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Identification and Quantification of 29 Active Substances by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in Lyophilized Swine Manure Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010216. [PMID: 36615410 PMCID: PMC9822080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary drugs are frequently employed to treat and prevent diseases in food-producing animals to improve animal health and to avoid the introduction of microorganisms into the food chain. The analysis of the presence of pharmaceutical residues in animal manure could help to evaluate the legal and illegal practices during food production without harming the animals and to correctly manage manure when it is going to be applied as a fertilizer. This article describes a method for the simultaneous analysis of 29 active substances, mostly antibiotics and antiparasitic agents. Substances were extracted from lyophilized manure with a methanol:McIlvaine solution and analyzed with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and a C18 HPLC column. The method was validated following European guidelines, the achieved trueness was between 63 and 128% (depending on the analytes), and the linearity was between 100 and 1500 µg/kg. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in 40 manure samples collected from pig farms where tetracycline was quantified in 7.5% of the samples. These results show the viability of this non-invasive method for the control of the legal and illegal administration of pharmaceuticals in food-producing animals.
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Duan C, Zhang Y, Li P, Li Q, Yu W, Wen K, Eremin SA, Shen J, Yu X, Wang Z. Dual-Wavelength Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Sulfonamides and Antibacterial Synergists in Milk. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111053. [PMID: 36421171 PMCID: PMC9688798 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of sulfonamides (SAs) and antibacterial synergists (ASGs) are frequently used for treating infectious diseases and promoting growth for animals, which cause potential hazards to food safety and human health. To realize the simultaneous detection of SAs and ASGs in food, a homogeneous and high-throughput screening dual-wavelength fluorescence polarization immunoassay (DWFPIA) was developed. In this study, three SAs tracers and three ASGs tracers were synthesized by fluoresceins with different linkers and paired with their corresponding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. To achieve a high sensitivity and broad specificity, the combination of tracers SADMPM-HDF with the longest linker paring mAb 10E6 for SAs and tracer HaptenA-DSCA paring mAb 9C9 for ASGs were chosen for the development of DWFPIA, achieving surprising IC50 values for 23 SAs below 100 μg L-1 and 5 ASGs below 50 μg L-1. The accuracy of DWFPIA was applied in real milk samples by typical sulfamethazine (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP), with recoveries of 81.7-97.2% and 78.6-103.6%, and coefficient of variations (CVs) below 18.9%, which could be completed within 15 min, including sample pretreatment. We firstly developed a simultaneous screening DWFPIA, covering all of the SAs and ASGs used in clinic and providing a great application potential in food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu C, Song D, Yang Z, Wang Z, Pan P, Liu J, Yang X, Li R, Zhu Z, Xue F. Research on advanced methods of electrochemiluminescence detection combined with optical imaging analysis for the detection of sulfonamides. Analyst 2021; 146:7611-7617. [PMID: 34783798 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method that combines electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analysis and digital image processing was developed for the detection of sulfonamides. This method is based on the ECL system of ruthenium terpyridine, with 1 mM tripropylamine as a co-reactant to enhance the performance. Under the optimal conditions comprising a solution of pH 7 and a scanning rate of 0.08 V s-1, the Pt electrode has an excellent linear detection range from 5 μM to 5 mM, with a detection limit of 0.85 μM (S/N = 3). A wireless camera is used to record the light-emitting process. The recordings are processed, and the digital images are extracted using image-processing algorithms implemented in Python to calculate the brightness value of the image, which has a linear relationship with the logarithm of the sulfonamide concentration. Image analysis simplifies and improves the stability of the ECL analysis process, while also increasing the speed of analysis. The results indicate that the method can successfully detect a sulfonamide concentration of 5 μM. Thus, the analysis method of ECL combined with image processing is feasible for the detection of sulfonamides, thereby displaying its potential applicability as a novel method in drug and food safety, for instance, for sulfonamide detection in antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Dianyou Song
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Zhengchun Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Peng Pan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Ruirui Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Zikang Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Materials and Printed Electronics Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Fengjun Xue
- Wuhan Running Education Research Institute, Wuhan 430000, China
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Li T, Wang C, Xu Z, Chakraborty A. A coupled method of on-line solid phase extraction with the UHPLC‒MS/MS for detection of sulfonamides antibiotics residues in aquaculture. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126765. [PMID: 32330759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of a variety of antibiotics in fish farming raises serious concern about the development of antibiotic resistance. Sulfonamides antibiotics (SAs), which are widely used in aquaculture and generate large eco‒toxicological effects with significant mutagenicity and teratogenic consequences, are still difficult to determine in aquatic organisms. In this study, an automatic technology was developed by coupling on‒line solid phase extraction system (on‒line SPE) with ultra‒high‒performance liquid chromatography spectrometry‒mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS). Particularly, using a single on‒line column in the process of sample pretreatment, e.g., HLB or C18, phospholipids that potentially caused the matrix effect cannot be removed form biological sample. We applied a mixed cation exchange column (Oasis® MCX) connected with a hydrophilic lipophilic balance column (Oasis® HLB) in series in on‒line SPE clean‒up to remove interferences and finally obtained a clear and stable eluant. The on‒line SPE working conditions and UHPLC‒MS/MS parameters were optimized for their sensitivity, accuracy, decision limit, and detection capability, which were further calibrated for fish, shrimp and crab. The results showed that the limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 1.46 to 15.5 ng/kg, and 4.90-51.6 ng/kg, respectively. Accuracy values covered 71.5%-102% at the three concentration levels (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μg/kg) for all compounds and average repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD%) ranged from 3.47% to 14.2%. This on‒line SPE coupled with UHPLC‒MS/MS method is a way forward for an automatic, powerful detection technology for determination of antibiotics from complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Monitoring Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources of Taihu Basin, China
| | - Ce Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Zhaoan Xu
- Monitoring Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources of Taihu Basin, China
| | - Amit Chakraborty
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computational Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India.
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Gavilán RE, Nebot C, Patyra E, Vazquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A. Determination of Florfenicol, Thiamfenicol and Chloramfenicol at Trace Levels in Animal Feed by HPLC⁻MS/MS. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020059. [PMID: 31067799 PMCID: PMC6628031 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of florfenicol and thiamfenicol through medicated feed is permitted within the European Union, always following veterinary prescription and respecting the withdrawal periods. However, the presence of low levels of florfenicol, thiamfenicol, and chloramfenicol in non-target feed is prohibited. Since cross-contamination can occur during the production of medicated feed and according to Annex II of the European Regulation 2019/4/EC, the control of residue levels of florfenicol and thiamfenicol in non-target feed should be monitored and avoided. Based on all the above, a sensitive and reliable method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous detection of chloramfenicol, florfenicol, and thiamfenicol at trace levels in animal feed. Analytes were extracted from minced feed with ethyl acetate. Then, the ethyl acetate was evaporated, the residue was resuspended in Milli-Q water and the extract filtered. The method was in-house validated at carryover levels, with concentration ranging from 100 to 1000 µg/kg. The validation was conducted following the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and all performance characteristics were successfully satisfied. The capability of the method to detect amfenicols at lower levels than any prior perspective regulation literature guarantees its applicability in official control activities. The developed method has been applied to non-compliant feed samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Elvira Gavilán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carolina Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ewelina Patyra
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24⁻100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Beatriz Vazquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Determination of Sulfonamides in Feeds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography after Fluorescamine Precolumn Derivatization. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030452. [PMID: 30695988 PMCID: PMC6384555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new multi-residue method for the analysis of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfaguanidine and sulfamethoxazole) in non-target feeds using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and precolumnderivatization was developed and validated. Sulfonamides (SAs) were extracted from feed with an ethyl acetate/methanol/acetonitrile mixture. Clean-up was performed on a Strata-SCX cartridge. The HPLC separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column with a gradient mobile phase system of acetic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile. The method was validated according to EU requirements (Commission Decision 2002/657/EC). Linearity, decision limit, detection capability, detection and quantification limits, recovery, precision, and selectivity were determined, and adequate results were obtained. Using the HPLC-FLD method, recoveries were satisfactory (79.3–114.0%), with repeatability and reproducibility in the range of 2.7–9.1% to 5.9–14.9%, respectively. Decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were 197.7–274.6 and 263.2–337.9 µg/kg, respectively, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 34.5–79.5 and 41.3–89.9 µg/kg, respectively, depending on the analyte. Results showed that this analytical procedure is simple, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for the routine control of feeds.
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Li H, Ma S, Zhang X, Li C, Dong B, Mujtaba MG, Wei Y, Liang X, Yu X, Wen K, Yu W, Shen J, Wang Z. Generic Hapten Synthesis, Broad-Specificity Monoclonal Antibodies Preparation, and Ultrasensitive ELISA for Five Antibacterial Synergists in Chicken and Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11170-11179. [PMID: 30251847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An antibody with broad specificity and principally depending on hapten structure and size is a key reagent for developing a class-selective immunoassay. In the present study, three new generic haptens of antibacterial synergists (ASGs) were proposed using trimethoprim as the starting molecule. These haptens contained carboxyl groups on the meta position of trimethoxybenzene for conjugating to protein, while, the common moiety of ASGs, i.e., diaminopyrimidine, was intentionally and maximally exposed to the immune system in animals in order to induce antibodies with broad specificity against ASGs. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were finally obtained, and 5C4 from the hapten with a short spacer arm, named Hapten A, showed not only uniform broad specificity but also high affinity to all five ASGs. We further determined the possible recognition mechanism of mAbs in terms of conformational and electronic aspects. An indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA)-based 5C4 was established and exhibited IC50 values of 0.067-0.139 μg L-1 with cross-reactivity of 48.2%-418.7% for the five ASGs in buffer under optimal conditions. The calculated limits of detection of the icELISA for chicken and milk were 0.06-0.8 μg kg-1 and 0.05-0.6 μg L-1, respectively. The recoveries in spiked chicken and milk samples were 75.2%-101.4% with a coefficient of variation less than 14.3%. In summary, we have developed, for the first time, a rapid and reliable icELISA for ASGs with significantly improved sensitivity and class selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Henan Agricultural University , 450002 Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Baolei Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Mari Ghulam Mujtaba
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Qingdao Agricultural University , 266109 Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
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