bioanalysis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:892-905. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Couchman
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry; King's College Hospital; Denmark Hill; London; SE5 9RS
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