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Najjar RS. The Impacts of Animal-Based Diets in Cardiovascular Disease Development: A Cellular and Physiological Overview. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:282. [PMID: 37504538 PMCID: PMC10380617 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and diet plays an instrumental role in CVD development. Plant-based diets have been strongly tied to a reduction in CVD incidence. In contrast, animal food consumption may increase CVD risk. While increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations are an established risk factor which may partially explain the positive association with animal foods and CVD, numerous other biochemical factors are also at play. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the major cellular and molecular effects of animal food consumption in relation to CVD development. Animal-food-centered diets may (1) increase cardiovascular toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, due to increased serum endotoxins and oxidized LDL cholesterol, (2) increase cardiovascular lipotoxicity, (3) increase renin-angiotensin system components and subsequent angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) signaling and (4) increase serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations. These nutritionally mediated factors independently increase cardiovascular oxidative stress and inflammation and are all independently tied to CVD development. Public policy efforts should continue to advocate for the consumption of a mostly plant-based diet, with the minimization of animal-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Salim Najjar
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Wang Q, Pan S, Jiang Q, Li L, Tu W, Zhang Q, Zhou X. CircSPAG16 suppresses cadmium-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by decoying PIP5K1α to inactivate Akt. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:582-594. [PMID: 34081812 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated to have important regulatory functions in chemical carcinogenesis via sponging microRNAs to regulate gene expression. Our study revealed a novel mechanism of circRNA in cadmium carcinogenesis through directly binding with protein. Here, we used cadmium-transformed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to study the involvement and mechanism of circRNA in lung carcinogenesis caused by cadmium. By high-throughput sequencing, circSPAG16 was identified to be the most significantly downregulated circRNA in cadmium-transformed cells. CircSPAG16 was downregulated at Week 8, 12, 16, and 20 during cadmium-induced cell transformation. In addition, circSPAG16 overexpression prevented cadmium-induced transformation of BEAS-2B cells. Mechanistically, circSPAG16 inhibited the function of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 α (PIP5K1α) by binding with it. We demonstrated that PIP5K1α acted as an oncogene to activate Akt and promoted cancer hallmarks including proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in cadmium-transformed cells. CircSPAG16 overexpression inactivates PIP5K1α/Akt signaling in the transformed cells. Furthermore, PIP5K1α overexpression significantly rescued the inhibitory effects of circSPAG16 overexpression on pAkt and cancer hallmarks in cadmium-transformed cells. Collectively, our results revealed that circSPAG16 could prevent cadmium-induced transformation through binding with PIP5K1α to inactivate Akt. These results provide a novel regulatory mechanism of circRNA into carcinogenesis induced by cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yaghubi E, Carboni S, Snipe RMJ, Shaw CS, Fyfe JJ, Smith CM, Kaur G, Tan SY, Hamilton DL. Farmed Mussels: A Nutritive Protein Source, Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids, with a Low Environmental Footprint. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041124. [PMID: 33805534 PMCID: PMC8067026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s ever-growing population presents a major challenge in providing sustainable food options and in reducing pressures on the Earth’s agricultural land and freshwater resources. Current estimates suggest that agriculture contributes ~30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Additionally, there is an increased demand for animal protein, the production of which is particularly polluting. Therefore, the climate-disrupting potential of feeding the planet is likely to substantially worsen in the future. Due to the nutritional value of animal-based protein, it is not a simple solution to recommend a wholesale reduction in production/consumption of animal proteins. Rather, employing strategies which result in the production of low carbon animal protein may be part of the solution to reduce the GHGs associated with our diets without compromising diet quality. We suggest that farmed mussels may present a partial solution to this dilemma. Mussel production has a relatively low GHG production and does not put undue pressure on land or fresh water supplies. By drawing comparisons to other protein sources using the Australian Food and Nutrient Database and other published data, we demonstrate that they are a sustainable source of high-quality protein, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, and other key micronutrients such as B-12 and iron. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the health benefits and potential risks of increasing the consumption of farmed mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Yaghubi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran;
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
| | | | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Jackson J. Fyfe
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Craig M. Smith
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia;
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - David. Lee Hamilton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-392445207
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Tonstad S, Klemsdal TO, Dusanov S, Gulseth H. Randomized trials of diet and persistent organic pollutants: Reply to Drs. Lee and Lee. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:851-852. [PMID: 32276864 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Papadopoulou E, Haug LS, Sakhi AK, Andrusaityte S, Basagaña X, Brantsaeter AL, Casas M, Fernández-Barrés S, Grazuleviciene R, Knutsen HK, Maitre L, Meltzer HM, McEachan RRC, Roumeliotaki T, Slama R, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Thomsen C, Chatzi L. Diet as a Source of Exposure to Environmental Contaminants for Pregnant Women and Children from Six European Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107005. [PMID: 31617753 PMCID: PMC6867312 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to exposures to food contaminants, and a balanced diet during these periods is critical for optimal nutritional status. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to study the association between diet and measured blood and urinary levels of environmental contaminants in mother-child pairs from six European birth cohorts (n = 818 mothers and 1,288 children). METHODS We assessed the consumption of seven food groups and the blood levels of organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and heavy metals and urinary levels of phthalate metabolites, phenolic compounds, and organophosphate pesticide (OP) metabolites. Organic food consumption during childhood was also studied. We applied multivariable linear regressions and targeted maximum likelihood based estimation (TMLE). RESULTS Maternal high (≥ 4 times / week ) versus low (< 2 times / week ) fish consumption was associated with 15% higher PCBs [geometric mean (GM) ratio = 1.15 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.29], 42% higher perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) (GM ratio = 1.42 ; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68), 89% higher mercury (Hg) (GM ratio = 1.89 ; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.41) and a 487% increase in arsenic (As) (GM ratio = 4.87 ; 95% CI: 2.57, 9.23) levels. In children, high (≥ 3 times / week ) versus low (< 1.5 times / week ) fish consumption was associated with 23% higher perfluorononanoate (PFNA) (GM ratio = 1.23 ; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.40), 36% higher PFUnDA (GM ratio = 1.36 ; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.64), 37% higher perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (GM ratio = 1.37 ; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.54), and > 200 % higher Hg and As [GM ratio = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.91, 4.31) and GM ratio = 2.68 (95% CI: 2.23, 3.21)] concentrations. Using TMLE analysis, we estimated that fish consumption within the recommended 2-3 times/week resulted in lower PFAS, Hg, and As compared with higher consumption. Fruit consumption was positively associated with OP metabolites. Organic food consumption was negatively associated with OP metabolites. DISCUSSION Fish consumption is related to higher PFAS, Hg, and As exposures. In addition, fruit consumption is a source of exposure to OPs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Anne Lise Brantsaeter
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Helle Katrine Knutsen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lea Maitre
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Remy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Joint Research Center (U1209), La Tronche, Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Kopp TI, Outzen M, Olsen A, Vogel U, Ravn-Haren G. Genetic polymorphism in selenoprotein P modifies the response to selenium-rich foods on blood levels of selenium and selenoprotein P in a randomized dietary intervention study in Danes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:20. [PMID: 30008961 PMCID: PMC6045871 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Selenium is an essential trace element and is suggested to play a role in the etiology of a number of chronic diseases. Genetic variation in genes encoding selenoproteins, such as selenoprotein P and the glutathione peroxidases, may affect selenium status and, thus, individual susceptibility to some chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to (1) investigate the effect of mussel and fish intake on glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and (2) examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GPX1, GPX4, and SELENOP genes modify the effect of mussel and fish intake for 26 weeks on whole blood selenium, plasma selenoprotein P concentrations, and erythrocyte GPX enzyme activity in a randomized intervention trial in Denmark. Results CC homozygotes of the SELENOP/rs3877899 polymorphism who consumed 1000 g fish and mussels per week for 26 consecutive weeks had higher levels of both selenoprotein P (difference between means - 4.68 ng/mL (95% CI - 8.49, - 0.871)) and whole blood selenium (difference between means - 5.76 (95% CI - 12.5, 1.01)) compared to fish and mussel consuming T-allele carriers although the effect in whole blood selenium concentration was not statistically significant. Conclusions Our study indicates that genetically determined variation in SELENOP leads to different responses in expression of selenoproteins following consumption of selenium-rich foods. This study also emphasizes the importance of taking individual aspects such as genotypes into consideration when assessing risk in public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Iskov Kopp
- 1National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.,2Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,3The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,5The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Section 7801, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Malene Outzen
- 1National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.,2Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- 2Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- 4National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- 1National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Venugopal V, Gopakumar K. Shellfish: Nutritive Value, Health Benefits, and Consumer Safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1219-1242. [PMID: 33371588 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shellfish is a major component of global seafood production. Specific items include shrimp, lobsters, oysters, mussels, scallops, clams, crabs, krill, crayfish, squid, cuttlefish, snails, abalone, and others. Shellfish, in general, contain appreciable quantities of digestible proteins, essential amino acids, bioactive peptides, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, astaxanthin and other carotenoids, vitamin B12 and other vitamins, minerals, including copper, zinc, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, selenium, iodine, and also other nutrients, which offer a variety of health benefits to the consumer. Although shellfish are generally safe for consumption, their exposure to diverse habitats, the filter feeding nature of shellfish such as oysters, clams, and mussels, and unhealthy farming and handling practices may occasionally entail health risks because of possible presence of various hazards. These hazards include pathogenic organisms, parasites, biotoxins, industrial and environmental pollutants, heavy metals, process-related additives such as antibiotics and bisulfite, and also presence of allergy-causing compounds in their bodies. Most of the hazards can be addressed by appropriate preventive measures at various stages of harvesting, farming, processing, storage, distribution, and consumption. Furthermore, consumer safety of shellfish and other seafood items is strictly monitored by international, governmental, and local public health organizations. This article highlights the nutritional value and health benefits of shellfish items and points out the various control measures to safeguard consumer safety with respect to the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vazhiyil Venugopal
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Kerala Univ. of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (KUFOS), Kochi, Kerala 682506, India
| | - Kumarapanicker Gopakumar
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Kerala Univ. of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (KUFOS), Kochi, Kerala 682506, India
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