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Kong Y, Fan X, Yao X, Wu K, Deng A, Feng X, Li J. Potential-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence Multiplex Immunoassay for Florfenicol and Chloramphenicol in a Single Sample. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16639-16648. [PMID: 37910128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotic residues in food is of great significance for food safety. In this work, a novel dual-potential electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was designed for the simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and fluorfenicol residues in food. Ru@MOF was used as an anodic probe, and SnS2 QDs-PEI-Au-MoS2 was used as a cathodic probe. Notably, the coreactant for both luminophores was K2S2O8, avoiding interactions caused by different kinds of coreactants. Au nanoparticles functionalized with a nitrogen- and sulfur-doped graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode to improve the electron transfer efficiency and provide a larger surface area for immobilization of antigen. The linear range for the detection of florfenicol was determined to be 0.1-1000 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL-1, and the linear range for the detection of chloramphenicol was 0.01-1000 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.2 pg mL-1 by recording the ECL responses at two different excitation potentials. The proposed immunoassay achieved a more stable recovery in the detection of actual samples and provided a new analytical method for the simultaneous detection of florfenicol and chloramphenicol residues with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xun Yao
- Comprehensive Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Plasmid Composition, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes Profiles of Ciprofloxacin- and Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Foodborne Salmonella enterica Isolates from Russia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020347. [PMID: 36838312 PMCID: PMC9961839 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. Ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the common first-line antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of salmonellosis, antimicrobial resistance genes for which are mostly transferred via plasmids. The goal of this work was to perform genomic analysis of plasmids from foodborne S. enterica isolates obtained in Russia based on whole-genome sequencing. In the current study, 11 multidrug-resistant samples isolated in 2021 from 8 regions of Russia were selected based on their resistance to ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins (CIP-3rd). Whole-genome short-read sequencing (WGS) was performed for all isolates; the samples belonged to five different sequence types (ST32, ST469, ST11, ST142, and ST548) which had different profiles of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. We have performed additional long-read sequencing of four representative S. enterica isolates, which showed that they carried pESI-like megaplasmids of 202-280 kb length harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides resistance genes, as well as several virulence determinants. We believe that the WGS data obtained will greatly facilitate further studies of foodborne S. enterica isolates epidemiology in terms of their self-transmissible plasmid composition that mediated antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants conferring selective advantages of this important bacterial pathogen.
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Falyouna O, Maamoun I, Ghosh S, Malloum A, Othmani A, Eljamal O, Amen TW, Oroke A, Bornman C, Ahmadi S, Hadi Dehghani M, Hossein Mahvi A, Nasseri S, Tyagi I, Suhas, Reddy Koduru J. Sustainable Technologies for the Removal of Chloramphenicol from Pharmaceutical Industries Effluent: A critical review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Salgueiro V, Manageiro V, Bandarra NM, Reis L, Ferreira E, Caniça M. Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1343. [PMID: 32887439 PMCID: PMC7564983 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in Sparus aurata collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the S. aurata samples. These strains belonged to Bacillaceae, Bacillales Family XII. Incertae Sedis, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Erwiniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Enterobacter sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups (p ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) (p ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of Enterobacteriaceae from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the Bacillaceae family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the Staphylococcaceae family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. Seven Enterobacter spp. and five Pseudomonas spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Lelliottia sp. and Pantoea vagans associated with S. aurata (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrB19-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at parC gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of "critically important antimicrobials" and "highly important antimicrobials" for human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salgueiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Lígia Reis
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
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Luo L, Zhou X, Pan Y, Zhao K, Deng A, Li J. A simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for chloramphenicol based on gold nanoparticle-loaded enzyme. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:877-884. [PMID: 32150663 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and ultrasensitive flow injection chemiluminescence competitive immunoassay based on gold nanoparticle-loaded enzyme for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in shrimp and honey has been developed. Due to their good biocompatibility and large specific surface area, carboxylic resin beads can be used as solid phase carriers to immobilize more coating antigens (Ag). In addition, gold nanoparticles could provide an effective matrix for loading more CAP antibody and horseradish peroxidase, which would effectively catalyze the system of luminol-p-iodophenol (PIP)-H2 O2 . A competitive immunoassay strategy was used for detection of CAP, in which CAP in the sample would compete with the coating Ag for the limited antibodies, leading to a chemiluminescence (CL) signal decrease with increase in CAP concentration. A wide linear range 0.001-10 ng ml-1 (R2 = 0.9961) was obtained under optimized conditions, and the detection limit (3σ) was calculated to be 0.33 pg ml-1 . This method was also been successfully applied to determine CAP in shrimp and honey samples. The immunosensor proposed in this study not only has the advantages of high sensitivity, wider linear range, and satisfactory stability, but also expands the application of flow injection CL immunoassay in antibiotic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liegao Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Biodegradation of antibiotics: The new resistance determinants – part I. N Biotechnol 2020; 54:34-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Ben Y, Fu C, Hu M, Liu L, Wong MH, Zheng C. Human health risk assessment of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:483-493. [PMID: 30530088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics leading to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance poses high health risks to humans, but to date there is still lack of a quantitative model to properly assess the risks. Concerns over the health risk of antibiotic residues in the environment are mainly (1) the potential hazard of ingested antibiotic residues in the environment altering the human microbiome and promoting emergence and selection for bacteria resistance inhabiting the human body, and (2) the potential hazard of creating a selection pressure on environmental microbiome and leading to reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment. We provide a holistic view of health risk assessment of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment in contrast with that of the antibiotic resistant bacteria and discuss the main knowledge gaps and the future research that should be prioritized to achieve the quantitative risk assessment. We examined and summarized the available data and information on the four core elements of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment, and risk characterization. The data required to characterize the risks of antibiotic residues in the environment is severely limited. The main future research needs have been identified to enable better assessments of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: (1) establishment of a standardized monitoring guide of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance in the environment, (2) derivation of the relationship between antibiotic levels and pathogenic antibiotic-resistance development in different settings, and (3) establishment of the dose-response relationship between pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria and various infection diseases. After identification of key risk determinant parameters, we propose a conceptual framework of human health risk assessments of antibiotic residues in the environment. CAPSULE: A holistic view of human health risk assessment of antibiotic residues in the environment was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ben
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Chloramphenicol-Induced Alterations in the Liver and Small Intestine Epithelium in Pigs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An effect of the exposure to chloramphenicol (CAP) at doses used therapeutically was studied in pigs at the age of slaughter. Pigs were treated with CAP intramuscularly (20 mg/kg b.w. two times every 24 hours). Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses of small intestine and liver were done. CAP increased the thickness of myenteron and submucosa, and the length of villi; decreased the depth of crypts in the duodenum and jejunum. CAP influenced the Auerbach plexus. A decrease in cell proliferation, an increase in the number of apoptotic cells and T lymphocytes in the CAP-treated pigs were observed. CAP induces hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and disturbed intestinal epithelium. It can be concluded that short exposure of pigs to CAP at doses used therapeutically results in disturbed digestion and absorption process in the intestine.
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Rejtharová M, Rejthar L, Bureš J, Vernerová E, Hera A. Persistence of chloramphenicol residues in chicken muscle tissue after a therapeutic dose administration. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:547-551. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1253113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rejtharová
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Rejthar
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bureš
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vernerová
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alfred Hera
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rejtharová M, Rejthar L, Čačková K, Bureš J, Vernerová E, Hera A. Observation of residues in tissues of chickens exposed to low dietary concentrations of chloramphenicol. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:542-546. [PMID: 27689693 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1241900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate potential residues in tissues arising from naturally occurring low levels of chloramphenicol in plant material, feeding studies were conducted with chickens. A common chicken feed was prepared containing 0, 10, 50 and 200 μg kg-1 chloramphenicol and levels were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Four separate groups of broiler chickens, eight animals in each group, were fed all their 35-day life with this contaminated feed. They were allowed ad libitum access to this feed and fresh water. After slaughtering the chickens, the residues in muscle and liver tissues were determined using GC/MS-NCI method. No residues were detected in tissues of animals from groups fed with feed containing 0, 10 or 50 µg kg-1. Low chloramphenicol residual concentrations were observed in a few of the muscle samples obtained from the group of chickens fed with feed containing chloramphenicol in added concentration 200 µg kg-1. No residues were detected in the remaining samples of this group. These results indicate that when residues of chloramphenicol are detected it is in all probability through illegal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rejtharová
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Libor Rejthar
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Čačková
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bureš
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vernerová
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alfred Hera
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Nordkvist E, Törnkvist A, Wallgren P, Hoogenboom R, Berendsen B, Granelli K. Distribution of chloramphenicol to tissues, plasma and urine in pigs after oral intake of low doses. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1411-20. [PMID: 27385382 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1209574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxic effects of chloramphenicol in humans caused the ban for its use in food-producing animals in the EU. A minimum required performance level (MRPL) was specified for chloramphenicol at 0.3 μg kg(-1) for various matrices, including urine. In 2012, residues of chloramphenicol were found in pig urine and muscle without signs of illegal use. Regarding its natural occurrence in straw, it was hypothesised that this might be the source, straw being compulsory for use as bedding material for pigs in Sweden. Therefore, we investigated if low daily doses of chloramphenicol (4, 40 and 400 μg/pig) given orally during 14 days could result in residues in pig tissues and urine. A dose-related increase of residues was found in muscle, plasma, kidney and urine (showing the highest levels), but no chloramphenicol was found in the liver. At the lowest dose, residues were below the MRPL in all tissues except in the urine. However, in the middle dose, residues were above the MRPL in all tissues except muscle, and at the highest dose in all matrices. This study proves that exposure of pigs to chloramphenicol in doses occurring naturally in straw could result in residues above the MRPL in plasma, kidney and especially urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitte Aspenström-Fagerlund
- a Department of Risk-Benefit Assessment, Division of Science , National Food Agency (NFA) , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Erik Nordkvist
- b Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene , National Veterinary Institute (NVI) , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anna Törnkvist
- c Department of Chemistry , Science division , NFA , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per Wallgren
- d Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies , NVI , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ron Hoogenboom
- e RIKILT - Wageningen, University and Research centre , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Berendsen
- e RIKILT - Wageningen, University and Research centre , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Kristina Granelli
- c Department of Chemistry , Science division , NFA , Uppsala , Sweden
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