1
|
İlaslan K, Tornuk F. Characterization of Silver Ions-Doped Organomodified Nanoclays. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Paidari S, Tahergorabi R, Anari ES, Nafchi AM, Zamindar N, Goli M. Migration of Various Nanoparticles into Food Samples: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092114. [PMID: 34574224 PMCID: PMC8466665 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has provided new opportunities for the food industry with its applications in food packaging. The addition of nanoparticles, such as clay, silver and copper, can improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of food packaging. However, nanoparticles may have an adverse impact on human health. This has led to legislative and regulatory concerns. The inhibitory effects of nano packaging on different microorganisms, such as Salmonella, E. coli, and molds, have been studied. Nanoparticles, like other materials, may have a diverse set of properties that need to be determined. In this review, different features of silver, clay and copper nanoparticles, such as their anti-microbial, cell toxicity, genetic toxicity, mechanical properties, and migration, are critically evaluated in the case of food packaging. Specifically, the viewpoints of WHO, FDA, and ESFA, concerning the nano-silver application in food packaging, are discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Paidari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran; (S.P.); (E.S.A.); (N.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Reza Tahergorabi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ensieh Sadat Anari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran; (S.P.); (E.S.A.); (N.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Abdorezza Moahammdi Nafchi
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Science and Technology Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan 36716-39998, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Zamindar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran; (S.P.); (E.S.A.); (N.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran; (S.P.); (E.S.A.); (N.Z.); (M.G.)
- Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahari H, Soufiani SP. Smart and Active Food Packaging: Insights in Novel Food Packaging. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657233. [PMID: 34305829 PMCID: PMC8299788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for more healthy foods with longer shelf life has been growing. Food packaging as one of the main aspects of food industries plays a vital role in meeting this demand. Integration of nanotechnology with food packaging systems (FPSs) revealed promising promotion in foods’ shelf life by introducing novel FPSs. In this paper, common classification, functionalities, employed nanotechnologies, and the used biomaterials are discussed. According to our survey, FPSs are classified as active food packaging (AFP) and smart food packaging (SFP) systems. The functionality of both systems was manipulated by employing nanotechnologies, such as metal nanoparticles and nanoemulsions, and appropriate biomaterials like synthetic polymers and biomass-derived biomaterials. “Degradability and antibacterial” and “Indicating and scavenging” are the well-known functions for AFP and SFP, respectively. The main purpose is to make a multifunctional FPS to increase foods’ shelf life and produce environmentally friendly and smart packaging without any hazard to human life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz P Soufiani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Employing Nanosilver, Nanocopper, and Nanoclays in Food Packaging Production: A Systematic Review. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been an increasing demand for “ready-to-cook” and “ready-to-eat” foods, encouraging food producers, food suppliers, and food scientists to package foods with minimal processing and loss of nutrients during food processing. Following the increasing trend in the customer’s demands for minimally processed foodstuffs, this underscores the importance of promising interests toward industrial applications of novel and practical approaches in food. Along with substantial progress in the emergence of “nanoscience”, which has turned into the call of the century, the efficacy of conventional packaging has faded away. Accordingly, there is a wide range of new types of packaging, including electronic packaging machines, flexible packaging, sterile packaging, metal containers, aluminum foil, and flexographic printing. Hence, it has been demonstrated that these novel approaches can economically improve food safety and quality, decrease the microbial load of foodborne pathogens, and reduce food spoilage. This review study provides a comprehensive overview of the most common chemical or natural nanocomposites used in food packaging that can extend food shelf life, safety and quality. Finally, we discuss applying materials in the production of active and intelligent food packaging nanocomposite, synthesis of nanomaterial, and their effects on human health.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. In this regard, there are reports regarding the side effect and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The main aim of this research was to study the migration of silver and copper nanoparticles from the packaging to the food matrix as well as the assessment techniques. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results. Reports indicated that studies on the migration of Ag/Cu nanoparticles do not agree with each other, but almost all studies agree that the migration of these nanoparticles is higher in acidic environments. There are widespread ambiguities about the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity, so understanding these nanoparticles and their toxic effects are essential. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. Therefore, more research needs to be done on the development of food packaging coatings with consideration given to the main parameters affecting nanoparticles migration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu S, Wu J, Xia Y, Hu C. Effect of ionising irradiation on silver release from polyolefin/silver nanocomposite films into food simulants. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:681-690. [PMID: 33625955 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1878284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two types of nanocomposite films, polyethylene/silver (PE/Ag) and polypropylene/silver (PP/Ag), were prepared and characterised. Assessment of silver released under the effect of ionising irradiation was performed on the nanocomposite films. The release experiment was carried out by immersing the nanocomposite films in water, 3% acetic acid or 95% ethanol as food simulants and measuring the Ag release from nanocomposite films treated with and without gamma or electron beam irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy. In general, irradiation treatment increased the Ag release regardless of the type of polymer and food simulant. One reason could be radiation-induced metal oxidation at the surface which in turn promoted ion release into food simulants. The oxidising radicals produced by radiation in solution could be another factor speeding up metal oxidation and subsequent ion release. When comparisons were made between the two types of irradiation, greater Ag release into water and 3% acetic acid was observed after electron beam irradiation, while gamma irradiation was likely to induce greater Ag release into 95% ethanol. Such phenomena reveal the influence of different types of radiation on the solutions which in turn affect the Ag release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Xia
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Hu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Power AJ, Remediakis IN, Harmandaris V. Interface and Interphase in Polymer Nanocomposites with Bare and Core-Shell Gold Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:541. [PMID: 33673125 PMCID: PMC7918087 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are used to modify/enhance the properties of a polymer matrix for a broad range of applications in bio-nanotechnology. Here, we study the properties of polymer/gold nanoparticle (NP) nanocomposites through atomistic molecular dynamics, MD, simulations. We probe the structural, conformational and dynamical properties of polymer chains at the vicinity of a gold (Au) NP and a functionalized (core/shell) Au NP, and compare them against the behavior of bulk polyethylene (PE). The bare Au NPs were constructed via a systematic methodology starting from ab-initio calculations and an atomistic Wulff construction algorithm resulting in the crystal shape with the minimum surface energy. For the functionalized NPs the interactions between gold atoms and chemically adsorbed functional groups change their shape. As a model polymer matrix we consider polyethylene of different molecular lengths, from the oligomer to unentangled Rouse like systems. The PE/Au interaction is parametrized via DFT calculations. By computing the different properties the concept of the interface, and the interphase as well, in polymer nanocomposites with metal NPs are critically examined. Results concerning polymer density profiles, bond order parameter, segmental and terminal dynamics show clearly that the size of the interface/interphase, depends on the actual property under study. In addition, the anchored polymeric chains change the behavior/properties, and especially the chain density profile and the dynamics, of the polymer chain at the vicinity of the Au NP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Power
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis N. Remediakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramos M, Beltran A, Fortunati E, Peltzer M, Cristofaro F, Visai L, Valente AJ, Jiménez A, Kenny JM, Garrigós MC. Controlled Release of Thymol from Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Silver Nanocomposite Films with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E395. [PMID: 32392898 PMCID: PMC7278659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were used to develop poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based films with antioxidant and antibacterial performance. Different amounts of thymol (6 and 8 wt%) and 1 wt% Ag-NPs were added to PLA to produce the active films. Ag-NPs and thymol were successfully identified in the nanocomposite structures using spectroscopic techniques. A kinetic study was performed to evaluate the release of thymol and Ag-NPs from the nanocomposites to an aqueous food simulant (ethanol 10%, v/v) at 40 °C. The diffusion of thymol from the polymer matrix was affected by the presence of non-migrating Ag-NPs, which showed non-Fickian release behavior. The ternary system including 1 wt% Ag-NPs and 8 wt% thymol showed clear antibacterial performance by reducing the cell viability of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by around 40% after 3 and 24 h of storage at 4, 25, and 37 °C compared to neat PLA. Significant antioxidant behavior of all active films was also confirmed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The obtained nanocomposite films based on PLA and the addition of Ag-NPs and thymol were proven to have combined antioxidant and antibacterial performance, with controlled release of thymol. These formulations have potential applications in the development of innovative and customized active packaging systems to increase the shelf-life of food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (A.B.); (A.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Ana Beltran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (A.B.); (A.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Elena Fortunati
- Civil Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; (E.F.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Mercedes Peltzer
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Francesco Cristofaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (L.V.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Società Benefit S.p.A IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Artur J.M. Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (A.B.); (A.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - José María Kenny
- Civil Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; (E.F.); (J.M.K.)
| | - María Carmen Garrigós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (A.B.); (A.J.); (M.C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Żarowska B, Koźlecki T, Piegza M, Jaros-Koźlecka K, Robak M. New Look on Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:515-525. [PMID: 31880895 PMCID: PMC7260703 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The progress of research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their inclusion in many consumer products (chemicals, cosmetics, clothing, water filters, and medical devices) as a biocide. Despite the widespread use of AgNPs, their biocidal activity is not yet fully understood and is usually associated with various factors (size, composition, surface, red-ox potential, and concentration) and, obviously, specific features of microorganisms. There are merely a few studies concerning the interaction of molds with AgNPs. Therefore, the determination of the minimal AgNPs concentration required for effective growth suppression of five fungal species (Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium pinophilum, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma virens, and Aspergillus brasiliensis), involved in the deterioration of construction materials, was particularly important. Inhibition of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) and yeasts (Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica) was also assessed as the control of AgNPs effectiveness. AgNPs at the concentrations of 9–10.7 ppm displayed high inhibitory activity against moulds, yeast, and bacteria. The TEM images revealed that 20 nm AgNPs migrated into bacterial, yeast, and fungal cells but aggregated in larger particles (50–100 nm) exclusively inside eukaryotic cells. The aggregation of 20 nm AgNPs and particularly their accumulation in the cell wall, observed for A. brasiliensis cells, are described here for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Żarowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Tomasz Koźlecki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Michał Piegza
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław , Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Robak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morais LDO, Macedo EV, Granjeiro JM, Delgado IF. Critical evaluation of migration studies of silver nanoparticles present in food packaging: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3083-3102. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciene de Oliveira Morais
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Surveillance, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Bioengineering Laboratory, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Isabella Fernandes Delgado
- Vice Presidency of Education, Information and Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Investigations into the Potential Abrasive Release of Nanomaterials due to Material Stress Conditions—Part B: Silver, Titanium Nitride, and Laponite Nanoparticles in Plastic Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three plastic nanocomposites containing the nanomaterials silver, titanium nitride, and laponite were investigated on the potential to release nanoparticulates under stress conditions into food simulants. Nanocomposites were exposed to thermal, chemical, and mechanical stress followed by mechanical abrasion of their surface. Particle sensitive asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection was used to detect and quantify the respective nanoparticulates. The results of this study demonstrate that even under dynamic stress conditions nanoparticulates are not released from the nanocomposites into food.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chi H, Xue J, Zhang C, Chen H, Li L, Qin Y. High Pressure Treatment for Improving Water Vapour Barrier Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Ag Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1011. [PMID: 30960936 PMCID: PMC6403989 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of high pressure treatment (0, 200 and 400 MPa) on water vapour barrier, microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/Ag nanocomposite films were investigated. The migration behavior of nano-Ag from the nanocomposite films in the presence of 50% (v/v) ethanol as a food simulant was also studied. The water vapour barrier properties increased as pressure was applied to film-forming solutions. High pressure treatment enhanced the mutual effect between PLA and nanoparticles, leading to a more compact network structure in PLA/Ag nanocomposite films. Furthermore, PLA/Ag nanocomposite films treated by high pressure were significantly affected by microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties when, compared with untreated samples. High pressure treatment at 200 to 400 MPa significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the migration of nano-Ag from the films. Overall, high pressure treatment on film-forming solutions showed potential in improving the functional properties of nanocomposite films, especially in relation to water vapour barrier properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Chi
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yuyue Qin
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gray PJ, Hornick JE, Sharma A, Weiner RG, Koontz JL, Duncan TV. Influence of Different Acids on the Transport of CdSe Quantum Dots from Polymer Nanocomposites to Food Simulants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9468-9477. [PMID: 30004222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) from low-density polyethylene and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and used these materials to explore potential exposure after long-term storage in different acidic media that could be encountered in food contact applications. While the low-level release of QD-associated mass into all the food simulants was observed, exposure to dilute acetic acid resulted in more than double the mass transfer compared to that which occurred during exposure to dilute hydrochloric acid at the same pH. Conversely, exposure to citric acid resulted in a suppression of QD release. Permeation experiments and confocal microscopy were used to reveal mechanistic details underlying these mass-transfer phenomena. From this work, we conclude that the permeation of undissociated acid molecules into the polymer, limited by partitioning of the acids into the hydrophobic polymer, plays a larger role than pH in determining exposure to nanoparticles embedded in plastics. Although caution must be exercised when extrapolating these results to PNCs incorporating other nanofillers, these findings are significant because they undermine current thinking about the influence of pH on nanofiller release phenomena. From a regulatory standpoint, these results also support current guidance that 3% acetic acid is an acceptable acidic food simulant for PNCs fabricated from hydrophobic polymers because the other acids investigated resulted in significantly less exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Gray
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Bedford Park , Illinois 60501 , United States
| | - Jessica E Hornick
- Biological Imaging Facility , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park , Illinois 60501 , United States
| | - Rebecca G Weiner
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Bedford Park , Illinois 60501 , United States
| | - John L Koontz
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Bedford Park , Illinois 60501 , United States
| | - Timothy V Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Bedford Park , Illinois 60501 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Avendaño Florez EA, Castillo Serna E, Sinuco León DC. Ensayo de migración global en empaques para alimentos: evaluación de patrones internos alternativos. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE QUÍMICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v47n1.63859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
En el ensayo de migración global para empaques plásticos destinados a alimentos grasos se emplea triheptadecanoato de glicerilo (GTM) como patrón interno para la cuantificación de los ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAMEs) por cromatografía de gases. En este trabajo se evaluaron 3-fenil propanoato de etilo (EFP) y ácido tetradecanóico (AM) como patrones internos alternativos. El uso de AM presentó comportamiento lineal (r > 0,99 y %Sb < 5%), buena precisión intermedia (HORRATr = 0,9) y exactitud (%R = 100,6%). En contraste, la evaluación del EFP, demostró que este no es un patrón interno adecuado para la cuantificación de FAMEs. De otra parte, se evaluó estadísticamente que no hay diferencias significativas en el cálculo de la migración global a partir de FAMEs cuantificados usando como patrón interno GTM o AM, mientras que el uso de EFP sí presenta diferencias significativas.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Zhang C, Chi H, Li L, Lan T, Han P, Chen H, Qin Y. Development of Antimicrobial Packaging Film Made from Poly(Lactic Acid) Incorporating Titanium Dioxide and Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2017; 22:E1170. [PMID: 28703753 PMCID: PMC6152247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA)/nano-TiO₂ and PLA/nano-TiO₂/nano-Ag blends films were prepared by a solvent volatilization method. Compared to pure PLA film, the nano-blend films have low water vapor permeability (WVP) and a poor transparency. With the increase of the NPs in the PLA, the tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) decreased, while the elongation at break (ε) increased. SEM analysis indicated a rougher cross-section of the nano-blend films. According to the FTIR analysis, no new chemical bonds were formed in the nano-blend films. By using DSC to examine the crystallization and melting behavior, the result shows that the NPs have no effect on the glass transition (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm), but they caused an increase on the cold crystallization (Tc) and crystallinity (Xc). TGA results show that the addition of nanoparticles significantly improved the thermal stability. The PLA nano-blend films show a good antimicrobial activity against. E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Most important, we carried out migration tests, and verified that the release of NPs from the nano-blend films was within the standard limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Hai Chi
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tianqing Lan
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Peng Han
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Yuyue Qin
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Honarvar Z, Hadian Z, Mashayekh M. Nanocomposites in food packaging applications and their risk assessment for health. Electron Physician 2016; 8:2531-8. [PMID: 27504168 PMCID: PMC4965203 DOI: 10.19082/2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has shown many advantages in different fields. As the uses of nanotechnology have progressed, it has been found to be a promising technology for the food packaging industry in the global market. It has proven capabilities that are valuable in packaging foods, including improved barriers; mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties; and applications in active and intelligent food packaging. Examples of the latter are anti-microbial agents and nanosensors, respectively. However, the use of nanocomposites in food packaging might be challenging due to the reduced particle size of nanomaterials and the fact that the chemical and physical characteristics of such tiny materials may be quite different from those of their macro-scale counterparts. In order to discuss the potential risks of nanoparticles for consumers, in addition to the quantification of data, a thorough investigation of their characteristics is required. Migration studies must be conducted to determine the amounts of nanomaterials released into the food matrices. In this article, different applications of nanocomposites in food packaging, migration issues, analyzing techniques, and the main concerns about their usage are discussed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Honarvar
- Student's Research Committee, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hadian
- Ph.D. of Food Technology, Assistant Professor of Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mashayekh
- Assistant Professor of Food Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu J, Hu J, Liu M, Cao G, Gao J, Luo Y. Migration and Characterization of Nano-zinc Oxide from Polypropylene Food Containers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2016.159.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Contado C. Nanomaterials in consumer products: a challenging analytical problem. Front Chem 2015; 3:48. [PMID: 26301216 PMCID: PMC4527077 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many products used in everyday life are made with the assistance of nanotechnologies. Cosmetic, pharmaceuticals, sunscreen, powdered food are only few examples of end products containing nano-sized particles (NPs), generally added to improve the product quality. To evaluate correctly benefits vs. risks of engineered nanomaterials and consequently to legislate in favor of consumer's protection, it is necessary to know the hazards connected with the exposure levels. This information implies transversal studies and a number of different competences. On analytical point of view the identification, quantification and characterization of NPs in food matrices and in cosmetic or personal care products pose significant challenges, because NPs are usually present at low concentration levels and the matrices, in which they are dispersed, are complexes and often incompatible with analytical instruments that would be required for their detection and characterization. This paper focused on some analytical techniques suitable for the detection, characterization and quantification of NPs in food and cosmetics products, reports their recent application in characterizing specific metal and metal-oxide NPs in these two important industrial and market sectors. The need of a characterization of the NPs as much as possible complete, matching complementary information about different metrics, possible achieved through validate procedures, is what clearly emerges from this research. More work should be done to produce standardized materials and to set-up methodologies to determine number-based size distributions and to get quantitative date about the NPs in such a complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Contado
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effect of polymer/nanosilver composite packaging on long-term microbiological status of Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:341-7. [PMID: 27081358 PMCID: PMC4818331 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is a valuable plant which is native to Iran. Saffron is the dried stigmata of the flowering part of the plant that is usually contaminated with different bacteria and fungi through production process. Antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles are well recognized. To survey the effects of nanosilver packaging on microbiological status of spiked, saffron samples over a six month period were chosen. Saffron samples from five regions of Khorasan province were purchased and de novo frequencies of microbial contaminants were determined using standard procedures. Totally 35 g of saffron was spiked with known numbers of four bacterial and two fungal species and packaged into one gram packets. The packaging materials consisted of polyethylene polymers containing 0, 400, 800, 1200 or 4000 ppm nanosilver (as Ag). Total and differential numbers of spiked microorganisms in the packaged saffrons were enumerated at initial and at six time points of seven, 14, 28, 64, 90 and 180 days. Baird-Parker agar (BP agar), Kenner Fecal (KF), Salmonella–Shigella agar (SS agar), Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (VRBGA), and Sabouraud Dextrose agar (SD agar) media were used for enumeration of the six spiked microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Enteritidis, Enterobacter species and Escherichia coli, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Direct antibacterial activity of the composites was also determined. De novo frequencies of microorganisms in five saffron samples were at acceptable levels with dominance of fungi species. Nanosilver embedded packages accelerated the reduction in live microbial numbers in saffron samples and the efficacy was the best in packages containing 4000 ppm nanosilver particles. Nanosilver packaging can significantly reduce microbial burden of saffron.
Collapse
|