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Chao M, Xu X, Wu A, Song S, Kuang H, Xu C, Liu L. Gold immunochromatographic strip assay for the detection of triamcinolone acetonide and budesonide in milk. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1531-1543. [PMID: 35867536 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2099984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody against triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) and budesonide (BUD) was prepared using a hapten that was generated by introducing a carboxyl group into the structure of TCA. Based on the prepared monoclonal antibody, a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassay (GLFA) was developed with the ability to screen TCA and BUD in milk. The visible limits of detection of the GLFA for the analysis of TCA and BUD were 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL with a cutoff value of 5 and 10 ng/mL, respectively, in milk. Average recoveries of TCA and BUD in milk were 92.0-102.2% and 96.0-98.8% with a good correlation between the results from the GLFA and LC-MS/MS analysis. These results demonstrated that the GLFA method for the rapid detection of TCA and BUD in milk samples is reliable and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Chao
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Probo M, Peric T, Fusi J, Prandi A, Faustini M, Veronesi MC. Hair cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in healthy beef calves from birth to 6 months of age. Theriogenology 2021; 175:89-94. [PMID: 34517287 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol (C) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are recognized as the main fetal steroids, and they are likely to influence fetal development and have long-term effects on newborn hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) function. DHEA is often measured as its sulfates and expressed as DHEA-S. Hair analysis represents a promising methodological approach for the non-invasive measurement of steroids, allowing for a retrospective analysis of the total exposure to steroids over time, and avoiding the influence of acute events or circadian fluctuations. Hair cortisol and DHEA concentrations have been investigated in cows, but no studies have been performed on calves. The object of this study was to evaluate hair cortisol (HC) and hair DHEA-S (HDHEA-S) concentrations in beef calves from birth to six months of age. Hair samples of 12 beef calves (seven males, five females) were firstly collected at birth (T1) and then every three weeks up to six months of age (T2-T10), collecting only the re-grown hair. HC and HDHEA-S were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Calves sex, weight and APGAR score were registered immediately after birth. Statistical analysis revealed that both HC and HDHEA-S were influenced by sampling time (P < 0.001). HC concentrations were higher at T1 compared to all subsequent samplings (T2-T10, P < 0.01); HC concentrations were higher at T2 compared to T4-T10 (P < 0.01), while no further changes were detected from T3 onward. Higher HDHEA-S concentrations were registered at T1, T2 and T3 compared to all the other samplings (P < 0.01). No correlation was found between hair concentrations of both steroids and calf sex or birthweight. APGAR score was negatively correlated only with HC at birth (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that C and DHEA-S are quantifiable in the hair of calves and are influenced by their age. The higher HC detected at birth (T1) probably reflects the high serum C concentrations present late in pregnancy and increased by the fetal HPA axis, by which parturition is initiated in cows. The highest HDHEA-S at birth (T1) in calves indicates that the largest amounts of DHEA and its sulfates are produced during fetal development. Moreover, the findings of higher HC at three weeks after birth and of higher HDHEA-S until six weeks after birth, suggest that C and DHEA secretion continues also beyond birth, and that these steroids could be involved in the events occurring during the challenging first weeks of age in the calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Probo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - T Peric
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2/a, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - J Fusi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - A Prandi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2/a, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - M C Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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Quade L, Chazot PL, Gowland R. Desperately seeking stress: A pilot study of cortisol in archaeological tooth structures. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:532-541. [PMID: 33026108 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced through activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. It is known as the "stress hormone" for its primary role in the body's stress response and has been the focus of much modern clinical research. Within archaeology, only a few studies have analyzed cortisol in human remains and these have been restricted to hair (Webb et al., 2010; Webb, White, van Uum, & Longstaffe, 2015a; Webb, White, van Uum, & Longstaffe, 2015b). This study examines the utility of dentine and enamel, which survive well archaeologically, as possible reservoirs for detectable levels of cortisol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Then, 69 teeth from 65 individuals from five Roman and Post-Roman sites in France were tested via competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess and quantify the cortisol concentrations present within tooth dentine and enamel. RESULTS In both tooth dentine and enamel, detectable concentrations of cortisol were identified in multiple teeth. However, concentrations were low and not all teeth yielded results that were measurable through cortisol ELISA. Differences in cortisol values between dentine and enamel could suggest different uptake mechanisms or timing. DISCUSSION These results suggest that cortisol is incorporated within tooth structures and merits further investigation in both modern and archaeological contexts. Analysis of the results through liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry would verify current results and might yield values that could be better integrated with published cortisol studies. Future studies of cortisol in tooth structures would greatly expand the research potential of cortisol in the past and could have implications for studies of human stress across deep time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Quade
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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Simple Synthesis of 17-β- O-hemisuccinate of Stanozolol for Immunoanalytical Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092019. [PMID: 32357494 PMCID: PMC7248714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of doping in sports is a global problem that affects athletes around the world. Among the different methods developed to detect doping agents in biological samples, there are antibody-based methods that need an appropriate hapten design. Steroids with a hydroxyl group can be converted to the corresponding hemisuccinates. A novel approach to the synthesis of 17β-O-hemisuccinate of the common doping agent stanozolol is described here. Acylation of stanozolol with methyl 4-chloro-4-oxobutyrate/4-dimethylaminopyridine, followed by mild alkaline hydrolysis with methanolic sodium hydroxide at room temperature, gave the simultaneous protection and deprotection of pyrazole-nitrogen atoms. The proposed new synthetic method allows the desired hemisuccinate derivative to be obtained in only two steps, and with a good total yield starting from stanozolol.
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Gajda A, Nowacka-Kozak E, Gbylik-Sikorska M, Posyniak A. Feather analysis as a non-invasive alternative to tissue sampling for surveillance of doxycycline use on poultry farms. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5971-5980. [PMID: 31309225 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive chicken production leads to overuse of antibiotics on poultry farms. For food safety control, there is great need for means to use non-conventional matrices allowing analysis of antibiotics during poultry breeding. The main goal of this study was to demonstrate feathers as suitable material for non-invasive detection of doxycycline treatment in poultry. Transfer to and depletion of doxycycline in chicken feathers were investigated after therapeutic, spray, and subtherapeutic treatment. For the quantitative determination of doxycycline in feathers, a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method was used. High concentrations of doxycycline in feathers were detectable for 22 D post treatment in each experimental group, and they were much higher than those in muscle and liver. A washing experiment with the same solvent as for extraction showed different ratios between extractable and non-extractable residues in feathers of chickens treated therapeutically, by spraying and subtherapeutically, which demonstrates the ability of feather analysis to distinguish different forms of treatment. After a segmentation procedure, high amounts of doxycycline were found to be deposited in the upper part of feathers in each treatment group. The obtained results showed that chicken feathers are a suitable material for the detection and non-invasive surveillance of doxycycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - E Nowacka-Kozak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - M Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - A Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
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Khan IT, Bule M, Ullah R, Nadeem M, Asif S, Niaz K. The antioxidant components of milk and their role in processing, ripening, and storage: Functional food. Vet World 2019; 12:12-33. [PMID: 30936650 PMCID: PMC6431809 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current rate of population growth is so fast that, to feed this massive population, a 2-fold increase in land is required for the production of quality food. Improved dietary products such as milk and its products with antioxidant properties and functional foods of animal origin have been utilized to prevent chronic diseases. The designer milk contains low fat and less lactose, more protein, modified level of fatty acids, and desired amino acid profiles. The importance of milk and its products is due to the presence of protein, bioactive peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, Vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. These constituents are present in milk product, play a key role in the physiological activities in human bodies, and act as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, immune boosting, and antimicrobial activities. Consumer awareness regarding benefits of designer foods such as milk and its products is almost non-existent worldwide and needs to be established to reach the benefits of designer food technologies in the near future. The main objective of this review was to collect data on the antioxidant properties of milk and its constituents which keep milk-derived products safe and preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Taj Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bule
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Rahman Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Asif
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Campus Coste Sant’Agostino, Renato Balzarini Street, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)-Bahawalpur-63100 Pakistan
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Chiesa LM, Nobile M, Panseri S, Arioli F. Suitability of feathers as control matrix for antimicrobial treatments detection compared to muscle and liver of broilers. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Piper T, Putz M, Delahaut P, Thevis M. Carbon isotope ratios of endogenous steroids in Belgian Blue and Holstein cattle: Method development, reference population studies and application to steroid misuse control. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1793-1802. [PMID: 28833805 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The misuse of growth promoters in livestock and breeding animals is prohibited according to the laws of the European Union. Among these growth promoters, the detection of endogenous steroids like testosterone, estradiol or progesterone remains especially challenging as concentration-based urinary thresholds may not provide conclusive results due to large inter-individual variations. In addition to the detection of intact steroid esters in blood or hair, carbon isotope ratio (CIR) determination of urinary steroids has commonly been the method of choice. METHODS A comprehensive sample clean-up procedure was developed and validated, which enables for the first time simultaneous CIR measurements of testosterone metabolites (17α-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one and 5α-androstane-3β,17α-diol), the estradiol metabolite 17α-estradiol (ESTR) and the progesterone metabolite 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol (PD) from a single urine specimen. As endogenous reference compounds 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one and 5-androstene-3β,17α-diol (5EN) were chosen. The method was validated by means of linear mixing models and a reference population encompassing n = 53 Belgian Blue and Holstein cattle was investigated to enable the calculation of population-based Δ13 C thresholds. RESULTS The combined measurement uncertainty determined for the Δ13 C-values of all steroids under investigation was found to be <0.8 ‰. Within the reference population studies, 5EN was demonstrated to be the most promising endogenous reference compound resulting in comparably low Δ-values and accompanying thresholds. For PD, a surprisingly high number of samples (n = 9) yielded significantly 13 C-depleted values and ESTR was only detectable in n = 13 samples. Proof-of-concept was accomplished by investigating two post-administration samples. CONCLUSIONS This first comprehensive investigation on the CIRs of endogenous urinary steroids demonstrated once more the potential of isotope ratios in aiding discrimination between endogenously produced and exogenously administered steroids. By means of the reference population-derived CIRs, it is possible to apply cattle-specific thresholds to differentiate between treated and non-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Piper
- German Sport University Cologne, Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Marlen Putz
- German Sport University Cologne, Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Mario Thevis
- German Sport University Cologne, Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
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Tölgyesi Á, Barta E, Simon A, McDonald TJ, Sharma VK. Screening and confirmation of steroids and nitroimidazoles in urine, blood, and food matrices: Sample preparation methods and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric separations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:805-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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